Составитель Шагун Татьяна Николаевна
ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ФОНЕТИКА
I. Choose among the variants.
1. The system of signs that is regarded as the most important means of human intercourse is….
a) speech;
b) word;
c) language;
d) phonetics.
2. The study of sound as a result of the activities of speech organs is….
a) phonotactics;
b) acoustics;
c) articulatory phonetics;
d) auditory phonetics.
3. Real, material, individualistic are the characteristics of….
a) language;
b) speech;
c) phoneme;
d) syllable.
4. A set of phonetic units arranged in an orderly way to replace each other in a given framework is named….
a) the phonetic system of a language;
b) the phonological system of a language;
c) the rhythmic system of a language;
d) the syllabic system of a language.
5. Vocalic and consonantal subsystems of a language are formed by….
a) prosodic units;
b) supersegmental units;
c) segmental units;
d) intonation groups.
6. Syllables, accentual units, intonation groups, utterances are named as….
a) prosodic units;
b) segmental units;
c) rhythmic units;
d) idiolectal units.
7. The units that serve to form and differentiate units of other subsystems of language are….
a) supersegmental;
b) segmental;
c) prosodic;
d) segmental and prosodic.
8. When the listener and the speaker interpret the sounds as the units of the same language….
a) communication is impossible;
b) sound perception is partially possible;
c) communication is possible;
d) sound perception is impossible.
9. The aspect of sound phenomena that presupposes that speech sounds are the products of human organs of speech is known as….
a) articulatory;
b) acoustic;
c) auditory;
d) linguistic.
10. The aspect of sound phenomena that presupposes that sounds exist in the form of sound waves is known as….
a) articulatory;
b) acoustic;
c) auditory;
d) linguistic.
11. An abstraction from and generalization of existing speech sounds is….
a) a phoneme;
b) an allophone;
c) a syllable;
d) an utterance.
12. The aspect of sound phenomena that analyses speech sounds from the point of view of perception is known as….
a) articulatory;
b) acoustic;
c) auditory;
d) linguistic.
13. The most representative variant of a phoneme is referred to as….
a) free;
b) subsidiary;
c) positional;
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d) principal.
14. Those allophones of a phoneme which are influenced by the neighbouring speech sounds are called ….
a) positional;
b) principal;
c) subsidiary;
d) combinatory.
15. The allophones of a phoneme used in definite positions traditionally are called….
a) positional;
b) principal;
c) subsidiary;
d) combinatory.
16. According to the linguistic aspect sound phenomena perform the following functions….
a) recognitive and constitutive;
b) identificatory, recognitive and constitutive;
c) distinctive, recognitive and constitutive;
d) identificatory, recognitive and distinctive.
17. A purely linguistic branch of phonetics that deals with the functional aspect of sound phenomena is known as….
a) acoustic phonetics;
b) general phonetics;
c) auditory phonetics;
d) phonology.
18. English Phonetics is referred to as….
a) General;
b) Functional;
c) Articulatory;
d) Special.
19. Units that have no a particular lexical or grammatical meaning are….
a) phonetic;
b) phraseological;
c) phrasemic;
d) morphemic.
20. Speech sounds in the articulation of which there is no an obstruction, muscular tension is evenly spread throughout the speech organs, the force of air stream is weak and that are based on voice are called….
a) vowels;
b) consonants;
c) sonants;
d) sonorants.
21. Speech sounds in the articulation of which the air stream is strong are….
a) vowels;
b) consonants;
c) sonants;
d) sonorants.
22. A combination of articulatory tendencies and articulatory habits typical of all native speakers of a given language is….
a) the articulation basis of a language;
b) the perceptive basis of a language;
c) the acoustic basis of a language;
d) the linguistic basis of a language.
23. In comparison with Russian, English voiced consonants are….
a) more energetic;
b) less energetic;
c) equally energetic;
d) back-advanced.
