Задание 2. На основе теоретического материала составьте свое деловое письмо на английском языке и пришлите перевод.
Задание 3. Работа с текстами на тему «Бизнес и сотрудничество».
Прочитайте и переведите текст. Составьте его план в 4 предложениях.
WHAT IS BUSINESS?
Business is a word that is used in many different languages. But what does it mean? Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed. Today it has a more technical definition. One definition of business is the production, distribution, and sale of goods and services for a profit. To examine this definition, we will look at its various parts.
First, production is the creation of services or the changing of materials into products. Next, these products need to be moved from the factory to the marketplace. This is known as distribution. For example, a car can be moved from a factory in Detroit to a car dealership in Miami.
Third is the sale of goods and services. Sale is the exchange of a product or service for money. Goods are products that people need or want; for example, cars can be classified as goods. Services are activities that a person or group performs for another person or organization. For example, a doctor performs a service by taking care of people when they are sick.
Business, then, is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution, and sale. However, there is one other important factor. This factor is the creation of profit. Creating a profit is a primary goal of business activity.
Задание 4. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Составьте краткую аннотацию текста, выделите его главную мысль.
BUSINESS AND FINANCE
Businesses sometimes need to borrow money in order to finance investments. Investments are things they need for the company, e.g., machines. The money they borrow from the bank is called a loan, and they have to pay interest on the loan. For example, if you borrow $1,000 and the interest rate is 10%, then you have to pay back $1,000, plus $100 in interest. You may also have a savings account in a bank which usually pays you interest for keeping your savings there. The bank sends you a regular bank statement showing the activity in your account. Banks have higher interest rates for borrowers than for savers. As you know one of the main goals of a company is to make a profit. Companies receive money from selling their products. This money is called income or revenue. The money that they spend is called the expenditures. Businesses spend money on such things as raw materials (e.g., coal and oil), labour (employees), overhead costs (e.g., rent and electricity). So profit is the money that remains after all expenses are paid.
Задание 5. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Составьте к нему 8-10 вопросов .
SMALL BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Most firms operating in the U.S. economy are small businesses. These businesses are independently owned and operated and not dominant in their respective fields. The area of operation is local in nature and their capital is furnished by the individual owner or by a small group of contributors. Small businesses are very important to the economic system as they provide employment for the private work force, and they provide 70 percent of all retail, services, and wholesale distribution functions in the business environment.
Many individuals have the desire to work for themselves or they have ideas which they believe will make them money. Therefore, they launch into a small business venture, because it is relatively easy to start, offers independent and individual management, requires less overhead costs, and needs less capital to start.
Before starting a small business, the individuals should know the advantages and disadvantages of this form of business. Some of the advantages are: freedom of action, ability to adapt to local business environments, flexibility of structure, and lower overhead and capital requirements. However, there are some limitations to this business form such as lack of management expertise, limited capital, and the inability to attract and keep top employees.
Some businesses succeed, but some businesses fail due to many different reasons. Successful firms are those that follow a well thought out business plan, obtain sufficient working capital, and have managerial competence to successfully coordinate all the functions of management. Also many firms conduct research in order to understand consumer needs and wants. Firms fail due to lack of competent management, selling poor or defective products, misreading the competitive market, and unwillingness to change.
Small businesses with limited capital may increase their size by obtaining a franchise with a much larger business organization. A franchise is a legal licensing agreement between the franchiser and the franchisee whereby the franchisee can sell or distribute the name or products of the franchiser. The franchisee uses the franchiser’s name, benefits from national or regional advertising, and may receive financial backing and management assistance that otherwise would be difficult to obtain.
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