I. Read the following text and find .answers to these questions
1. Who are "original Australians"?
2. What can you say about "Old Australians"?
3. When did "New Australians" arrive to Australia?
4. What concept is the immigration policy based on?
TEXT 2.Ethnic Composition of the Population.
The Australian population is subdivided into "original Australians" (known as the aborigines), "old Australians" and "new Australians".
The word "aborigines" means first inhabitants. Now the estimated aboriginal population is less than one per cent of the population of the country. They number about 200 000, of whom about 50000 pure-blooded representatives and about 150 000 mixed bloods.
The Aboriginal people do not own land as individuals but as members of groups. Land is therefore owned collectively. Aborigines can expect to live only 52 years, or 20 years below Australia's average.
"Old Australians" are people of Anglo-Saxon or Irish descent, born in Australia and speaking English as their native language. For many years Australia was a place where criminals and political offenders were sent from British Isles. So the population of Australia is mainly of British origin.
"New Australians" are post-war immigrants from various countries. The arrival of more than two million immigrants since World War II most of them from Greece and Italy has altered the character of the population. Now there are many nations in Australia, speaking different languages, English being the official language.
The immigration policy is based of the "White Australia" concept. Since 1861 the transportation of the convicts has been stopped and severe restrictions on immigration from non-European countries have been imposed ( the so-called "White Australia" policy is still in force).
II. Give a summary of the text.
I. Learn to pronounce names of the Australian states and territories.
Name of the state and territory Capital
1. Australian Capital Territory (АТС) Canberra
ТерриторияФедеральнойстолицы г. Канберра
2. New South Wales (NSW) Sydney
НовыйЮжныйУэльс г. Сидней
3. Northern Territory (NT) Darwin
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Севернаятерритория г. Дарвин
4. Queensland (Old) Brisbane
Квинсленд г. Брисбен
5. South Australia (SAus) Adelaide
ЮжнаяАвстралия г. Аделаида
6. Tasmania (Tas) Hobart
Тасмания г. Хобарт
7. Victoria (Vic) Melbourne
Виктория . г. Мелъбурн
8. Western Australia (WAus) Perth
Западная Австралия г. Перт
II. Lookatthemар (р. ). Show each state on it and say what city is the capital of the state.
Model: Melbourne is the capital of Victoria.
III. Read end translate the following text.
Remember: executive - исполнительный
legislative - законодательный
judicial- - правовой, судебный
TEXT 3.The Australian Government System
The Commonwealth of Australia is composed by six states and two territories:
the State of New South Vales with its capital in Sydney,
the State of Victoria with its capital in Melbourne,
the State of South Australia with its capital in Adelaide,
the State of Queensland with its capital in Brisbane,
the State of West Australia with its capital in Pert,
the State of Tasmania with its capital in Hobart,
Australian Capital Territory with its Federal Capital in Canberra, Northern Territory with its capital in Darwin.
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Its basic law is the Constitution adopted in 1900 which defines the structure and the method of national government and lists its rights and fields of authority.
Though Australia is now an independent state, according to the Constitution the head of the state is the Monarch of Great Britain, represented by the Governor-General. His duties include assenting to bills, opening, proroguing and dissolving Parliament and commissioning the Prime Minister to form government. Each of six states has a Governor who carries out duties similar to those of the Governor-General.
Australia has a parliamentary system. Legislative power is vested in Federal and states' Parliaments. The Federal Parliament is composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives.
The House of Representatives consists of 125 members elected every three years. The number of members in the House of Representatives is determined on a population basis, with a minimum of five members from each state.
There are 60 Senators, elected for 6-year terms, half of them retiring every three years.
The function of tile Parliament is to make laws and to finance the operation of the government. Australia's Parliament sits in Canberra.
The executive power, which includes Prime Minister and his cabinet, is responsible for administrating and executing the laws. As a result of the election, the leader of the political party which a majority in the House of Representatives, is called on to form a government, end becomes Prime Minister.
Australia has two main political parties the Labour Partу and the conservative Liberal Party, both of which are committee to a multi-racial, multi-cultural and multi-religious society.
Vocabulary notes:
authority - власть
to assent - соглашаться
toprorogue - объявлять перерыв в работе парламента
todissolve - распускать парламент
tocon'mission - поручать, уполномачивать.
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