World Wide Web (“WWW” or “the Web”)
GLOSSARY
Bit
The smallest piece of computer information, either the number 0 or 1.
Browser
Software used to navigate the Internet. Netscape Navigator and MicrosoftInternet Explorer are today's most popular browsers for accessing theWorld Wide Web.
Byte
Most computers use combinations of eight bits, called bytes, to representone character of data or instructions. For example, the word “cat” hasthree characters, and it would be represented by three bytes.
CD-ROM
Compact Disc Read-Only Memory. An optically read disc designed to holdinformation such as music, reference materials, or computer software. Asingle CD-ROM can hold around 640 megabytes of data, enough forseveral encyclopedias. Most software programs are now delivered on CDROMs.
CPU
Central Processing Unit.The brain of the computer.
Cursor
A moving position-indicator displayed on a computer monitor that shows acomputer operator where the next action or operation will take place.
Data
Registered facts.
Desktop
The main directory of the user interface. Desktops usually contain iconsthat represent links to the hard drive, a network (if there is one), and atrash or recycling can for files to be deleted. It can also display icons offrequently used applications, as requested by the user.
Disk drive
The equipment that operates a hard or floppy disc.
Domain
Represents an IP (Internet Protocol) address or set of IP addresses thatcomprise a domain. The domain name appears in URLs to identify webpages or in email addresses.
DVD
Digital Video Disc – Similar to a CD-ROM, it stores and plays both audioand video
Electronic mail; messages, including memos or letters, sent electronicallybetween networked computers that may be across the office or around theworld.
Ethernet card
A board inside a computer to which a network cable can be attached.
File
A set of data that is stored in the computer.
Freeware
Software created by people who are willing to give it away for thesatisfaction of sharing or knowing they helped to simplify other people'slives. It may be freestanding software, or it may add functionality toexisting software.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol. A format and set of rules for transferring files from ahost to a remote computer.
Hard drive
Another name for the hard disc that stores information in a computer.
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Hardware
The physical and mechanical components of a computer system, such asthe electronic circuitry, chips, monitor, disks, disk drives, keyboard,modem, and printer.
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language. A standard of text mark-up conventions usedfor documents on the World Wide Web. Browsers interpret the codes togive the text structure and formatting (such as bold, blue, or italic).
Hypertext
A system for organizing text through links, as opposed to a menu-drivenhierarchy such as Gopher. Most Web pages include hypertext links toother pages at that site, or to other sites on the World Wide Web.
Icons
Symbols or illustrations appearing on the computer screen that indicateprogram files or other computer functions.
Information
Data on persons, objects, facts, events, phenomena and processes(regardless of format) needed for decision making.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Integration of methods, production processes, hardware and softwaremeans with the aim to provide gathering, processing, storage,dissemination, display and usage of information in the interests of its users.
Menu
A context-related list of options that users can choose from.
Microprocessor
A complete central processing unit (CPU) contained on a single siliconchip.
Modem
A device that connects two computers together over a telephone or cableline by converting the computer's data into an audio signal. Modem is acontraction for the process it performs: modulate-demodulate.
Monitor
A video display terminal.
Mouse
A small hand-held device, similar to a trackball, used to control theposition of the cursor on the video display; movements of the mouse on adesktop correspond to movements of the cursor on the screen.
Multimedia
Software programs that combine text and graphics with sound, video, andanimation. A multimedia PC contains the hardware to support thesecapabilities.
Network
A collection of computers and related devices connected in such a waythat users can share software and hardware (for example, printers) andcommunicate with each other.
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Operating system
A set of instructions that tell a computer on how to operate when it isturned on. It sets up a filing system to store files and tells the computerhow to display information on a video display. Most PC operating systemsare DOS (disc operated system) systems, meaning the instructions arestored on a disc (as opposed to being originally stored in themicroprocessors of the computer). Other well-known operating systemsinclude UNIX, Linux, Macintosh, and Windows.
Personal computer (PC)
A single-user computer containing a central processing unit (CPU) andone or more memory circuits.
