Airplanes have many applications in a variety of fields. Brainstorm as many uses of the airplane as possible
Look at the picture of an airplane. Name the airplane components you know, share the terms with your partner.
Reading
Read the text and try to guess the meaning of underlined words from the content of the text.
AIRPLANE COMPONENTS
A. The airplane consists of six principal structural units, namely, the power plant, the fuselage, the wing, the tail unit (or empennage), flight controls and the landing gear
( undercarriage ).
B. The power plant is a source of power. It provides power and propels the airplane. Nowadays there are many types of aircraftengines. These engines have one thing in common. The energy is derived from a chemical reaction which takes place inside the engine itself. Nacelles are compartments housing the power plant or engine and its accessories. The engine is really the heart of the airplane.
C. The fuselage is the main body of the airplane which is divided into some cabins (compartments). A nose cabin is a pilot’s cabin (cockpit). The cockpit houses the crew, the flight controls and flight instrument panels. The next section of the fuselage is a wing centre-section. Passenger compartments are situated there. The rear part of the fuselage is designed for cargo rooms and for mounting a tail unit on it.
D. The wing is the main lifting surface of sweptback shape. Its function is to support the aircraft in flight producing lifting force. There may be different arrangement, shapes and number of the wings. At the trailing edge of the wing there are movable parts which are called ailerons, flaps and trimmer tabs (trimmers).
E. The tail unit (empennage) provides the necessary stability and consists of vertical and horizontal control surfaces. The vertical plane is called a fin. It has a movable part – a rudder. The horizontal plane is a stabilizer. The movable part at the trailing edge of the stabilizer is an elevator.
F. Three basic flight control surfaces are the ailerons, the elevators, and the rudder. They are hinged so to move and thus to deflect the air stream passing over there. The ailerons are located at the trailing edge and near the tips of the wings. They control the motion of the plane about the longitudinal axis. The elevators are hinged to the horizontal stabilizers and control the airplane's movement up and down about the lateral axis. The rudder is hinged to the vertical stabilizer (fin), and it controls the movement of the airplane around the vertical axis.
J. The landing gear (undercarriage) carries the wheels on which the aircraft moves on the ground. Struts attach it to the fuselage. Two different arrangements of landing wheels are in use today. They are conventional tricycle gears and the landing gear with a skid. The landing gear may be retractable and non-retractable.
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Comprehension Check
You have read the text. Fill in the picture with missing terms from the text.
Complete the table according to the content of the text.
| Component | Function |
| to develop the necessary supporting force | |
| Fuselage | |
| to change the attitude and direction of flight | |
| Power plant | |
| Aileron | |
| to control the airplane’s movement up and down about the lateral axis | |
| Cockpit | |
| to house luggage and cargo | |
| to control the movement of the airplane around the vertical axis | |
| Nacelle | |
| Landing gear | |
| to provide stability of flight |
Read the sentences and decide if they are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones.
1. Power plant produces lifting force.
2. The rear part of the fuselage is designed for the cockpit.
3. The landing gear is designed to assist the airplane maneuvering on the ground.
4. Ailerons, flaps and trimmers are located at the trailing edge of the wing.
5. Flight controls produce additional lifting force.
6. Empennage is mounted on the wing centre-section.
4. Answer the following questions:
1. What units does the airplane consist of?
2. The power plant is a source of power, isn’t it?
3. What does the cockpit house?
4. Is the function of the wing to support the aircraft in flight?
5. Where are movable parts of the wing located? Name them.
6. Does the tail unit consist of a vertical stabilizer and rudder and horizontal stabilizer and elevators?
7. What components are responsible for airplane motion? Where are they located?
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8. What is the function of the landing gear?
Vocabulary Focus
1. Match the words from A and B. Make as many combinations as possible.
A B
Horizontal Edge
Lifting Compartment
Passenger Surface
Sweptback Unit
Trailing Shape
Movable Plant
Structural Part
Power Stabilizer
2. Find the words in the text that mean:
air flow (F); engine (B); surface (E); to locate (C); to hinge (J); energy (B); usual (J); form (D); compartment (C); wing (D).
3. Translate the words in brackets:
a) into Russian:
1. Силовая установка (provides) энергией.
2. (Nacelles) – это отсеки, вмещающие двигатель и его вспомогательные элементы.
3. Фюзеляж (contains) кабину пилота, пассажирский и багажный отсеки.
4. На задней кромке крыла располагаются (ailerons, flaps) и триммеры.
b) into English:
1. (Руль направления) is hinged to the vertical stabilizer.
2. The main landing gear (прикрепляются) by struts to the fuselage.
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3. The wings are the main (подъёмные плоскости).
4. There are conventional (трёхопорное шасси) and the landing gear with a (хвостовой опорой).
Focus on Writing
1. Match the beginnings and the endings of the sentences:
1. The power plant provides power and a. cargo rooms and for mounting
a tail unit on it.
2. The ailerons are located at the b. the movement of the airplane
trailing edge of the wing and around the vertical axis.
3. The main function of the wing is c. propels the airplane.
4. The energy is derived from a d. to support the aircraft in flight.
chemical reaction which
5. The rudder is hinged to the fin e. takes place inside the engine
and it controls itself.
6. The rear part of the fuselage is f. control the motion of the airplane
designed for…. about the longitudinal axis.
Speaking
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