Русские эквиваленты причастия в функции определения
Active
| Английский | Русский | Примеры |
| reading | 1) читающий, который читает 2) читавший, который читал | Look at this reading boy! He is only five. We looked at the reading boy. He had a nice voice. |
Passive
| Английский | Русский | Примеры |
| used being used | 1) применяющиеся, применяемые, которые применяются (обычно) 2) применявшиеся, которые применялись (раньше) 3) примененные, которые были применены 4) применяемые, которые применяются (в момент речи) | These are the methods used for metal treatment. There were several methods used before the invention. This is the method used in the first experiment. What do you think of the method being used? |
Русские эквиваленты причастий в функции обстоятельства
| Английский | Русский | Примеры |
| (when/while) reading having read | читая, когда читаю, когда читал прочитав, когда прочитал, потому что прочитал | (While) reading this book I always remember my own childhood. (When) reading this book I wrote out a number of useful expressions. Having read this book I learnt a lot. |
Обратите внимание!
Причастие being (от глагола tobe) не используется в качестве обстоятельства времени.
В этом случае употребляется “while-phrase” или придаточное предложение.
Например:
Будучи в Москве, я посетил Кремль.
While in Moscow (= when I was in Moscow) I visited Kremlin.
Причастиеbeing используется в качестве обстоятельства причины.
Например:
Being tired (as he was tired) he went home at once.
I. Take this Participle Quiz.
Remember: Past participles "-ed" are used to describe how people feel, while Present participles "-ing" are used to describe something that causes the feelings. Choose the correct word:
| a) relaxed b) relaxing a) depressed b) depressing a) satisfied b) satisfying a) embarrassed b) embarrassing a) tired b) tiring a) disappointing b) disappointed a) excited b) exciting a) convincing b) convinced a) exhausting b) exhausted |
II.Choose the correct participle from the pair to complete the sentence.
- What are we going to do tonight? I'm so ____ (bored/boring) just sitting here watching TV. Let's go out and do something ____ (exciting/excited).
- Did you watch that ____ (interesting/interested) documentary on TV last night?
- I think his ____ (baffled/baffling) attitude is due to the fact that he isn't ____ (interested/interesting) enough in his studies.
- The ____ (astonished/astonishing) fact that almost 20% of Americans are obese is, in part, due to the fact that they eat too much junk food.
- His abilities were so ____ (amazed/amazing) that people traveled from far away to hear
him play.
- ____ (excited/exciting) particles in the nucleus center caused a chemical transformation.
- I was ____ (humored/humoring) by his reply to my question.
- Do you find that so ____ (surprised/surprising)?
Word Study
1. Listen, read and memorize:
| 1) display 2)incorporate 3)common 4)a residential garden 5)habitat 6)formerly 7)universal 8)signify 9)shorten 10)enclosure 11)yard 12)court 13)orchard 14)hence 15)refer to 16)adjoin 17)parsley 18)benefit 19)exhibit 20)follies | показ соединять, включать (всостав) общий; распространенный садоколо жилого дома место обитания ранее всеобщий значить, означать укорачивать отгораживание; ограждение двор двор фруктовый сад следовательно; отсюда относиться; упоминать примыкать, граничить петрушка выгода выставлять структурные компоненты сада | 21)feature 22)pond 23)creek 24) bed 25)statuary 26)distinguish 27)fragrance 28)delight 29)senses 30)soil 31)rocks 32)light 33)precipitation 34)pollution 35)proximity 36)salinity 37)path 38)pool 39)patio 40)deck 41)lighting 42)gazebo | особенность, деталь пруд ручей дно (реки, моряит.д.); клумба, грядка скульптура различать аромат, благоухание восторг, наслаждение чувства почва камни свет осадки загрязнение близость, родство соленость тропинка бассейн патио (внутренний дворик) палуба, подиум освещение, осветительная аппаратура бельведер, беседка |
2. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
planned, cultivation, natural, materials, term, traditionally, general, simulated, zoological, base, botanical, etymology, traditional, type, irrigation, extensive, resource, structural, fountain, ornamental, intermixed, labor-intensive methods, hobby, different, texture, interest, drainage sculpture, pergola, terrace
3. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:
a planned space; both natural and man-made materials; the most common form; simulated natural habitats; a shortened form of botanical garden; enclosed space; an enclosed area of land; some traditional types of eastern gardens; local native plants; water features; dry creek beds; ornamental purposes; food crops; ornamental plants; food-producing gardens
4. Match the verb and its synonym:
| 1)display 2)incorporate 3)signify 4)shorten 5)adjoin 6)distinguish 7)exhibit | a)be next or nearest to b)show c)show publicly (for pleasure, for sale, in a competition, etc.) d)make united in one body or group e)mean f)see, hear, recognize, understand well the difference g)make or become shorter |
5. Match the word and its definition:
| 1)habitat 2)enclosure 3)feature 4)creek 5)fragrance 6)precipitation 7)pollution 8)salinity 9)gazebo 10)patio | a)the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment. b)an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism. c)a pavilion structure, sometimes octagonal or turret-shaped, often built in a park, garden or spacious public area. d)the property of containing salt. e)a stream smaller than a river. f)any form of water, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the earth's surface. g)an outdoor space generally used for dining or recreation that adjoins a residence and is typically paved. h)a structure consisting of an area that has been enclosed for some purpose. i)a sweet or pleasant odor; a scent. j)a prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic. |
6. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words:
1) A piece of ground with fruit trees is called ____.
