Ex.4. Before reading the text make sure you understand the following terms:
Read the text and translate it, using a dictionary, if necessary.
Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are mobile robots used to transport goods around large facilities, such as warehouses, container ports, or hospitals. They follow markers or wires in the floor and use vision or lasers.
The first AGV was brought to market in the 1950s by Barrett Electronics of Northbrook, Illinois. Early AGV-style robots were limited to rather simple and repetitive tasks. Very little feedback or intelligence was required, therefore the robots needed only the most basic sensors. The limitations of these AGVs are that their paths are not easily altered and they cannot alter their paths if obstacles block them. If one AGV breaks down, it may stop the entire operation.
Over the years the technology has become more sophisticated and today automated vehicles are mainly laser navigated*, e.g. LGV (Laser Guided Vehicle). In an automated process, LGVs are programmed to communicate with other robots to guarantee product is moved smoothly through the warehouse, whether it is being stored for future use or sent directly to shipping areas. Today, the LGV plays an important role in the design of new factories and warehouses, safely moving goods to their rightful destinations.
Newer AGVs are designed for people-friendly workspaces. They navigate by recognizing natural features**. 3D scanners or other means of sensing the environment in two or three dimensions help to eliminate errors in dead-reckoning calculations of the AGV’s current position. Some AGVs are able to operate in complex environments and perform non-repetitive and non-sequential tasks such as transporting medications (drugs) in hospitals and goods in warehouses. For warehouses full of pallets AGVs require additional abilities. Only a few vision-guided robots currently are able to navigate reliably in such environments.
Note s : *laser navigated - управляемые с помощью лазера;
** natural features - зд .: обычные предметы.
Ex. 4. Choose the right alternative and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Automated guided vehicles are used to transport (people / goods / warehouses) around large facilities.
2. The first AGVs were (introduced / brought / bought) to market in the 1950s.
3. Early AGV-Style Robots performed only very (small / easy / heavy) tasks.
4. Early automated guided vehicles needed only the most basic sensors because very little (obstacle / limitation / intelligence) was required.
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5. Early AGVs were not able to alter their (paths / sensors / pallets) if obstacles block them.
6. Over the years the technology has become more (navigated / sophisticated / calculated).
7. Newer AGVs navigate by (recognizing / remembering / rebuilding) natural features.
8. Some AGVs are able to perform non-repetitive tasks such as transporting drugs in (schools / warehouses / hospitals).
Ex.5. In each sentence there is one wrong word. Choose the wrong word and write the correct one.
1. Modern automated guided vehicles are designed for animal-friendly environments.
2. 3-dimensional skippers help to calculate the AGV's current position.
3. Some AGVs are able to carry out non-repetitive and non-sequential equations, for example transporting drugs in hospitals and goods in warehouses.
4. Operating in warehouses full of pillows is extremely difficult even for modern automated guided vehicles.
5. In complex environments subtractional strategies are required.
6. Only a few eye-guided robots can navigate reliably in warehouses full of pallets.
Это вся лексика, которую нужно выучить !!!
Ex. 1. Copy and memorize the following terms.
| Glossary: |
| batch - партия (товара, продукции) ; серия (изделий) cam - кулачок changeover - перенастройка, переналадка (оборудования) off-line - автономный режим работы; вне станка; вне цеха production rate - производительность; объём выпуска programmable automation - автоматизация средствами ЧПУ |
Ex. 2. Match the terms in column A with their Russian equivalents in column B.
| A | B |
1.  numerical-control (NC) machine tool
| a) гибкая автоматизация (с возможностью перепрограммирования) |
| 2. flexible automation | b) электропроводка |
| 3. fixed automation | c) объём партии (обрабатываемых деталей) |
| 4. manufacturing automation | d) сборочный автомат |
| 5. manufacturing application | e) станок с ЧПУ |
| 6. automatic assembly machine | f) жёсткая автоматизация, автоматизация механическими средствами |
| 7. batch quantity | g) применение в производстве |
| 8. wiring | h) автоматизация производства |
Ex. 1. Copy and memorize the following terms.
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| Glossary: |
| (component-)insertion machine - сборочная машина machine tool industry - машиностроение, станкостроение to machine - обрабатывать |
Ex.4. Before reading the text make sure you understand the following terms:
punched paper tape, storage medium, controller, operating principle, semiconductor chip modules, product-design database, printed circuit board.
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