24. According to the vertical movement of the tongue vowels are classified into….
a) rounded and unrounded;
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b) long and short;
c) close, mid, open;
d) tense and lax.
25. According to the degree of muscular tension of speech organs long vowels are….
a) checked;
b) mixed;
c) open;
d) tense.
26. According to the type of obstruction the following consonantal sounds [p], [b], [d] are….
a) occlusive;
b) constrictive;
c) occlusive-constrictive;
d) affricates.
27. According to the place of obstruction the following consonantal sounds [v], [f] are….
a) lingual;
b) mediolingual;
c) labio-dental;
d) bilabial.
28. According to the force of articulation voiceless consonants in the English language are always….
a) lenis;
b) oral;
c) lax;
d) fortis.
29. From the acoustic point of view vowels are referred to as….
a) noises;
b) tones;
c) plosions;
d) frictions.
30. Generally sonorants are attributed to….
a) vowels;
b) consonants;
c) allophones;
d) modernizations of sounds.
31. According to the position of lips English vowels are classified as….
a) rounded and unrounded;
b) close, mid and open;
c) front and back;
d) bilabial and labio-dental.
32. The number of vowel phonemes in English corresponds to….
a) 6;
b) 18;
c) 20;
d) 24.
33. The number of consonantal phonemes in English corresponds to….
a) 20;
b) 24;
c) 35;
d) 40.
34. The number of sonorants in English corresponds to….
a) 5;
b) 6;
c) 7;
d) 8.
35. Preceded by a noise consonant, sonorants are syllabic in….
a) an unstressed final position;
b) a stressed final position;
c) an unstressed initial position;
d) a stressed initial position.
36. Vowels are classified as monophthongs and diphthongs according to….
a) their length;
b) the stability of articulation;
c) the force of articulation;
d) the movement of a tongue.
37. According to the position of a soft palate the sounds [p], [b], [k] are….
a) nasal;
b) oral;
c) dental;
d) lingual.
38. The smallest further indivisible linguistically relevant phonological unit of a given language which serves to distinguish one word from another is….
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a) a phoneme;
b) an allophone;
c) variant of a sound;
d) subsidiary allophone.
39. The phoneme exists independently of the will of the users of any language because it is….
a) material;
b) real;
c) objective;
d) functional.
40. Phonetic variation that is caused by historical tendencies active in certain localities at a certain period of time is….
a) individual;
b) allophonic;
c) diaphonic;
d) idiolectal.
41. The process of adapting the articulation of a consonant to a consonant is referred to as….
a) reduction;
b) assimilation;
c) accommodation;
d) opposition.
42. The pairs of words which differ in one speech sound are called….
a) reduction opposition;
b) zero position;
c) minimal pairs;
d) reduction pairs.
43. Phonetic variation that is caused by the speaker’s age, gender and social status is….
a) idiolectal;
b) diaphonic;
c) allophonic;
d) individual.
44. Modifications of sounds like reduction, accommodation and assimilation are….
a) idiolectal;
b) diaphonic;
c) allophonic;
d) individual.
45. The smallest articulatory and perceptible phonetic unit is….
a) a syllable;
b) a stress;
c) an utterance;
d) a phoneme.
46. The effect of prominence is achieved by preserving the full quality of a vowel in a stressed syllable according to….
a) the dynamic type of a word stress;
b) the qualifying type of a word stress;
c) the qualitative type of a word stress;
d) the quantitative type of a word stress.
47. The number of syllables in a word coincides with chest pulses made during the utterance of a word according to….
a) the prominence theory;
b) the expiratory theory;
c) the theory of muscular tension;
d) the theory of relative sonority.
48. A syllable is characterized by variations in muscular tension according to….
a) Jespersen’s theory;
b) Shcherba’s theory;
c) Borisova’s theory;
d) Sokolova’s theory.
49. The type of a syllable in which a vowel is followed by a consonant is known as….
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a) open;
b) closed;
c) covered;
d) uncovered.
