THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE OF THE USA
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
I would like to give a talk about environmental problems.
Well, nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environmental problems that endanger people’s lives.
As you know, the word environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town environment; for others, then- environment is the countryside. But the air we breathe, the soil6 on which we stand and walk, the water we drink are all part of the environment.
Let’s name the most serious environmental problems are:
• pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution);
• noise from cars, buses, planes, etc.;
• destruction of wildlife and the beauty of the countryside;
• shortage of natural resources (metals, different kinds offuel;
As to the water pollution, there is no ocean or sea which is not used as n dump. Many seas are used for dumping industrial arid nuclear waste. “Nuclear-poisoned” fish can be eaten by people. Many rivers and lakes are poisoned too. Fish and reptiles can’t live in them. If people drink this water they can die too.
More and more often people are told not to spend too much time in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. There are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution.
So, both clean air and clean water are necessary for our health. If people want to survive they must solve these problems quickly. That’s why people all over the world think and speak so much about ecology.
ENGLAND
I would like to give a talk about England and its regions.
It’s hard to believe, the United Kingdom is very small but in Great Britain one can find practically any type of scenery. However, when you travel about the country you can see how the scenery changes right in front of your eyes. Highlands turn into lowlands, forests and hills turn into meadows and plains very quickly.
Well, England is the largest part of the UK, its regions: the Southeast, the Southwest, East Anglia, the Midlands and the North of England.The Southeast is a highly populated region of England. London, Windsor, Dover and Brighton are situated here. Heathrow Airport is one of the world’s busiest airports is about 33 km west of central London. The County of Kent situated here is known as the garden of England. The Southeast is famous for its resorts, Brighton is, probably, the best known of them.
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As to the Southwest, it is the region where the main activity is farming. Although there are some very big farms, most of them are small family farms. The Southwest used to be known for its pirates. The two principal cities of the region are Bristol and Bath. If you want to see the famous Stonehenge, you should also come here. The most westerly point of Great Britain “Land’s End” is also in the Southwest.
It is known that East Anglia is very flat. It has beautiful cities, such as Cambridge. The part of East Anglia called the Fens consists of miles of flat land.Oliver Cromwell, an English general and politician who was leader of the army against King Charles I in the Civil War. East Anglia is isolated from the rest of Britain because of its position away from the main national roads and because of its shape: it is more than half surrounded by the sea.
The Midlands is the largest industrial part in the country. The most important industrial cities are Manchester, Sheffield, Liverpool, which is one of Britain’s big ports, and Birmingham. The two famous Midlands cities, Stratford-upon-Avon and Oxford are connected with English culture: Stratford is the birth place of the great William Shakespeare and Oxford is famous for its university.
The North of England has some of the wildest and loneliest parts of the country. Here you can find deep valleys, rivers and waterfalls, hills and mountains. The main attraction of the North of England is certainly the Lake District. Many tourists come over especially to look at the ruins of Hadrian’s Wall, a stone wall built across the North of England by the order of the Roman ruler Hadrian to defend the Northern border of Roman Britain from the Scottish tribes.
So, that’s all I wanted to say.
ROYAL LONDON
I would like to give a talk about royal places in London.
Well, many places in London are closely connected with the Crown. There are royal palaces, royal parks, roads and streets where beautiful ceremonies are held. The most important building is Buckingham Palace, the official residence of Queen Elizabeth II.
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All together there are ten royal parks in and around London which are owned by the Crown. They are open to the public free of charge. Hyde Park, for example, used to be a hunting forest. As well as Regent’s Park that was also a hunting place, but now it is home for London’s Zoo.
It is known that the Royal Family has always played a very important role inthe history of Britain.There were certain Kings and Queens whose names are specially remembered in the country and are well-known in the whole world. One of them was King Henry VIII. Most people remember him only becausehe had six wives. But in fact he was a very important monarch. Under him Britain became independent of the Roman Catholic Church, it got richer and more powerful.Henry’s daughter, Elizabeth became the Queen in 1558. She never married,and is remembered as avery popular and strong queen. During herreign England became very important in European politics, the Spanish Armada was defeated, arts and especially the theatre developed, and the country became very powerful. Another strong queen was Queen Victoria. She ruled for the longest period in the English history, for 64 years! Victoria married a German, Prince Albert, but he died at the age of forty-two in 1861. That was a great tragedy for Queen Victoria. She left London and never lived in the city where she had been so happy with her husband and nine children. During her reign Britain became a rich industrial country with developed trade, an empire with a lot of colonies.
Of course there are places in London that remind us of their love. One of them is the Royal Albert Hall — a very large concert hall where the best musicians of the world perform classical music. Another place is the Victoria and Albert Museum with its rich collections of paintings.
