Mathematical modelling of phenol photooxidation: Kinetics of the process toxicity
ПЕРЕВОДЧЕСКИЙ ПРАКТИКУМ
“Название статьи”
“Название журнала ( web -сайт), номер, выпуск, страницы”
ВЫПОЛНИЛ:
студент группы
ПРОВЕРИЛ:
доц. Валеева Э.Э.
КАЗАНЬ - 2013
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
1. Статья на английском языке (объем ~15 000 знаков)
2. Перевод статьи на русский язык
3. Терминологический словарь слов и словосочетаний (минимум 200)
4. Аннотация статьи на английском языке (~1000 знаков)
Introduction
Methods
Results
Conclusions
5. Аннотация статьи на русском языке (~1000 знаков)
Введение
Методы
Результаты
Выводы
Выражения для написания аннотации на английском языке
| The work reports ... The purpose of the study was … This study attempted to answer the following questions … This study focused on … The aim of this study was to … ... has been studied. | The experimental study was carried out ... The following methods were used ... ... was (were) tested at the following conditions: .... ... was performed based on ... ... were established. ... has been designed. A theory of ... has been developed. ... has been estimated. |
| The results obtained fitted the theory of ... Experimental results are in agreement with ... The predicted results explained the experimental results well. Therefore, ... | The proposed theory can be used for ... The proposed methodology can be used as ... The practical application of this work is ... |
What is an abstract?
Что такое аннотация?
An abstract is a condensed version of a longer piece of writing that highlights the major points covered, concisely describes the content and scope of the writing, and reviews the writing's contents in abbreviated form. The main objectives of an abstract is to
tell readers what information the report, article, or paper contains.
include the purpose, and methods of the report, article, or paper.
provide results, conclusions, or recommendations.
be short -- from a paragraph to a page or two, depending upon the length of the original work being abstracted. Usually informative abstracts are 10% or less of the length of the original piece.
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allow readers to decide whether they want to read the report, article, or paper.
The first one or two sentences of an abstract should provide a context for the specific study being presented. A good approach is to briefly describe the larger scientific issues or questions that are motivating scientists to conduct his or her research. Following a one or two sentence introduction, one should clearly and explicitly state the purpose of the study. This can be done in a variety of ways, e.g., " The purpose of the study was…" , "This study attempted to answer the following questions… to test the hypothesis…", "This study focused on the…" "To better understand the mechanism of…" or "The aim of this study was to…". Following the statement of purpose, the general methodolical approach should be described (if possible in one or two sentences). In other words what major techniques did you use to find the results. Do not explain the how but rather the what. Major results should also be summarized in one or two sentences. The abstract should conclude with at final sentence or two in which the significance or ramifications of the findings are briefly stated. These final sentences should connect the findings with one or more of the larger ideas stated in the opening two sentences.
Примеры аннотаций к научным статьям
Production of diesel fuel from renewable feeds: Kinetics of ethyl stearate decarboxylation
M. Snårea, I. Kubičkováa, P. Mäki-Arvelaa, K. Eränena, J. Wärnåa and D.Yu. Murzina,
aLaboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland
Abstract
The kinetics of liquid phase ethyl stearate decarboxylation for production of diesel fuel hydrocarbons was studied over a Pd/C catalyst in a semi-batch reactor. The kinetic behavior was tested in a wide range of temperature. Furthermore a supplementary investigation of the reaction intermediate, stearic acid, was performed. The main kinetic regularities were established in both cases. Finally successful kinetic modeling and parameter estimation was performed based on the proposed reaction route. The predicted results explained the experimental results well.
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Keywords: Decarboxylation; Stearic acid; Biodiesel
Mathematical modelling of phenol photooxidation: Kinetics of the process toxicity
Oscar Primoa, María J. Riveroa, Inmaculada Ortiz,a, and Angel Irabiena
aDepartamento de Ingeniería Química y Química Inorgánica, E.T.S.I.I. y T., Universidad de Cantabria, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
Abstract
This work reports the kinetic analysis of the photochemical degradation of phenol making use of the evolution of parameters such as the total organic carbon (TOC), toxicity of the treated water (TU), and oxidant concentration H2O2. The experimental study was carried out working with an initial concentration of phenol of 1000 mg L−1, with a constant flux of radiation of 8.8 × 10−5 einstein s−1 and a variable initial concentration of the oxidant in the range between 17 000 mg L−1 and 51 000 mg L−1. The obtained results of TOC fitted to a first order kinetic law whereas zero order kinetics was found to describe H2O2 evolution. The decrease of the toxicity followed a constant trend related to TOC, being the ratio TU/TOC dependant on the initial H2O2 concentration.
Keywords: UV/H2O2; Phenol oxidation; TOC; TU evolution; Kinetic model
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