Задание 1. Письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Составьте словарь по прочитанному.
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
По выполнению домашней контрольной работы по дисциплине
«Иностранный язык (английский)»
Направленность (профиль) образовательной программы
Общеправовая подготовка
Направление подготовки
40.03.01 Юриспруденция
Для очно-заочной и заочной форм обучения
Челябинск 2021
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
1. Введение. 3
2. Методические рекомендации по выполнению контрольной работы.. 3
3. Задания для домашних контрольных работ. 5
Список литературы.. 34
Введение
Целью домашних контрольных работ по учебной дисциплине «Иностранный язык (английский)» является овладение студентами лингвистическими и лингвострановедческими знаниями, как общего характера, так и профессионально-ориентированными, а также закрепление и совершенствование основных навыков и умений речевой деятельности.
Перечень планируемых результатов обучения по дисциплине указан в рабочей программе дисциплины.
Методические рекомендации по выполнению контрольной работы
Каждый студент должен выполнить контрольную работу в установленные сроки. Контрольная работа предлагается в 2 вариантах.
Студенту необходимо выбрать свой вариант контрольной работы по таблице определения вариантов домашних контрольных работ.
Таблица 1 – Таблица соотношения начальной буквы фамилии студента и варианта контрольных заданий
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| Начальная буква фамилии | Вариант задания |
| А, Е, Л | Первый |
| Р, Х, Э | Второй |
| Б, Ж, М | Первый |
| С, Ц, Ю | Второй |
| В, З, Н | Первый |
| Т, Ч | Второй |
| Г, И, О | Первый |
| У, Ш | Второй |
| Д, К, П | Первый |
| Ф, Щ, Я | Второй |
Выполнять контрольную работу следует в печатном виде.
Контрольные задания должны быть выполнены в той последовательности, в которой они даны в контрольной работе.
Задание под * является повышенной сложности. Обязательно для выполнения и повышает
Прежде чем выполнять контрольные задания, проработайте следующие разделы:
1. Порядок слов в английском предложении.
2. Спряжение глагола «to be», «to have».
3. Определенный и неопределенный артикли. Нулевой артикль.
4. Предлоги и предложные конструкции.
5. Личные и притяжательные местоимения (совмещенная и абсолютная форма).
6. Наречия образа действия (adverbs of manner).
7. Неопределённые местоимения some/any/no и их производные.
8. Количественные местоимения «little/few» и местоимения выражения «a little/ a few».
9. Количественные и порядковые числительные. Написание дат.
10. Собирательные существительные (collective nouns).
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11. Степени сравнения имен прилагательных.
12. Времена группы «Simple», «Continuous», «Perfect».
13. Формы выражения будущего времени
14. Времена группы «Perfect Continuous» активного залога
15. Страдательный (пассивный) залог.
16. Отрицательные и вопросительные предложения. Типы вопросительных предложений
17. Сослагательное наклонение. Конструкции «I wish/If only…».
18. Сложное дополнение (Complex Object) и сложное подлежащие (Complex Subject).
19. Британский и Американский английский: различия в словах.
20. Приставки и суффиксы. Словообразование. (Suffixes and prefixes).
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА
Вариант 1
Задание 1. Письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Составьте словарь по прочитанному.
Civil Cases
Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies, and other organizations. Most often, the party bringing the suit is asking for money damages for some wrong that has been done. For example, a tenant may sue a landlord for failure to fix a leaky roof, or a landlord may sue a tenant for failure to pay rent. People who have been injured may sue a person or a company they feel is responsible for the injury.
The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff; the party being sued is called the defendant. There may be many plaintiffs or many defendants in the same case.
The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is stated. The next paper filed is usually the answer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint. The defendant may also feel that there has been a wrong committed by the plaintiff, in which case a counterclaim will be filed along with the answer. It is up to the plaintiff to prove the case against the defendant. In each civil case the judge tells the jury the extent to which the plaintiff must prove the case. This is called the plaintiff’s burden of proof, a burden that the plaintiff must meet in order to win. In most civil cases the plaintiff’s burden is to prove the case by a preponderance of evidence, that is, that the plaintiff’s version of what happened in the case is more probably true than not true.
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Jury verdicts do not need to be unanimous in civil cases. Only 10 jurors need to agree upon a verdict if there are 12 jurors: five must agree if there are six jurors.
Criminal Cases
A criminal case is brought by the state or by a city or county against a person or persons accused of having committed a crime. The state, city, or county is called the plaintiff; the accused person is called the defendant. The charge against the defendant is called an information or a complaint. The defendant has pleaded not guilty and you should presume the defendant’s innocence throughout the entire trial unless the plaintiff proves the defendant guilty. The plaintiff’s burden of proof is greater in criminal case than in a civil case. In each criminal case you hear the judge will tell you all the elements of the crime that the plaintiff must prove; the plaintiff must prove each of these elements beyond reasonable doubt before the defendant can be found guilty.