Printer
A mechanical device for printing a computer's output on paper. There arethree major types of printers:
Dot matrix: creates individual letters, made up of a series of tiny ink dots,by punching a ribbon with the ends of tiny wires. (This type of printer ismost often used in industrial settings, such as direct mail for labeling.)
Ink jet: sprays tiny droplets of ink particles onto paper. Laser: uses a beam of light to reproduce the image of each page using amagnetic charge that attracts dry toner that is transferred to paper andsealed with heat.
Program
A precise series of instructions written in a computer language that tellsthe computer what to do and how to do it. Programs are also called“software” or “applications.”
RAM
Random Access Memory.One of two basic types of memory. Portions ofprograms are stored in RAM when the program is launched so that theprogram will run faster. Though a PC has a fixed amount of RAM, onlyportions of it will be accessed by the computer at any given time. Alsocalled memory.
ROM
Read-Only Memory.One of two basic types of memory. ROM containsonly permanent information put there by the manufacturer. Information inROM cannot be altered, nor can the memory be dynamically allocated bythe computer or its operator.
Scanner
An electronic device that uses light-sensing equipment to scan paperimages such as text, photos, and illustrations and translate the images intosignals that the computer can then store, modify, or distribute.
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Server
A computer that shares its resources and information with othercomputers, called clients, on a network.
Shareware
Software created by people who are willing to sell it at low cost or no costfor the gratification of sharing. It may be freestanding software, or it mayadd functionality to existing software.
Software
Computer programs; also called “applications.”
UNIX
A very powerful operating system used as the basis of many high-endcomputer applications.
Window
A portion of a computer display used in a graphical interface that enablesusers to select commands by pointing to illustrations or symbols with amouse. “Windows” is also the name Microsoft adopted for its popularoperating system
Word processor
A computer system or program for setting, editing, revising, correcting,storing, and printing text.
World Wide Web (“WWW” or “the Web”)
A network of servers on the Internet that use hypertext-linked databasesand files. It was developed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee, a British computerscientist, and is now the primary platform of the Internet. The feature thatdistinguishes the Web from other Internet applications is its ability todisplay graphics in addition to text.
Dictinonary
A
Absolute - абсолютный
Addition - сложение
Alignment -выравнивание
Angle - угол
Application -приложение
Appropriate соответствующий
Arrow - стрелка
Attribute - атрибут, свойство
AutoContentWizard - Мастер автосодержания
Available - доступный
Average - среднее (арифметическое)
Axis - ось
Application- приложение, прикладная программа
Architecture -архитектура
Artificialintellect - искусственный интеллект
B
Background- фон, задний план
Binary –двоичный
Booleanalgebra -булева алгебра, алгебра логики
Bold- жирный
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Border - граница
Built-in - встроенный
Bullet - маркер
C
CPU (Central Processing Unit) -центральныйпроцессор
Conjunction- конъюнкция, логическоеумножение
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) - электронно-лучеваятрубка, ЭЛТ
Category- категория
Cell - ячейка
Certain -определённый
Character - знак, символ
Chart - диаграмма
Clipart - графический фрагмент, иллюстрация
Clipboard - буфер обмена
Clockwise - по часовой стрелке
Column - столбец
Controlmenubutton - кнопка управления меню
Customizing -настраивать
D
Data –данные, информация, сведения
Database -база данных
Digit -цифра
Decimal -десятичное число
Device –устройство, любая единица компьютерного или сетевого оборудования. Это может быть как микросхема, например тактовый генератор, так и отдельное функциональное устройство: принтер, монитор, дисковод, модем и т.д.
