Повторяем Времена группы Perfect
I . Проверяем домашнее задание
Задание 4. Ответьте на вопросы .
1. What is management?
2. What management levels do you know?
3. Whom does top management include?
4. Whom does middle management include?
5. What specialists does operating management include?
6. What is the most important responsibility for any manager?
7. What steps is decision making divided into?
8. What are the management functions?
Упражнение 2. Употребите глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.
1. Не (to work) in the centre of Chicago.
2. He (to work) in the centre of Chicago?
3. He (not to work) in the centre of Chicago.
4. They (to read) a lot of books.
5. They (to read) many books?
6. They (not to read) many books.
7. The children (to eat) soup now.
8. The children (to eat) soup now?
9. The children (not to eat) soup now.
10. You (to play) volleyball well?
11. When you (to play) volleyball?
12. What Nick (to do) in the evening?
13. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening?
14. We (not to dance) every day.
15. Look! Kate (to dance).
16. Kate (to sing) well?
17. Where he (to go) in the morning?
18. He (not to sleep) after dinner.
19. My granny (to sleep) after dinner.
20. When you (to sleep)?
21. Nina (not to sleep) now.
22. Where John (to live)? — He (to live) in England.
23. My friends from Switzerland (to speak) four languages.
24. Elvire (to speak) English, German and French? — Yes, she ... .
25. She only (not to speak) Italian.
Exercise 2. Сделайте предложения вопросительными.
1. We are gathering apples in the garden.
2. Mary is listening to music now.
3. I’m sweeping the floor in the kitchen.
4. The cat is running after the mouse.
5. The boys are making a plane.
6. The wind is getting stronger.
7. You’re building a nice house.
8 I’m taking a bath now.
9. A woman is feeding the chickens.
10. They are trying to catch a taxi.
Exercise 3. Сделайте предложения отрицательными.
1. Molly is translating an article.
2. Jack and Sam are gathering pears in the garden.
3. It is getting warm.
4. We are climbing a mountain.
5. You are playing basketball now.
6. The children are washing hands in the bathroom.
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7. My grandfather is reading a newspaper now.
8. My family is having supper now.
9. Angela is ironing her dress now.
10. I’m looking for my kitten now.
II . тема Маркетинг
Упражнение 1. Прочтите слова и словосочетания.
Performance - выполнение, характеристика (работы машины);
Business activities - деловая деятельность;
The flow of goods – поток товаров;
Sell goods - продавать товары;
consumer - потребитель;
vendor - продавец;
mutual benefits - обоюдная выгода;
advertisement - реклама, объявление;
pricing - калькуляция цен;
storing - складирование;
value - стоимость;
marketing research - изучение рынка сбыта;
compile data - собирать данные;
to define the problem – определять проблему;
expensive - дорогостоящий;
cost - цена; стоимость;
find out - находить;
involve - включать в себя;
exceed - превышать;
add - добавлять, прибавлять;
sell - продавать;
buy - покупать;
Упражнение 2. Прочтите слова и сопоставьте их с русскими словами.
Marketing,
business,
transporting,
process,
information,
potential,
problem,
analyze,
result,
operation,
activity.
TEXT
Marketing
Marketing is the performance of business activities connected with the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers. Marketing includes the following operations: transporting, storing, pricing, and selling goods. The most important thing in marketing is finding out who the customers are and what they want. Marketing is the process of having the right product at the right time in the right place, the process that brings mutual benefit to customers and vendors.
Transporting means carrying goods from the place of their production to the place of their selling.
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Storing is necessary because the consumer desires to buy goods without waiting.
Pricing involves the art of determining what price is the best.
Selling involves helping consumers to discover their needs. Marketers should inform potential buyers of where goods can be bought and how much they cost.
Marketing research is also very important. The following steps in marketing research are: defining the problem, collecting data, compiling data and analyzing the results, advertising.
Marketing operations are very expensive and one should consider the value added through marketing. Marketing becomes too costly only when cost exceeds the value it adds.
Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на подчеркнутые слова.