In criminal cases the verdict must be unanimous, that is, all jurors must agree that the defendant is guilty in order to overcome the presumption of innocence.
Задание 2. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
1. заявление об обвинении 10. наличие более веских доказательств
2. элемент (состава) преступления 11. возражения ответчика по делу
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3. презумпция невиновности 12. ответчик
4. показания (2) 13. встречный иск
5. истец 14. бремя доказывания
6. судебное разбирательство (3) 15. ответственность за ущерб
7. частные лица 16. подать иск /возбудить дело
8. денежная компенсация ущерба 17. заслушать показания
9. единогласное решение присяжных 18. заявить о своей невиновности
Задание 3. Fill each gap with a suitable collective noun.
1. There are ______ of mosquitoes in the forests in Scandinavia in the summer.
2. As we looked over the side of the boat, we saw a __________ of brightly coloured fish.
3. There was a ___________ of youths standing on the corner; they didn’t look very friendly.
4. You’ll see a ___________ of cards on the bookshelf. Will you fetch them for me, please?
5. A t___________ of biologists is studying marine life in this area.
6. Look at thet __________ of birds on that tree. Both of them have beautiful markings. I wonder what they are?
7. Could you put a ___________ of spoons of sugar in this coffee for me, please? It’s very bitter. Yes, just two, that’s fine. Thanks.
Задание 4. Match idioms in A with their definitions in B.
| A | B |
| 1. When someone is behind bars, 2. If someone is in the dock, 3. If someone is on the case, 4. When someone is serving time, 5. If people take no prisoners, 6. If people are as thick as thieves, 7. If someone is a cat burglar, 8. If someone makes a killing, 9. If someone is making big bucks, | a) they are on a trial in court. b) they do things in a very aggressive way. c) they are in prison. (2) d) they are very close friends. e) they are skillful thieves who break into places without disturbing people. f) they’re dealing with a problem. g) they are making a lot of money. h) they do something once that makes them a lot of money. |
Задание 5. Complete each of these idioms with a preposition.
1. It’s wrong to take the law __________ your own hands.
2. It’s time I laid __________ the law and made them do their duty.
3. I would not want to be ___________ the receiving end of his bad temper. (give two answers).
4. Old Bob seems to have become a law ___________ himself at work. He does just what he likes.
5. Nobody tells you what to do. You’re just left ___________ your own devices.
Задание 6. Amy is writing a blog for her friends and family as she travels around Australia. Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous of the verbs in the box to complete the extract.
In 1-10 use:
| arrive feel (2) get go know spend text wait write |
In 11-20 use:
| ask complain enjoy get (not) get on hear look (2) seem start |
I (1) __________ this blog in a hotel room in Perth. I (2) _______ here a couple of hours ago after a long coach journey from Adelaide. I (3) _______ pretty tired so this will only be a short post before I (4) ________ to sleep. As you (5) ________, I (6) ____________ last week in Adelaide with Ruby. I (7) __________ her a month or so ago to tell her when I would be arriving, and she (8) _________ at the airport for me when I (9) _________ there. For the first few days I (10) _________ quite jet-lagged, but I soon (11) ___________ over that after a few days of lazing around on the beach. Ruby (12) _________ living in Adelaide a lot, although she (13) ___________ for a new job just now. It (14) ________ that she (15) _________ very well with her colleagues. Apparently they constantly (16) __________ about the working conditions and it (17) __________ to annoy Ruby. She (18) ___________ me to pass on her best wishes to all her old friends. So now I (19) ___________ forward to exploring Perth. I (20) ___________ it’s a wonderful place. I’ll post again soon.
Amy
Задание 7. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
1. What I appreciate most about my grandfather is his wisdom. His advice is always __________ and ___________. (SENSE) (HELP)
2. Never go to Sue with a serious problem. She’s very ___________ and totally ___________ to other people’s feelings. (MATURE) (SENSE)
3. I think that boxong is a ___________ sport. What is the point of trying to hit another person until they are ____________? (SENSE) (CONSCIOUS)
4. What I like about Tom is his jokes. They make me ___________ with laughter. (HELP)
5. We’d been walking along the ___________ railway track for hours before we realized that the map was out-of-date and ___________. (USE) (USE)
6. The only thing poverty leads to is ___________ and ____________. (HAPPY) (LITERATURE)
7. My aunt isn’t fond of today’s children. She thinks that they are all ___________ and ___________. (POLITE) (RESPECT)
8. The pleasure that reading brings is __________. (MEASURE)
Задание 8. Match a phrasal verb in A with a definition in B.
| A | B |
| show off find out doze off hold on speak up set off blow up settle down turn up own up cheer up go out shut up stay in | admit responsibility have a calmer, more stable life explode be quiet discover be happier not go out, stay at home stop burning arrive wait boast fall aslep talk louder begin a journey |
Задание 9. Put the correct preposition into each gap.
