Виноградов Гальперин Скребнев
Stylistics studies the principals, the effect of choice and usage of different language elements in rendering thoughts and emotions under different conditions of communication.
According to Galperin stylistics deals with a lot of issues (fields of investigation, objects). He emphasizes that one of them can’t be singled out. They are:
1. The esthetic function of language. By this we mean an inherent part of works of art (for example, poetry). But the esthetic function of language leaves out works of science, diplomatic and commercial correspondence, technical instructions and many other types of text.
2. Expressive means of language. They are employed in spheres of speech aimed to express. There are also fiction, oratory and, to some extent, newspaper style.
3. Stylistic devices. They can be found in any style, forming a combination of features peculiar to it.
Stylistic devices are abstract patterns, but expressive means are concrete facts that exist in the language. Stylistic devices exist only in speech. The result can be seen in a text.
4. Synonymous ways of rendering one and the same idea. They exist due to the possibility of choice, the possibility of using different words in analogous situations in which styles are formed.
5. Splitting of the literary language into different systems - functional styles. The term functional style is traditional for the Russian language. In English literature they are called registers. A functional style is a variety of language which is singled out on the basis of a definite aim of communication.
6. The individual manner of an author in making use of a language.
So, we can say that each of the characteristics contains just some information on style and stylistics. But none of them taken in isolation is totally acceptable. Thus, the object of stylistics is multidimensional. It includes all of the characteristics mentioned above. The aim of stylistics is to study and investigate the object in its totality.
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