Capable, patient, history, honest, west, marvel, happy, national, conscious, act, war
Beauty, legal , regular, hope, boy, sun, rain, skill, home, care, comfort, brown
Interest , usual, help
6. Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – прилагательными.
All my classmates say that I’m (1)________. I enjoy wearing (2)________ clothes. I like to look smart and (3)________. We can’t go through life with the same hairstyle or make-up. It’s very (4)_________ to follow fashion. I hate when people dress alike, because they buy clothes in “chain” stores. I prefer hand-made or design clothes. My classmates say that I’m (5)________, but it’s not a sin, is it? Sometimes I turn up in something really (6)_________. When you are up with fashion you feel you are individual.
TREND
STYLE
ATTRACT
IMPORTANCE
MATERIALIST
EXTRAVAGANCE
7. For (1)_________ people, the ‘Far East” is the broad coast along the Pacific Ocean, facing Alaska in the far north and Japan in the sub-tropical south, and including the large island of Sakhalin. Inland lie forests, mountains, lakes, rivers and marshes known as Siberia. Siberia is usually divided into Western and Eastern, the former is (2)________ and low-lying and rich in oil, the latter is (3)________and rich in minerals, gold and diamonds.
The twenty million people who live in this region are mostly Russians and Ukrainians by origin. Besides there live other people. They all call themselves (4)_______ and speak of Russia as beginning west of the Urals.
RUSSIA
MARSH
MOUNTAIN
SIBERIA
8. Water pollution is a serious (1)________ problem today.
“Water, water everywhere, not any drop to drink,” said the sailor from Coleridge’s poem describing to a friend how awful it was to be without drinking water on a ship in the middle of the ocean. It is strange to think that the water around his ship was probably quite safe to drink. It
was (2)________ - but not polluted. The sea waters today are much more (3)_________ . Many seas are used for dumping (4)________ and nuclear waste.
ECOLOGY
SALT
DANGER
INDUSTRY
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9. The United States is a large country with many (1)__________ natural wonders. It goes from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean to the islands of Hawaii in the Pacific, and from cold, snowy (2)__________ Alaska to (3)_________ Florida in the southeast. Also, it has many kinds of land – (4)________ coasts, dry empty deserts, (5)__________ rivers, wide plains and grasslands, lakes of all sizes, high mountains, great forests, sunny beaches and lands of (6)__________ winter. More than 250 million people live in the US. But the country is very big, so there is still a lot of open space and (7)_______ scenery outside the cities. Americans have tried to save many of the most (8)__________ wild areas of the United States. There are a lot of parks, forests and wildlands where you can enjoy the beauty and power of wild America. The Grand Canyon, Yosemite Valley, and Yellow-stone are among the most (9)________.
DIFFER
NORTH
SUN
ROCK
POWER
END
NATURE
BEAUTY
FAME
10. Переведите следующие слова, выделите в них суффиксы и префиксы. Назовите часть речи.
Brotherhood, helpless, boredom, unequal, drinkable, golden, leader, Japanese, secondary, anti-fascist, similar, peacemaker, surgery, furniture, comical, convenient, acceptable, achievement, anonymous, academician, Georgian, disarmament, witty, hysterical, Buddhism, co-existence, scientific, materialist, radiant, rootless, international, measurement, underground, creature, dirty, agrarian, absoluteness, yellowy, inventor, technical, various, tactless, comradeship, creature, reddish.
11. Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – существительными и прилагательными.
Alan Alexander Milne, the youngest of the family’s three sons, went to Westminster School at the age of 11 and then went on to Cambridge to become a (1)__________ . But he never did. Instead he became (2)_________ of the university journal “Granta” in which he published some of his light (3)_________ poems. Then he went to London hoping to earn his living as a (4)_______. By and by London magazines began to publish his (5)________ works, and in 1905 he published his first book, a shilling paper-back (6)_________ of humorous essays. Aged only 24 he was given a post of (7)________ editor of the (8)__________ magazine “Punch”.
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MATHEMATICS
EDIT
HUMOUR
WRITE
WIT
COLLECT
ASSIST
FAME
12. The Olympic Games are an (1)___________ sports festival that began in ancient Greece. The (2)_________ Greek games took place every fourth year for several hundred years, until they were brought to an end in the early (3)__________ era. The Olympic games were renewed in 1896, and since then they have been staged every fourth years, except during World War I and World War II. Perhaps the main (4)_________ between ancient and modern Olympics is that for the ancient Greeks the Games were a way of saluting their gods, when the modern Games are a manner of saluting the (5)________ talents of people of all nation. The original Olympics included (6)__________ in music, oratory, and theatre (7)_________ as well. The modern Games haven’t got them, but they represent a lot more sports than before. For two weeks and a half any international conflicts must be stopped and replaced with friendly competitions. This is the noble idea on which the modern Olympic (8)________ is based.
