Overthrow of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali ; Ben Ali flees into exile in Saudi Arabia
· Resignation of Prime Minister Ghannouchi[129]
· Dissolution of the political police[130]
· Dissolution of the RCD, the former ruling party of Tunisia and liquidation of its assets[131]
· Release of political prisoners[132]
· Elections to a Constituent Assembly on 23 October 2011[133]
Who is Mohamed Bouazizi?
Tarek el-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi (Arabic: طارق الطيب محمد البوعزيزي; 29 March 1984 – 4 January 2011) was a Tunisian street vendor who set himself on fire on 17 December 2010, which became a catalyst for the Tunisian Revolution and the wider Arab Spring against autocratic regimes.
Which country’s uprising was called the Jasmine revolution?
The Tunisian Revolution, also called the Jasmine Revolution, was an intensive 28-day campaign of civil resistance. It included a series of street demonstrations which took place in Tunisia, and led to the ousting of longtime president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011.
Where was the Pearl revolution?
The Bahraini uprising of 2011 was a series of anti-government protests in Bahrain led by the Shia-dominant and some sunni minority Bahraini Opposition from 2011 until 2014.[26] The protests were inspired by the unrest of the 2011 Arab Spring and 2011–12 Iranian protests and escalated to daily clashes after the Bahraini government repressed the revolt with the support of Gulf Cooperation Council and Peninsula Shield Force.[27] The Bahraini protests were a series of demonstrations, amounting to a sustained campaign of non-violent civil disobedience[28] and later some violent[dubious – discuss][29][better source needed][30][better source needed] resistance in the Persian Gulf country of Bahrain.[31] As part of the revolutionary wave of protests in the Middle East and North Africa following the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia, the Bahraini protests were initially aimed at achieving greater political freedom and equality for the majority Shia population,[32][33] and expanded to a call to end the monarchy of Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa[3] following a deadly night raid on 17 February 2011 against protesters at the Pearl Roundabout in Manama,[34][35] known locally as Bloody Thursday.
Protesters in Manama camped for days at the Pearl Roundabout, which became the centre of the protests. After a month, the government of Bahrain requested troops and police aid from the Gulf Cooperation Council. On 14 March, 1,000 troops from Saudi Arabia and 500 troops from UAE entered Bahrain and crushed the uprising.[36] A day later, King Hamad declared martial law and a three-month state of emergency.[37][38] Pearl Roundabout was cleared of protesters and the iconic statue at its center was demolished[39].
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Where was the Lotus revolution?
The Egyptian revolution of 2011, also known as the January 25 Revolution (Arabic: ثورة 25 يناير; Thawrah 25 yanāyir),[21] started on 25 January 2011 and spread across Egypt. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual Egyptian "Police holiday" as a statement against increasing police brutality during the last few years of Mubarak's presidency. It consisted of demonstrations, marches, occupations of plazas, non-violent civil resistance, acts of civil disobedience and strikes. Millions of protesters from a range of socio-economic and religious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Violent clashes between security forces and protesters resulted in at least 846 people killed and over 6,000 injured.[22][23] Protesters retaliated by burning over 90 police stations across the country.[24]
The Egyptian protesters' grievances focused on legal and political issues,[25] including police brutality, state-of-emergency laws,[1] lack of political freedom, civil liberty, freedom of speech, corruption,[2] high unemployment, food-price inflation[3] and low wages.[1][3] The protesters' primary demands were the end of the Mubarak regime and emergency law. Strikes by labour unions added to the pressure on government officials.[26] During the uprising, the capital, Cairo, was described as "a war zone"[27] and the port city of Suez saw frequent violent clashes. Protesters defied a government-imposed curfew, which was impossible to enforce by the police and military. Egypt's Central Security Forces, loyal to Mubarak, were gradually replaced by military troops. In the chaos, there was looting by rioters which was instigated (according to opposition sources) by plainclothes police officers. In response, watch groups were organized by civilian vigilantes to protect their neighborhoods.[28][29][30][31][32]
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Please, describe the consequences of the Arab Spring for Yemen, Bahrain, Eqypt, Libya, Iraq and Syria
Egypt
Results due to revolts
Resignation of President Mubarak/Arrest, interrogation and trial of Hosni Mubarak and his sons, Gamal and Alaa
New minimum and maximum wages
Dismantling the State Security Investigations Service
Announcement by vice-president Omar Suleiman that he would not run for president
Investigation of officials responsible for violence against protesters
Dissolving Parliament
Muammar Gaddafi
In Libya, meanwhile, authoritarian dictator Colonel Muammar Qaddafi was overthrown in October 2011, during a violent civil war, and he was tortured (literally dragged through the streets) and executed by opposition fighters. Video footage of his death was seen by millions online.
However, since Qaddafi’s downfall, Libya has remained in a state of civil war, and two opposing governments effectively rule separate regions of the country. Libya’s civilian population has suffered significantly during the years of political upheaval, with violence in the streets and access to food, resources and healthcare services severely limited.
This has contributed, in part, to the ongoing worldwide refugee crisis, which has seen thousands flee Libya, most often by boat across the Mediterranean Sea, with hopes of new opportunities in Europe.
Bashar al Assad
Similarly, the civil war in Syria that began in the aftermath of the Arab Spring lasted for several years, forcing many to leave the country to seek refuge in Turkey, Greece and throughout Western Europe. For a time, the militant group ISIS had declared a caliphate—a nation governed by Islamic law—in northeastern Syria.
The group executed thousands of people, and many others fled the region in fear of their lives.
Yet, although ISIS has largely been defeated in Syria, the oppressive regime of long-time dictator Bashar al Assad remains in power in the country.
In addition, the ongoing civil war in Yemen can also be traced to the Arab Spring. The country’s infrastructure has suffered significant damage, and the conflict has devolved into tribal warfare.
And in Bahrain, peaceful pro-democracy protests in the capital Manama in 2011 and 2012 were violently suppressed by the government of King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa. Officially, the country has a constitutional monarchy form of government, but personal freedoms remain limited.
The plight of the Bahraini people was dramatically portrayed in the documentary Shouting in the Dark, which was released in 2012.
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