Queen Victoria’s great-great-granddaughter, Elizabeth II, is on the British throne now.
So, that’s all I wanted to say.
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
I would like to give a talk about William Shakespeare.
Well, William Shakespeare was born to John and Mary Shakespeare On April 23, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. His mother was the daughter of a farmer. His father was a glove-maker.
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As to his early years, William went to a grammar school in Stratford and had quite a good education. There he learned to love reading.While still a teenager, William married Anne Hathaway, a farmer’s daughter some years older than himself. During these years his three children were born: Susannah, the eldest then twins — a son, Hamnet, and another girl, Judith.
It is known that, in 1587 Shakespeare went to work in London. In London Shakespeare began to act and to write plays and soon became an important member of a well-known acting company. Most of his plays were performed in the new Globe Theatre built on the bank of the River Thames. In 1616hestopped writing and went to live in Stratford where he died.
So, William Shakespeare is known all over the world because hundred years later his plays are still acted not only in England but in the whole world.
That’s all I wanted to say.
SCOTLAND
I would like to give a talk about Scotland.
It is known that Scotland is a country in the United Kingdom to the north of England. The country is divided into Highlands and Lowlands.
As to the Scottish cities, Glasgow is its largest and busiest town, Edinburgh is its capital. Glasgow is the heart of industry. It is a center of business and trade. Edinburgh is rather cold but attractive.
Well, the most interesting parts of the city are the Old Town and the New Town. The Old Town lies between the Castle and Holyrood Palace. The Castle, in fact, is older than the city. It used to be a fortress and then a royal palace. It is not surprising that the Castle attracts a lot of tourists.Also, the famous procession is the Edinburgh military tattoo takes place every August September, and is known throughout the world. The performers play military music and march to it. Other attractions are:Holyrood House is a big royal palace,which is the residence of the Queen when she is in Edinburgh, and the Royal Mile (a line of streets, which runs from the Castle to Holyrood House).
One of the most modest and yet one of the best known monuments in Edinburgh is a monument to a dog called Bobby. The dog belonged to John Gray. When he died Bobby lived near his grave for twenty-six years. His statue in the Old Town has become a symbol of devotion. The Scott Monument is connected with the name of the famous writer, Sir Walter Scott. A monument 200 feet high rises among green trees. They call it a poem of stone. Inside it there is a marble1 statue of the writer, and of his favourite dog.
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So, one day I would like to visit Scotland.
WALES
I would like to give a talk about Scotland.
Though visitors don’t need passports to cross the border from England into Wales, they soon realize thatthey are entering a country with its own geography, culture, traditions and language.
Well, the Welsh speak English but the Welsh language is spoken widely. By the way English is taught side by side with Welsh in schools. Welshis different from English because it is one of the Celtic languages. Even if your English is fluent you won’t be able to understand Welsh.
It is known that Wales is agricultural, there are few cities. Cardiff is the capital and the main port.There are other big towns in Wales too, Swansea and Newport among them. The west coast, mid Wales and North Wales are wild and beautiful. Wales has high mountains, including Snowdon, the second highest mountain in Britain, Mount Snowdon.
In summer, when the sun isshining, Snowdon looks very peaceful and beautiful. A little train runs to the top and the walk is not at all hard. But in winter the mountains can become very dangerous.
So, one day I would like to visit Wales.
THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE OF THE USA
I would like to give a talk aboutthe country and people of the USA.
It is known that there are more than fifty states in the United States of America. Two of these states, Alaska and Hawaii, are not connected to the other states. The US is washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west, by the Atlantic ocean in the east, by the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico in the south. In the north are Great Lakes.
Well,the US has many kinds of land — rocky coasts, dry empty deserts, big rivers, wide plains and grasslands, lakes of all sizes, high mountains, great forests, sunny beaches, lands of endless winter.More than 250 million people live in the US. But the Country is very big, so there is still a lot of open space and natural scenery outside the cities where 'you can enjoy the beauty, and power of wild America. The Grand Canyon, Yosemite Valley, and Yellowstone are among the most famous national parks. Many rivers cross the United States. The greatest is the mighty Mississippi, the Colorado and the Missouri.
In fact the Grand Canyon is one of the main America’s tourists attractions.The Colorado River formed the Grand Canyon over millions of years. It is one mile deep and 320 km long. The canyon looks different at different times of day, and in different seasons and weather. At sunrise and sunset the red, gold, brown, [and orange colours of the rocks are especially clear and bright.
Indeed, the people of the United States are a mixture of many different nationalities. The United States is like a melting pot for people. In the past, people from many different European countries came to the US and made one country out of many. In one city you can find people whose parents, grandparents or great-grandparents came from China, [Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, and every Europeancountry.
So, one day I want to visit the USA.
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