1. Marketing includes: transporting, storing, pricing and selling goods.
2. Marketing is the process of having the right product at the right time in the right place.
3. The main steps in making research are defining the problem, collecting data, compiling data and analyzing the results, advertising.
Задание 4. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и сочетаний из левой колонки.
1. the flow of goods А) покупать;
2. sell goods B) продавец;
3. consumer C) продавать;
4. vendor D) поток товаров;
5. mutual benefits E) цена; стоимость;
6. advertisement F) дорогостоящий;
7. storing G) стоимость;
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8. value H) складирование;
9. expensive I) реклама, объявление;
10. cost J) обоюдная выгода;
11. sell K) потребитель;
12. buy L) продавать товары.
Задание 5. Заполните пропуски соответствующими предлогами и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Marketing is the performance … business activities connected … the flow of goods.
2. Marketing is the process … having the right product … the right time … the right place
3. Transporting means carrying goods … the place … their production … the place … their selling.
4. Storing is necessary because the consumer desires to buy goods … waiting.
5. Pricing involves the art … determining what price is the best.
Упражнение 6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующее по смыслу окончание.
1. Marketing is the performance of business activities connected with ... .
А) recognizing the problem and choosing the right solution.
В) the flow of good from producers to consumers.
2. Marketing is the process of . .
А) planning, controlling and innovating.
В) having the right product at the right time in the right place.
3. Marketing research steps are as follows:
А) collecting data, compiling data, advertising.
В) choosing the most favourable solution and implementing the chosen approach.
Упражнение 7 . Ответьте на вопросы.
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1. What process is marketing?
2. What operations does marketing include?
3. What is the most important thing in marketing?
4. What are the main steps in making research?
Упражнение 8. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Маркетинг - это деятельность, связанная с прохождением товаров и услуг от производителя к потребителю.
2. Маркетинг включает в себя такие операции, как: транспортировка, складирование, ценообразование и продажа товаров.
3. Наличие нужного товара в нужном месте в нужное время приносит обоюдную выгоду покупателям и продавцам.
4. Важную роль в маркетинге играют такие факторы, как: определение проблемы, сбор данных, анализ результатов, а также реклама.
Повторяем Времена группы Perfect
Во всем многообразии времен в английском языке времена Perfect (совершенные или завершенные) примечательны тем, что в русской грамматике вы не найдете их аналогов.
Если мы заглянем в словарь, то увидим среди прочих переводов слова «perfect» такие: совершенный, завершенный, законченный. Так и есть – времена Perfect описывают действие, которое уже совершено и завершено, в общем – закончено к определенному моменту времени, и у нас есть результат данного действия.
I ate bananas. – Я ел бананы . Это простое прошедшее время. Здесь не уточняется съел я их или нет, главное факт – ел.
I have eaten bananas. – Я съел бананы . Совсем другое дело! Сразу понятно, что бананов вам не осталось, да? Потому что действие завершенное – съел. Это и есть время Perfect, в данном случае – Present Perfect.