NATION
ORIGIN
CHRIST
DIFFER
ATHLETE
COMPETE
PERFORM
MOVE
13. The people of the United States are a (1)________ of many (2)________. Every American schoolchild learns that the United States is the big “melting pot” of countries. In a melting pot (3)________ metals are melted together to make a new metal. The United States is like a melting pot for people. In the past, people from many different (4)_________ countries came to the US and made one country out of many. These different people brought to their new land a (5)________ mixture of customs and traditions. The Germans brought Christmas trees, the Irish brought St. Patrick’s Day (6)__________, the Scots brought Hallowe’en.
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MIX
NATION
DIFFER
EUROPE
WONDER
CELEBRATE
14. Isn’t it (1)_________ to discover new places? Travel has always been a part of people’s (2)__________. It teaches people about art and culture. It teachers them to be understanding. You can also improve your knowledge of foreign languages. What is more, (3)________ is the basis of the biggest (4)________ in the world. Tourists spend a lot of money. Rich countries can sell cars and computers. But what can poor countries sell? Their (5)________ beaches and their wonderful countryside.
WONDER
EDUCATE
TOUR
BUSY
BEAUTY
15. There are amateur cricket clubs all over England, but there is a big (1)_________ between the amateur and the (2)_________ cricketer. The amateur cannot get money for the game. The professional (3)_________ is in a much (4)__________ class. He has to learn many kinds of skills. He has to be an athlete, to run fast and jump and turn like a gymnast. He must be (5)___________, and must not let other (6)_____________ be (7)__________ with him.
DIFFER
PROFESSION
CRICKET
HIGH
PATIENCE
PLAY
HONEST
16. This museum is the world’s (1)_______ museum of (2)_________ arts. It houses many of the world’s (3)_________ treasures. Here you’ll find the national collection of (4)_________, furniture, music instruments, textiles and dress, ceramics and glass, silver and (5)_________ from European and non-western countries.________
FINE
DECORATE
GREAT
SCULPT
JEWEL
17. Action films? What a bore! Criminals, shooting, (1)________. Nothing else. I agree that such films have the right to exist. They have some positive features. They are dynamic, (2)________ and full of special effects. But they are (3)_________. I can’t believe one man can win over the Mafia. Some people watch (4)_________ to cool off and such films are good for them. But other people can get sick and (5)________ especially teenagers. There are (6)_________ ways to cool off, I think.
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EXPLOSIVE
DRAMA
REAL
VIOLENT
NERVE
GOOD
Суффиксы глаголов
Глагол несет значение соответствующего прилагательного или существительного, на основе которого он сформирован.
| Суффикс | Значение | Примеры |
| -ate | делать, осуществлять | active - activate |
| -en | действие, придающее качество, выраженное в основе глагола | sharp – to sharpen |
| -fy, -ify | делать, осуществлять, превращать | simple - simplify |
| -ize, -ise | вести себя подобно, проводить ту или иную политику или производить действие | private - privatize |
Exercises
1. Образуйте от данных прилагательных глаголы, используя суффикс –en. Переведите на русский язык.
Black, sharp, short, red, soft, deep, dark, bright, weak white, sweet, wide.
2. Образуйте от данных прилагательных глаголы, используя суффикс –fy. Переведите на русский язык.
Simple, pure, beauty, solid, identic(al), false intense.
3. Образуйте от данных существительных глаголы, используя суффикс –ize(ise). Переведите на русский язык.
Character, crystal, sympathy, agony, apology
4. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – глаголами.
Like many modern developed countries, The United Kingdom has a mixed economy. This means that some sectors of economy are operated by the government and some are operated by private business. Since World War II, Britain has worked to (1)_________ the mix of private and public enterprises in order to (2)_________ the country’s economy and (3)_________ the economic well-being of its citizens. After World War II the government (4)__________, or took over, a number of large and troubled industries. These included coal, electricity, transport, gas, oil, steel, car and truck manufacturing, shipbuilding and aircraft building. Since the 1950s, the government has (5)________ a number of these industries, selling them to private firms.
EQUAL
MAXIMUM
SURE
NATION
PRIVATE
Суффиксы наречий
-ly - наречие с тем же качеством, что и слово, от которого оно образовано
bad - badly
-wards, -ward - направление или направленность
after – afterwards
home - homeward
Exercises
1. Образуйте наречия при помощи суффикса –ly и переведите их.
Silent, wide, cruel, happy, rapid, quick, part, first, extreme.
Суффиксы числительных
-teen - числительные от 13 до 19
six - sixteen
-ty - десятки
six- sixty
-th - порядковые числительные
six- sixth
Exercises
1. Напишите противоположное по значению слово, используя префиксы. Можно пользоваться словарем.
Appear, kind, join, equal, normal, credible, friendly, employed, trust, cover, known, use, important, honest, professional, safe, fair, pleased, emotional, pack, correct, agree, possible, regular, understand, definite, legal, like, advice.
2. Выделите словообразующие элементы, исходное слово, определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова. Переведите на русский язык.
