Образец выполнения упр.6
Canadian companies are increasingly playing important roles in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
Canadian companies aren’t increasingly playing important roles in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
Are Canadian companies increasingly playing important roles in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa?
Where are Canadian companies increasingly playing important roles?
The chemical industry of the UK produces the high quality products.
The chemical industry of the UK doesn’t produce the high quality products.
Does the chemical industry of the UK produce the high quality products?
What does the chemical industry of the UK produce?
Вариант 2
Economy of the United States
The economy of the United States is the largest national economy in the world. Its GDP 1 was estimated as $13.8 trillion in 2007. The U.S. economy maintains a high level of output per person (GDP per capita 2, $46,000 in 2007, it is ranked at around number ten in the world). The U.S. economy maintained a stable overall GDP growth rate, a low unemployment rate, and high levels of research and capital investment. In 2008, seventy-two percent of the economic activity in the U.S. came from consumers.
Major economic concerns in the U.S. include national debt, external debt, entitlement liabilities for retiring baby boomers 3 who are already withdrawing from their Social Security accounts, corporate debt, mortgage debt, a low savings rate, house prices, which are constantly falling and a large current account deficit. As of 4 June 2008, the gross U.S. external debt was over $13 trillion, the most external debt of all countries in the world.
In 2006, the U.S economy had its lowest saving rate since 1933. These issues raised concerns among economists and national politicians.
The U.S. economy maintains a relatively high GDP per capita, and a low unemployment rate. It is making the USA attractive to immigrants worldwide.
A central feature of the U.S. economy is a reliance on private decision-making ("economic freedom") in economic decision-making. This is enhanced by relatively low levels of regulation, taxation, and government involvement. Besides there is a court system that generally protects property rights and enforces contracts.
The United States is rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, and it is fortunate to have a moderate climate. There are also extensive coastlines on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as on the Gulf of Mexico. Rivers flow from far within the continent, and the Great Lakes—five large, inland lakes along the U.S. border with Canada—provide additional shipping access. These extensive waterways helped shape the country's economic growth over the years and helped bind America's 50 individual states together in a single economic unit.
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The number of available workers and, more importantly, their productivity help determine the health of the U.S. economy. Throughout its history, there was a steady growth in the labor force in the USA. This phenomenon caused almost constant economic expansion. Until shortly after World War I, most workers were immigrants from Europe, their immediate descendants, or African Americans who were mostly slaves taken from Africa, or slave descendants. In the early 20th century, many Latin Americans and large numbers of Asians immigrated; they followed removal of immigration quotas. The promise of high wages brings many workers from around the world to the United States.
Labor mobility also was important to the capacity of the American economy. When immigrants flooded labor markets on the East Coast, many workers moved inland, often for farming. Similarly, economic opportunities in industrial, northern cities were to attract black Americans from southern farms in the first half of the 20th century.
Notes:
1. GDP = Gross Domestic Product - валовый внутренний продукт (ВВП)
2. per capita – на душу населения
3. baby boomers – многодетные родители
4. as of – по состоянию на
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