50. The most representative English syllable type is….
a) open;
b) closed;
c) covered;
d) uncovered.
51. A syllable in the structure of which a vowel is preceded by a consonant is called….
a) open;
b) closed;
c) covered;
d) uncovered.
52. Short vowels under stress occur only in….
a) open syllables;
b) closed syllables;
c) covered syllables;
d) uncovered syllables.
53. Triphthongs in English make….
a) one syllable;
b) two syllables;
c) three syllables;
d) four syllables.
54. The peak of a stressed syllable is always….
a) a consonant;
b) a sonant;
c) a vowel;
d) a stress.
55. A syllable differentiates words and word combinations according to….
a) a constitutive function;
b) an identificatory function;
c) a stylistic function;
d) a distinctive function.
56. A shift of a syllabic boundary may cause….
a) misunderstanding on the part of a listener;
b) misunderstanding on the part of a speaker;
c) loss of variation;
d) loss of assimilation.
57. The correlation of degrees of prominence of the syllables in a word forms….
a) the stress pattern of the word;
b) a dynamic accent;
c) a sentence accent;
d) an utterance stress.
58. A constituent part of the phonetic structure of a spoken sentence, source of creating phonetic words is known as….
a) a word-stress;
b) an utterance stress;
c) a sentence stress;
d) a stress pattern.
59. Pronunciation tendencies and the orthoepic norm condition the placement of a word stress according to….
a) a semantic factor;
b) an individual factor;
c) an objective factor;
d) a subjective factor.
60. We single out different types of a word stress according to….
a) the speaker’s intention;
b) the situational context;
c) the stability of its position;
d) the meaning of a word.
61. The effect of prominence is achieved by greater force of articulation of a stressed syllable according to….
a) the dynamic type of a word stress;
b) the tonic type of a word stress;
c) the qualitative type of a word stress;
d) the quantitative type of a word stress.
62. European languages are regarded as having….
a) the dynamic type of a word stress;
b) the tonic type of a word stress;
c) the qualitative type of a word stress;
d) the quantitative type of a word stress.
63. Oriental languages are regarded as having….
a) the dynamic type of a word stress;
b) the tonic type of a word stress;
c) the qualitative type of a word stress;
d) the quantitative type of a word stress.
64. If the main stress is tied to one and the same syllable in each word of a language, it is….
a) free;
b) free constant;
c) free shifting;
d) fixed.
65. We single out a free word stress according to….
a) the stability of its position;
b) the nature of a word stress;
c) the meaning of a word stress;
d) the situational context.
66. English word stress is considered to be….
a) completely unpredictable;
b) dynamic;
c) tonic;
d) of a complex nature.
67. A stress falls on the third syllable from the end of a word according to….
a) the recessive tendency;
b) the retentive tendency;
c) the importance tendency;
d) the rhythmic tendency.
68. According to American linguists a tertiary stress always….
a) precedes a primary stress;
b) follows a primary stress;
c) falls on the third syllable from the end;
d) falls on the third syllable from the beginning.
69. The tendency that affects the stress pattern of a large number of words in Modern English is known as….
a) the recessive tendency;
b) the retentive tendency;
c) the importance tendency;
d) the rhythmic tendency.
70. A word stress moulds syllables into a word by forming its stress pattern according to….
a) distinctive function;
b) a recognitive function;
c) a constitutive function;
d) identificatory function.
71. According to V. Vasiliev phonemes differ from accentemes because the latter are….
a) segmental phonological units;
b) segmental phonetic units;
c) prosodic phonological units;
d) prosodic phonetic units.
72. A constituent feature of the phonetic structure of a word taken in isolation is known as….
a) a word-stress;
b) an utterance stress;
c) a sentence stress;
d) a stress pattern.
73. In a narrow sense intonation is reduced only to one component – ….
a) utterance stress;
b) rhythm;
c) voice timbre;
d) speech melody.
74. The use of two languages in communication is referred to as….
a) duolingvalism;
b) biolingualism;
c) bilingualism;
d) dilingualism.
