Задание 7. Грамматика: Рassive voice (пассивный залог)
Тема урока: Обычаи, традиции, праздники народов России и англоговорящих стран. Грамматика : Р assive voice ( пассивный залог ).
Задание 1. Read and translate the text.
In the UK, Bonfire Night (or Guy Fawkes Night) is celebrated on 5 November and the night skies are filled with colour. It’s a special day in honour of a historic event.
The history. The year was 1605 and some English Catholics were angry because King James I was treating them badly. In November of that year, a group of men made a plan to blow up the Houses of Parliament in London. An enormous explosion was planned for 5 November. This was the day that the king was due to open Parliament. The plan became known as the ‘Gunpowder Plot’ and the leader of the group was called Guy Fawkes. The men put 36 barrels of gunpowder in the Houses of Parliament and waited for the king to arrive. The group decided that Guy Fawkes should light the gunpowder and cause the explosion. Did they succeed? No, they didn’t. The police found the gunpowder before it exploded and they caught all the men involved in the plot. The men were tortured and killed. To celebrate his survival, King James ordered the people of England to have a bonfire on the night of 5 November.
Bonfires, Guys and fireworks. On 5 November, people remember the plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament by celebrating ‘Bonfire Night’. All over Britain there are firework displays and bonfires with models of Guy Fawkes, which are burned on the fire. The Guy is made of old clothes and the clothes are filled with newspaper. The fireworks are a reminder of the gunpowder that Guy Fawkes hid in the cellar of Parliament. Some people have a small bonfire in their garden on 5 November, while in main towns and cities there are big bonfires and firework displays.
The biggest firework display is the Edenbridge Display in Kent. Edenbridge also has the biggest Guy: a nine-metre ‘celebrity’ model is burned there every year. Last year the celebrity Guy was Wayne Rooney wearing Shrek-style ears and a football shirt.
Food. It’s normally quite cold in November in Britain, so on Bonfire Night people wear hats, scarves and gloves to spend the evening outside. They need some warm food too. Traditional Bonfire Night food is hot baked potatoes. They are cooked on the bonfire and filled with butter and cheese. There are also toffee apples (apples on a stick, covered in sweet toffee) and in the north of England they eat a special type of cake called parkin. Toasting marshmallows on the bonfire is also popular. Yum!
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Penny for the Guy. In Britain only adults can buy fireworks but in the past they were sold to children too. During the days before Bonfire Night, children used to take their home-made Guys onto the streets and ask for ‘a penny for the Guy’ to collect money to buy fireworks. Now you have to be over 18 to buy fireworks, and safety on Bonfire Night is an important issue
Задание 2. Match the vocabulary with the correct definition and write a–f next to the numbers 1–6.
1…….. a bonfire a. the main government buildings in the UK
2…….. a barrel b. a type of explosive material
3…….. the Houses of Parliament c. a large wooden container
4…….. a firework d. a large fire in the open air
5…….. a penny e. a rocket that explodes in the sky, making bright light
6…….. gunpowder f. a small coin in the UK
Задание 3. Complete the gaps with a number from the box.
I (the first) - 5 – 9 - 18 - 36 - 1605
1. A group of people wanted to kill King James _______________.
2. Guy Fawkes planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament in _______________.
3. Guy Fawkes and his men put ______barrels of explosives in the Houses of Parliament.
4. People remember the plot by enjoying fireworks and bonfires on _________November.
5. Edenbridge in Kent burns a _______________-metre Guy on a bonfire every year.
6. People under _______________ can’t buy fireworks in the UK.
Задание 4. Match the two sentence halves and write a–h next to the number 1–8.
1…….. An enormous explosion a. are burned on fires.
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2…….. The plan to blow up the Houses of Parliament b. was planned for 5 November.
3…….. Guy Fawkes and his men c. is known as the ‘Gunpowder Plot’.
4…….. Models of Guy Fawkes d. were sold to children.
5…….. The Guy e. were tortured and killed.
6…….. The Guy’s clothes f. is made with old clothes.
7…….. Potatoes g. are cooked on the bonfire.
8…….. In the past, fireworks h. are filled with newspaper to help it burn.
Задание 5. Complete the sentences with the correct active or passive verb form.