1. Are you afraid __________ the dark?
2. She was angry __________ me ___________ not telling her the news.
3. Canterbury is famous ___________ its cathedral.
4. Bill is jealous ___________ me because I’m cleverer than him.
5. I’m very proud __________ my two daughters.
6. I’m disappointed __________ you. I thought I could trust you.
7. You’re very different _____________ your brother. I thought I could trust you.
8. Are you excited ____________ going on holiday?
9. Visitors to Britain aren’t used _____________ driving on the left.
10. Visitors to hot countries need to be aware __________ the risk of malaria.
11. You should be ashamed ____________ what you did.
12. I am most grateful ___________ all your help.
13. Who is responsible ___________ this mess?
14. My son is crazy ___________ a pop group called Hanson.
15. What’s wrong ____________ you? You don’t look well.
Задание 10* [1] Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. The play was so good that she went back to see it again.
It __________________________________________________.
2. Nelly and I haven’t seen each other for two years.
It’s two _____________________________________________.
3. Although she had terrible pains in her legs, Ann climbed the mountain.
In spite of ____________________________________________.
4. You’re allowed to eat at the restaurant without wearing a tie.
You don’t _____________________________________________.
5. I’m not going to go to the dance because I haven’t got a partner.
If I ___________________________________________________.
6. It wasn’t possible for them to get home because of the floods.
The floods _____________________________________________.
7. She finds it strange to stay at home all day.
She is not used __________________________________________.
8. I go to the dentist less often than I should.
I don’t _________________________________________________.
9. I regret not keeping in touch with her.
I wish _________________________________________________.
10. ‘I’m sorry I broke the vase,’ Michael said to his neighbour.
Michael apologized _______________________________________.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА
Вариант 2
Задание 1. Письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Составьте словарь по прочитанному.
Criminal law
Criminal law, sometimes (although rarely) called penal law, involves the prosecution by the state of a person for an act that has been classified as a crime. This contrasts with civil law, which involves private individuals and organisations seeking to resolve legal disputes. Prosecutions are initiated by the state through a prosecutor, while in a civil case the victim brings the suit. Some jurisdictions also allow private criminal prosecutions.
Depending on the offence and the jurisdiction, various punishments are available to the courts to punish an offender. A court may sentence an offender to execution, corporal punishment or loss of liberty (imprisonment or incarceration); suspend the sentence; impose a fine; put the offender under government supervision through parole or probation; or place them on a community service order.
Criminal law commonly proscribes – that is, it prohibits – several categories of offences: offences against the person (e.g. assault), offences against property (e.g. burglary), public-order crimes (e.g. prostitution) and business, or corporate, crimes (e.g. insider dealing).
Most crimes (with the exception of strict liability crimes such as statutory rape and certain traffic offences) are characterized by two elements: a criminal act (actus reus) and criminal intent (mens rea). To secure a conviction, prosecutors must prove that both actus reus and mens rea were present when a particular crime was committed.
In criminal cases, the burden of proof is often on the prosecutor to persuade the trier (whether judge or jury) that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of every element of the crime charged. If the prosecutor fails to prove this, a verdict of not guilty is rendered. This standard of proof contrasts with civil cases, where the claimant generally needs to show a defendant is liable on the balance of probabilities (more than 50% probable). In the USA, this is referred to as the preponderance of the evidence.
Some jurisdictions distinguish between felonies (more serious offences, such as rape) and misdemeanours (less serious offences, such as petty theft). It is also worth noting that the same incident may sometimes lead to both a criminal prosecution and an action in tort.
Задание 2. Match the verbs (1-6) with the nouns they collocate with in the text (a-f)
1. commit a. a suit
2. resolve b. an offender
3. bring c. a verdict
4. render d. a crime
5. sentence e. a sentence
6. suspend f. a dispute
Задание 3. Draw a line from the left-hand column to the right-hand column.
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | a clump of a range of a gang of a swarm of a row of a heap of a herd of | houses flies fir-trees elephants bed-linen mountains schoolkids |
Задание 4. Correct the mistakes in these idioms.
1. It’s a lovely present. Thanks a thousand.
2. You won’t find it difficult to learn to ski. There’s really nothing to that.
3. It’s either here or there which hotel you decide to stay in – they’re both excellent.
4. Let’s have a really big wedding. The more, the merry.
5. You may say that again! I couldn’t agree with you more!
6. He’s travelled a lot. You say it, he’s been there.
Задание 5. Match the British English words in A with their American English equivalents.
| A | B |
| 1. flat 2. mark 3. banknote 4. pavement 5. petrol 6. plaster 7. pram 8. revise 9. stag night 10. ugly 11. autumn 12. ill | a. sidewalk b. review c. homely d. grade e. gas f. bill g. band-aid h. bachelor party i. baby carriage j. apartment k. sick l. fall |
Задание 6. Complete the sentences with will(’ll) or be going to and an appropriate verb. If both will and be going to are possible, write them both.