75. The smallest prosodic unit is….
a) a syllable;
b) a phoneme;
c) intonation;
d) rhythmic group.
76. A stressed syllable with a number of unstressed ones grouped around it is known as….
a) a sense group;
b) an intonation group;
c) a tone group;
d) a rhythmic group.
77. An intonation group is regarded as….
a) a meaningless prosodic unit;
b) a meaningful prosodic unit;
c) a meaningful segmental unit;
d) meaningless segmental unit.
78. An obligatory and the most important functional element of an intonation group is….
a) prehead;
b) head;
c) tail;
d) nucleus.
79. Semantic unity of an utterance is expressed by….
a) lexical means;
b) grammatical means;
c) prosodic means;
d) lexical, grammatical and prosodic means.
80. The function of prosody that helps to define the location of the semantic nuclei of utterances is called….
a) communicative-distinctive;
b) culminative-distinctive;
c) syntactical-distinctive;
d) stylistic-distinctive.
81. The speech continuum is divided into units of different length and hierarchy by means of….
a) tempo;
b) rhythm;
c) pauses;
d) pitch.
82. Interference takes place on….
a) all the levels of language;
b) a phonetic level of language;
c) a grammatical level of language;
d) a lexical level of language.
83. The most stable and widespread type of interference is….
a) prosodic;
b) phonemic;
c) lexical;
d) syntactical.
84. The rate at which utterances and their smaller units are pronounced is named….
a) pitch;
b) melody;
c) rhythm;
d) tempo.
85. The unit that is formed by a group of hyperutterances is referred to as….
a) a rhythmic group;
b) a text;
c) a phonetic paragraph;
d) a tone-group.
86. A stop in the phonation is known as….
a) a pause of perception;
b) a silent pause;
c) a filled pause;
d) a voiced pause.
87. A sharp change of pitch direction or variation in duration produce….
a) a pause of perception;
b) a silent pause;
c) a filled pause;
d) a voiced pause.
88. The tempo of English utterances pronounced by Belarusian learners of English is….
a) higher;
b) slower;
c) quicker;
d) the same.
89. The interval between the highest-pitched and the lowest-pitched syllable in an utterance is known as….
a) pitch pause;
b) pitch line;
c) pitch level;
d) pitch range.
90. The Full Rising tone serves to express….
a) certainty;
b) demand;
c) surprise;
d) order.
91. Hesitation pauses that have usually the quality of a neutral vowel are also known as….
a) pauses of perception;
b) silent;
c) mute;
d) voiced.
92. The standard pronunciation adopted by native speakers as the right way of speaking is….
a) idiolect;
b) speech;
c) dialect;
d) the orthoepic norm.
93. Varieties spoken by a socially limited number of people, used in certain locality are….
a) dialogues;
b) dialects;
c) idiolects;
d) standards.
94. For all centuries and generations the orthoepic norm is….
a) not constant;
b) constant;
c) fixed;
d) permanent.
95. The orthoepic norm of British English is known as….
a) Received Pronunciation;
b) Recessive Pronunciation;
c) Reorganized Pronunciation;
d) Roman Pronunciation.
96. The local dialect used by the less educated in London is known as….
a) Scottish;
b) Cockney;
c) Northern;
d) Southern.
97. The phonetic style used in rapid and careless speech is known as….
a) elevated;
b) neutral;
c) colloquial;
d) full.
98. According to L. Shcherba phonetic styles are classified into….
a) full and neutral;
b) neutral and colloquial;
c) full and colloquial;
d) full and elevated.
99. The function of prosody that helps to define types of utterances (statements, questions, exclamations) is called….
a) communicative-distinctive;
b) culminative-distinctive;
c) syntactical-distinctive;
d) stylistic-distinctive.
100. The function of prosody that helps to unify words into utterances is called….
a) distinctive;
b) culminative;
c) constitutive;
d) stylistic.
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