1. We planned / were planned a big party for Bonfire Night last year.
2. A lot knows / is known about the history of Bonfire Night.
3. Is it true that the king tortured / was tortured Guy Fawkes?
4. British people burn / are burned Guys on bonfires in local parks or in private gardens.
5. Is the Guy makes / made with old clothes?
6. You can fill / be filled the Guy with newspaper.
7. They cook / are cooked the potatoes on the bonfire.
8. Fireworks sold / were sold to children in the past.
Задание 6. Discussion
- What special days do you celebrate in your country with fireworks or bonfires?
- Do you like watching fireworks? Why or Why not?
- Fireworks can be dangerous. Is there an age limit for buying fireworks in your country?
Задание 7. Грамматика: Рassive voice (пассивный залог)
В английском языке существует два залога — активный (active voice) и пассивный или страдательный (passive voice). В активном залоге действие выполняет подлежащее. В пассивном залоге действие происходит над подлежащим. Давайте сравним:
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Mary cleans the office every morning. — Мэри убирает офис каждое утро. (активный залог)
Подлежащее (Мэри) выполняет действие (убирает).
The office is cleaned by Mary every morning. — Офис убирают каждое утро. (пассивный залог). Подлежащее и дополнение поменялись местами.
She asked her students to come earlier. — Она попросила студентов прийти раньше. (активный залог)
The students were asked to come earlier. — Студентов попросили прийти раньше. (пассивный залог)
Страдательный залог в английском языке образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be и смыслового глагола в третьей форме. На месте подлежащего в утвердительных предложениях будет стоять человек или предмет, над которым будет производиться действие.
Present Simple Passive - is/am/are + V3
| Утвердительное | Отрицательное | Вопросительное | |
| I | I am asked Меня сп | I am not asked Меня не спросили | Am I asked? Спросили ли меня? |
| He She it | He (she, it) is asked Его, ее спросили | He is not asked Его не спросили | Is he asked? Спросили его? |
| We you they | We (you, they) are asked Нас, вас, их спросили | We are not asked Нас не спросили | Are we asked? Нас спросили? |
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Past Simple Passive – was/were + V3
| Утвердительное | Отрицательное | Вопросительное | |
| I He She it | I (He She it) was asked Меня (eго, ее) спросили | He was not asked Его не спросили | Was she asked? Спросили ? |
| We you they | We (you, they) were asked Нас, вас, их спросили | We were not asked Нас не спросили | Were we asked? Нас спросили? |
Future Simple Passive – will + V3
| Утвердительное | Отрицательное | Вопросительное | |
| I He She it We you they | I will be asked Меня спросили | We will not be asked Меня не спросили | Will they be asked? Спросили ли меня? |
Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past, Future Indefinite Passive.
1. Moscow (to found) in 1147.
2. Football (to play) in summer.
3. Her new article (to finish) next year.
4. The letter (to receive) tomorrow.
5. That bone (to give) to her dog today.
6.The roads (cover) with the snow
7. Your parents (invite) to a meeting 2 weeks ago.
8. The stadium (open) next month.
9. Chocolate (make) from cocoa.
10. The Pyramids (build) in Egypt.
11. Bread (to eat) every day.
12. The letter (to receive) yesterday.
13. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.
14. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday.
15.I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday.
16. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.
17. This work (to do) tomorrow.
18. This text (to translate) at the last lesson.
19. These trees (to plant) last autumn.
20. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons.
Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения с активным залогом в предложения с пассивным залогом. Пример: I asked him about his job. / He was asked by me.
1. Popov invented radio in Russia.
2. Every four years people elect a new president in the USA
3. Recently my boss offered her to take a rest from the office.
4. The postman will leave my letter by the door.
5. The fire destroyed the whole village.
6. He paid me after the concert.
7. The hostess showed us all rooms in the house.
8. We write some more articles about football.
9. Someone took my documents.
10. The police caught a bank robber last night.
11. Sorry, we don’t allow dogs in our safari park.
12. You will clean your bedroom tonight.
13. He bought potatoes yesterday.
14. We will bring the books tomorrow.
15. They sell milk in this shop.
16. They broke the window last week.
17. We will do the work in the evening.
18. He wrote this book in the 19th century.
19. He stole a lot of money from the shop.
20. They will repaire the old clock.
Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice.
1.Nobody (to see) him yesterday.
2.The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.
3. He (to give) me this book next week.
4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.
5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation.
6. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book.
7. Budapest (to divide) into two parts: Buda and Pest.
8. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147.
9. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.
10. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London.
11. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau.
12. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs.
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