- If you want me to, I __________ how the equipment works.
- If you want to help us, we __________ these trees at the bottom of the garde.
- You __________ your back if you try to lift that box.
- If I give you the money ___________ you _________ me some oranges when you’re out?
- If you press the red button, the machine ______________.
- I ___________ Laura this weekend, if you’d like to come too.
- He’s been told that if he’s late once more he __________.
- If you listen carefully, you __________ an owl in the trees over there.
Задание 7. Match the terms to their definitions:
| 1. capacity | a) sure that you can do something or deal with a situation successfully |
| 2. confident of | b) to expect that something will happen and make it part of your plans |
| 3. consideration | c) an order given by a court of law that someone must do or must not do something |
| 4. bargain-for | d) to agree on terms |
| 5. contradict | e) to abstain (from action) |
| 6. court-ordered | f) to prove or see to be just or valid; vindicate |
| 7. infer | g) a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way |
| 8. strike a bargain | h) a formal or solemn promise or agreement, esp to do or refrain from doing something. |
| 9. induce | i) to persuade or use influence on; to make someone decide to do something |
| 10. refrain | j) to conclude (a state of affairs, supposition, etc.) by reasoning from evidence; deduce |
| 11. pledge | k) to affirm the opposite of (a proposition, statement, etc.) |
| 12. justify | l) cause, motive, price or impelling motive which induces one party to enter into an agreement |
| 13. commitment | m) someone’s ability to do something; someone’s job, position or duty |
Задание 8. Match a phrasal verb in A with a definition in B. Careful! There may be several possibilities, but there is usually one answer that is best.
| A | B |
| come up with beat up break into break off bring out bring up clear out count on deal with drop out of fit in with look up to point out take back tell off | a cupboard and throw out what you don’t want a naughty child an old man, a victim of a crime a problem, a complaint, a difficult customer the other people in the group a university course after one year someone you respect a new idea, a plan your best friend to help you children to be honest and hard-working a house, a flat, to steal something a fact that someone might not be aware of what I said – I didn’t mean it a relationship, an engagement a new product on the market |
Задание 9 Put a verb in its correct form and a preposition into the gaps.
| Verb | Preposition | |||
| thank forgive brainwash congratulate compensate | forgive hide hold inherit insure | invest invite model remind shout | against at for from in | into of on to |
1. You __________ me so much _______________________ your father. You look just like him.
2. We are going to __________________ all our money ___________ stocks and shares.
3. We have ____________ our car ___________ fire and theft.
4. Everyone _____________ me ___________ passing my driving test at the fourth attempt.
5. She ___________ by the insurance company ___________ the injuries she received in the car crash.
6. My teenage daughter always ___________ herself __________ her latest pop idol. She’s just had a ring put through her nose, just like him.
7. Don’t ____________ the truth ___________ me. I want to know everything.
8. He picked up the crying baby and ___________ her tightly ___________ his chest.
9. We’ve ____________ 300 guests ____________ our wedding.
10. I think that TV advertising __________ people ___________ buying things that they don’t really want.
11. I didn’t ___________ a penny ___________ my great uncle when he died.
12. The spectators ___________ abuse ___________ the referee when he disallowed the goal.
13. How can I ever ____________ him ___________ telling me all those lies?
14. I ____________ by my employers __________ stealing, which I denied strongly.
Задание 10[2]* Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
1. Sarah began playing tennis three years ago.
Sarah has _________________________________________.
2. We haven’t visited the museum before.
This is ____________________________________________.
3. ‘I can’t refund your money without a receipt,’ said the shop assistant.
The shop assistant ____________________________________.
4. The robber forced the cashier to hand over the money.
Tha cashier __________________________________________.
5. We are not likely to move into our new flat this month.
It is _________________________________________________.
6. You remembered to telephone your parents, didn’t you?
You didn’t ___________________________________________.
7. Paul missed the train because he woke up late.
If Paul ______________________________________________.
8. The garage serviced Mr Taylor’s car last week.
Mr Taylor ____________________________________________.
9. Although he was injured, he managed to finish the race.
In spite of ____________________________________________.
10. I had a lot of questions, but I was afraid to ask them.
Although _____________________________________________.
Список литературы
представлен в рабочей программе дисциплины «Иностранный язык».
* задание повышенной сложности. Обязательно к выполнению.
* задание повышенной сложности. Обязательно к выполнению
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