How biologists accomplish their studies
The study of living organisms is an ongoing process that allows ________ of the natural world and the _______ of new knowledge. Biologists accomplish their studies through a process of inquiry known as the scientific method, which approaches a problem or question in a well-defined orderly_______ of steps so as to reach conclusions.
The first step involves making systematic observations, either directly through the ______ of sight, smell, taste, sound, or touch, or indirectly through the use of special _______ such as the microscope. Next, questions are asked regarding the observations. Then a _______—a tentative explanation or educated guess—is formulated, and _______ about what will occur are made. At the core of any scientific study is testing of the hypothesis. Tests or _______ are designed so as to help substantiate or refute the basic assumptions set forth in the hypothesis. Therefore, experiments are repeated many times. Once they have been completed, _______ are collected and organized in the form of graphs or tables and the results are analyzed. Also, statistical tests may be performed to help determine whether the data are significant enough to _______ or disprove the hypothesis. Finally, conclusions are drawn that provide explanations or insights about the original problem.
By employing the scientific method, biologists aim to be objective rather than subjective when interpreting the _______ of their experiments. Biology is not absolute: it is a science that deals with _______ or relative truths. Thus, biological conclusions are always subject to change when new evidence is presented. As living organisms continue to evolve and change, the science of biology also will evolve.
VI. Match the words with their definitions.
| hypothesis | to succeed in doing or completing sth |
| experiment | a statement, fact, or situation that tells you why sth happened; a reason given for sth |
| to prove | a scientific test that is done in order to study what happens and to gain new knowledge |
| conclusion | something that you decide when you have thought about all the information connected with the situation |
| explanation | to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form |
| to accomplish | to use facts, evidence, etc. to show that sth is true |
| to evolve | an idea or explanation of sth that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be true or correct |
VII. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise in the correct form.
1. He tried to _____ his theory to his friends.
2. New evidence might lead to the _____ that we are wrong.
3. The theory eventually _____ from this study.
4. It’s the only _____ that makes any kind of sense.
5. Many people do not like the idea of _____ on animals.
6. These observations appear to support our working _____.
7. The first part of the plan has been safely _____.
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