Disjunction -дизъюнкция, логическое сложение
Driver – драйвер
Default - по умолчанию
Description - описание
Descriptive - описательный
DesignTemplate Шаблон - оформления
Determine - определять, устанавливать
Different - различный
Direction - направление
Division - деление
Doughnut -кольцевой
Drag - перетаскивать
Drawingtoolbar - панель рисования
Dropdownlistbox раскрывающийся список
Dummy- макет
E
E-government -электронное правительство
Embedded - встроенный
Emphasis- акцент
Expand - расширять
F
Flowchart -блок-схема
File –файл
Footer -нижний колонтитул
Formatpainter - формат по образцу
Formulabar - панель формул
Fromedge - от края
Fromscratch - с нуля; с самого начала;
G
Gridline - линия координатой сетки
H
Handout- тезисы
Hardware –аппаратное обеспечение
Headers верхний колонтитул
Hexadecimal -шестнадцатеричная система счисления
Heading - заголовок
Height-widthratio - соотношение ширина-высота
Highlight - выделение
HDD (HardDiskDrive)- жесткий диск, накопитель на жёстком диске, НЖМД
I
Input –ввод
Interface –интерфейс
Inch- дюйм (2,54 см)
Indent- отступ
Intersection-пересечение
Invoice -счет
Italic-курсив
Justification-выравнивание
J
K
Keyboard –клавиатура
Kernel – ядро
Keystrokeнажатиеклавиши
Kind- сорт, разряд; вид, класс
L
Logic – логика
Logiccircuit -логическая схема
LCD (Liquid-CrystalDisplay)-жидкокристаллический (ЖК) экран
Legend- легенда
M
Malware- вредоносные (злонамеренные) программы (например, вирусы, черви)
Motherboard- материнская плата, системная плата
Margin- поле
Mentioned - приведенный
Menubar - строка меню
Multiplication - умножение
Mouse – мышь, указующее устройство, служит для управления перемещением курсора на текстовом или графическом экране
Memory - память, запоминающее устройство
N
Network -вычислительная, компьютерная сеть
Note - примечания
Numbering - нумерация, список
O
Operatingsystem - операционная система, ОС
Octalnumbersystem -восьмеричная система счисления
Output -вывод (данных)
Omit - не выделять
Onscreen - экранный
Outline -план, схема
P
Powersupply -источник (электро)питания, блок питания
Programminglanguage -язык программирования
Pane - панель
Paragraph - абзац
Particular - особый
Percentage- процентное отношение
Perform- выполнять
Placeholder- заполнитель
Pointer - указатель
Presentation - презентация
Preview - просмотр
Pulldown -выпадающее меню
Q
R
Rearrange - изменять
Reference - ссылка, сноска
RAM (RandomAccessMemory) - оперативная память, оперативное запоминающее устройство, ОЗУ
Relative - относительный
Rotation- вращение
Row - строка
Ruler- линейка
S
Storage –память, внешнее устройство для хранения данных
Software (SW) - программное обеспечение
Systemunit- системный блок
Spreadsheet- электронная таблица, ЭТ
Spyware - шпионящее ПО. ПО, предназначенное для слежения за действиями пользователя на компьютере. Перехватывает его почтовую переписку, вводимую им информацию, пароли и команды
Shell - программная оболочка
Sequence - последовательность, порядок следования, ряд
Scale - шкала
Scratch - рабочая область
Scrollbar- полоса прокрутки
Separator- разделитель
Shortcut -сокращённый
Shortcutkey - быстрая клавиша
Signature - электронная подпись
Slice часть, доля
Sorter- сортировщик
Statusbar - строка состояния
Straightforward - прямой
Subsequent - следующий
Subtraction -вычитание
Subtype -подтип
Surface -поверхность, плоскость
T
Truthtable -таблица истинности
Taskpane - область задач
Template - шаблон
Temporarily - временно
Three-dimensional - трёхмерный, пространственный
Thumbnail -краткое описание
Titlebar - строка заголовка
Toolbar- панель инструментов
Transition переход
Transparency - прозрачность
U
Utility -утилита, сервисная программа
Underlining - подчеркивание
Unique - уникальный
User-defined - определяемый пользователем
V
Valid- допустимый
Various- различный
Volatile - непостоянный, временный (об информации, записываемой в память, но не сохраняемой при завершении приложения)
W
Wordprocessor- текстовый процессор
Wall - стенка
Wizard - Мастер
Workbook - рабочая книга
Worksheet - рабочий лист
Lecture complex
Lecture №1
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