Weakly – weakness – to weaken, bitterly – bitterness, unhappy - happily – happiness, suddenly – suddenness, equally – unequal – equality, to enrich – enrichment, patiently – impatient – patience, irresponsible – responsibility, unstable – stability – to stabilize – stabilization, harmful – harmless – harmlessness, glorious – inglorious –to glorify, to discontinue – continuation – continual – continually, relation – relative – relatively, attractive – unattractive – attraction.
3. Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Подумайте над следующими вопросами:
1. Каким членом предложения является пропущенное слово?
2. Какой частью речи этот член предложения выражен (обратите внимание на исходную форму слова, напечатанную заглавными буквами на полях)?
3. Какая грамматическая форма образуется по контексту?
4. Каковы особенности правописания этой формы?
The individual states all have (1)________ forms of government with a senate and a house. There is only one (2)_________, Nebraska, which has only one (3)________ body of 49 senators. All have (4)________ branches headed by state governors and (5)_________ court systems. Each state has its own constitution. But all must respect the federal laws and not make laws that interfere with the laws of the other states. The Us Constitution determines federal(6)__________.
All other (7)__________ belong to the states and to the local (8)__________ .
REPUBLIC
ECEPT
LEGISLATE
EXECUTE
DEPEND
RESPONSIBLE
AUTOMATICAL
COMMUNE
4. Bike (1)_________ appeared in Russia with the (2)___________ of Moscow motorbike club ‘Night Wolves’. (3)__________ it was founded on May 31,1989. But the core of it appeared in the early 80s. A (4)__________ in Russia prefers a heavy bike like Harley Davidson and a leather jacket. The club is so (5)________ not only in Russia but also all over the world that the first Russian Bike Show, which took place in 1995, attracted a lot of guests from abroad.
CULTURE
APPEAR
OFFICIAL
BIKE
FAME
5. Football (soccer) is the (1)________ sport, and British club teams are often (2)________ in Europe. But British football today has a bad fame at home and abroad, because of the (3)_________ of some groups of fans who get drunk and fight with each other. Most British fans (4)_________ violence and help the police to put an end to it.
NATION
SUCCESS
VIOLENT
LIKE
6. In Britain people (1)________ pay compliments on the things they like about the people they are talking to. They also expect to hear “Thank you!” in response to a compliment. Besides, they add something to keep the (2)________ going.
In Britain people usually do not (3)_________ with compliments. Sometimes they pay a compliment in return. Too many compliments may be interpreted as (4)_______. But not enough compliments may be interpreted as a sign of (5)_________.
USUAL
CONVERSE
AGREE
SINCERE
LIKE
7. Every year more than eleven million tourists visit Britain. In fact, tourism is an (1)__________ industry, employing thousands of people. Most (2)__________ come in the summer months when they can expect good weather. Tourists (3)_________ spend a few days in London, then go on to other well-known cities. Perhaps the least visited places in England are old (4)_________ towns. But many people think that nineteenth-century cities show the (5)_________ of Britain.
The (6)_________ of the past is to be still seen in their old streets.
IMPORTANCE
VISIT
USUAL
INDUSTRY
REAL
GREAT
Test
1. Выделите словообразующие элементы, исходное слово, определите, к какой части речи относятся данные слова. Переведите на русский язык.
Patiently – impatient – patience, unstable – stability – to stabilize – stabilization, possibly – impossible – possibility, inattention – attentive – attentively, helpless – helplessly – helplessness, limitation – unlimited – limitless, to coexist – existent – existence – coexistence, to disappear- to reappear – appearance – disappearance.
2. Образуйте как можно больше существительных, используя префиксы и суффиксы.
-ality, -ity, -ty, -ation, -ition, -(t)ion
ex- , un-, re, over-, dis-, -er -ship -ment, -ness
act , member , popular, love, use , cruel, happy, collect
develop, organize, explain, protect, perform, champion, appear
3. От данных прилагательных образуйте прилагательные, используя префиксы in-, un- il-, ir-, im-, dis-, ultra-.
Happy, honest, patient, comfortable, legal, short, possible, modern, responsible, direct, logical.
4. Образуйте прилагательные, используя суффиксы –able, -al, -ant, -ent, -ful, -ish,-less.
To differ, to eat, to compare, brown, care, to resist, use, fruit, home, to resist, form, shame.
5. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.
The English language is (1)________ growing and changing. No one has ever included every word from the language in a single dictionary. To do that would mean to (2)_______ the dictionary every day, which is (3)________. But people have a lot of (4)________ about the growing and (5)________of the language, its (6)_________ .
Scholars have (7)________ ideas of how any new (8)________ contributes to the process of new words (9)________. When people are faced with a new (10)________ and they do not have a word for its (11)________, they sometimes make up one. But no one makes a formal (12)________ about it.
CONSTANT
WRITE
POSSIBLE
INFORM
DEVELOP
EXPAND
VARY
DISCOVER
ADOPT
SITUATE
DESCRIBE
DECIDE
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