2) A usual natural place and conditions of plants or animals growth is called ____.
3) Enclosed or partly enclosed space near or round a building or a group of buildings, often paved is called ____.
4) Small area of still water is called ____.
5) Way made by or for people walking is called ____.
6) Paved area near a house, used for recreation is called ____.
7) A small body of still water is called…
8) A small stream, often a shallow or intermittent tributary to a river is called ____.
9) A small roofed building affording shade and rest is called ____.
10) Statues collectively are called ____.
11) A garden typically located on the land near a residence is called ____.
(creek, patio, statuary, habitat, pond, pool, orchard, path, gazebo, a residential garden, yard)
7. Read Text A and answer the question:
– Why do flower gardens combine plants of different heights, colors, and fragrances?
Text A
Garden
A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, organized for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form today is known as a residential garden, but the term garden has traditionally been a more general one. Zoos, which display wild animals in simulated natural habitats, were formerly called zoological gardens. Western gardens are almost universally based on plants, with garden often signifying a shortened form of botanical garden.
The etymology of the word refers toenclosure: it is from Middle English gardin, from Anglo-French gardin, jardin, from German gard, gart. The words yard, court, and Latin hortus (meaning "garden," hence horticulture and orchard) — all refer to an enclosed space.
The term "garden" in British English refers to an enclosed area of land, usually adjoining a building. This would be referred to as a yard in American English.
Some traditional types of eastern gardens, such as Zen gardens, use plants such as parsley. Xeriscape gardens use local native plants that do not require irrigation or extensive use of other resources while still providing the benefits of a garden environment. Gardens may exhibit structural components, sometimes called follies, including water features such as fountains, ponds (with or without fish), waterfalls or creeks, dry creek beds, statuary, trellises and more.
Some gardens are for ornamental purposes only, while some gardens also produce food crops, sometimes in separate areas, or sometimes intermixed with the ornamental plants. Food-producing gardens are distinguished from farms by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their purpose (enjoyment of a hobby rather than produce for sale). Flower gardens combine plants of different heights, colors, textures, and fragrances to create interest and delight the senses.
Elements of a garden
The elements of a garden consist of the following:
Natural conditions and materials:
Soil
Rocks
Light
Wind
Water from precipitation or other source
Air
Pollution
Proximity to ocean (salinity)
Plant materials
Constructed elements:
Garden beds
Paths
Pool, water garden, or other water elements such as drainage system
Terrace, patio, deck
Lighting
Sculpture
Buildings such as gazebos, pergolas and follies
8. Choose the correct answer:
1. A garden is a planned space organized for ____.
a) the display
b) enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature
c) cultivation
d) all of the above
2. The garden can contain ____.
a) man-made objects
b) both natural and man-made materials
c) natural objects
3. The most common form of garden today is known as ____.
a) a zoo
b) a residential garden
c) a botanical garden
4. The etymology of the word “garden” refers to ____.
a) enclosure
b) display
c) cultivation
5. The elements of a garden consist of ____.
a) constructed elements
b) natural conditions and materials
c) all of the above
6. Structural components of a garden are called ____.
a) trellises
b) rocks
c) follies
9. Find in the text the equivalents to the following word combinations:
обычно вне дома;другие формы природы;самая общепринятая форма;в искусственных местах обитания;уменьшенная форма ботанического сада;восточные сады;местные растения;обширное использование других ресурсов;декоративные цели;продовольственные культуры;меньший масштаб;методы интенсивного труда;возбуждать интерес
10. Find in the text and read the sentence in which it is said that…
– The main purpose of a garden is to cultivate, display and enjoy plants and other forms of nature.
– Gardens can display animals.
– A residential garden is the most popular type of garden among people.
– European gardens look like botanical garden.
– Food-producing gardens differ from farms.
– Flower gardens combine difference plants.
– Native local plants are used in Eastern gardens.
11. Say if it is true or false. Correct the wrong statements:
1. A garden is a planned space organized for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature.
2. The garden can comprise only natural materials.
3. Zoos were formerly called botanical gardens.
4. The etymology of the word “garden” refers to natural habitat.
5. An enclosed area of land, usually adjoining a building would be referred to as a yard in American English.
6. Some traditional types of eastern gardens use edible plants.
7. Structural components of a garden can include waterfalls and creeks.
8. Flower gardens combine plants of the same height, color, texture, and fragrance.
12. Answer the questions:
1. What is a garden?
2. What is the most common form of a garden?
3. What is the etymology of the word “garden”?
4. What is the purpose of a garden?
5. What do the elements of a garden consist of?
6. What are natural conditions and materials of the garden?
7. What are structural elements?
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