Общая формула времен Perfect: to have + V3
| Время | Образование | Значение действия | Обстоятельства времени |
| The Present Perfect Tense | have, has + V3 The children have already gone to bed. Дети уже пошли спать. | Завершенное действие связано с настоящим | already, yet, just, still, ever , never, lately, recently, since, many years, many times, until now |
| The Past Perfect Tense | had + V3 My life had greatly changed by 2012. Моя жизнь значительно изменилась к 2012 году. | Предпрошедшее время Действие завершилось раньше какого-либо момента/события в прошлом. | by, before, after, when, by the time, yet, already, first, earlier |
| The Future Perfect Tense | will have + V3 They will have done the task till next month. Они выполнят это задание до следующего месяца . | Действие завершится до наступления будущего события/времени. | by, by that time, by then, before, after, when |
Употребление времени Perfect
| The Past Perfect Tense | The Present Perfect Tense | The Future Perfect Tense | |
| 1. Действие, которое завершилось/ завершится до определенного момента времени | I had finished my work yesterday by 5 o’clock. – Я закончил работу вчера в 5 часов. | не может быть использовано с точными указателями времени | I will have finished my work tomorrow by 5 o’clock. – Я закончу работу завтра к 5 часам |
| 2. Действие, которое завершилось/завершится до другого действия или события | I had finished my work when he came. — Я уже закончил работу когда он пришел | не может быть использовано с точными указателями времени | I will have finished my work when he come. — Я уже закончу работу когда он придет |
| 3. Действие произошло недавно | I have just finished my work. – Я только что закончил работу. | ||
| 4. Действие началось в прошлом и все еще продолжается | I haven’t eaten since breakfast. — Я с завтрака ничего не ел. | ||
| 5. Период еще не закончился (today, this week/month) | Has anybody seen Frank today? — Кто-нибудь видел Фрэнка сегодня? | ||
| 6. Нам важен результат, опыт, перемены | I have never been to Japan. — Я никогда не был в Японии | ||
| 7. Предположение о том, что уже произошло | I thought you hadcalled Tom. — Я думал, что ты позвонила Тому. |
Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
Утвердительное предложение
have/ has + V3(Ved) had + V3(Ved) will have + V3(Ved)
I have enjoyed I had enjoyed I will have enjoyed
She has enjoed She had enjoed She will have enjoed
We have enjoyed We had enjoyed We will have enjoyed
Отрицательноепредложение
have/ has + not + V3(Ved) had + not + V3(Ved) will + not + have + V3(Ved)
I have not enjoyed I had not enjoyed I will not have enjoyed
She has not enjoed She had not enjoed She will not have enjoed
We have not enjoyed We had not enjoyed We will not have enjoyed
Вопросительноепредложение
Have/ Has + S + V3(Ved) Had + S + V3(Ved) Will + S + have + V3(Ved)
Have I enjoyed? Had I enjoyed? Will I have enjoyed?
Has she enjoyed? Had she enjoyed? Will she have enjoyed?
Have we enjoyed? Had we enjoyed? Willwehaveenjoyed?
Так как вспомогательный глагол выполняет только грамматическую функцию, его можно сократить, чтобы не нагромождать предложение:
I have = I’ve, She has = she’s, he had = he’d, we will = we’ll
have not = haven’t, has not = hasn’t, will not = won’t
Упражнение 1
1. By the time you recieve this letter I (finish) my final exams.
2. He (write) 3 reports on an accident when his mother called.
3. I don’t think I (do) these exercises by 3 o’clock.
4. He was looking forward to a good meal at home, but Jill (go) out.
5. Your house looks nice. You (paint) it?
6. After we (discuss) all details on the phone I wrote a letter about it.
7. Before my 18th birthday I (not/be) out of England.
8. It is the easiest job I (ever/have).
9. I fell better after I (take) the medicine.
10. I (not/be) there for ages.
11. She (tidy up) the flat before he comes.
12. I was late. The teacher already (give) a quiz when I came into the classroom.
13. The workers (ship) the goods before the telegram arrives.
14. I am here for an hour. Where you (be)?
15. When I got to the station, the 9 o’clock train (already/leave).
Упражнение 2
Поставьте глагол в форму Present Perfect, Past Perfect или Future Perfect.
to arrive
1. Our taxi … by 9 o’clock yesterday morning.
2. Let’s go. The guests already … .
3. They … by the time the meeting starts.
to be
1. I am tired of waiting. Where you … ?
2. By the time I’m 30 I … a famous scientist.
3. He didn’t remember where he … before the accident.
to paint
1. We … the house by next Tuesday.
2. She … more than 10 pictures already.
3. I wondered if they … the room.
Упражнение 3
Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме Present Perfect, Past Perfect или Future Perfect.
1. Sam … (lose) his keys. So he can’t open the door.
2. When I woke up in the morning, the rain already … (stop).
3. I hope I … (finish) my test by midnight.
4. The film turned out to be much longer than we … (expect).
5. My sister just … (leave) for the bank.
6. The girls were good friends. They … (know) each other for 5 years.
7. Mother … (lay) the table before we come.
8. I never … (try) Japanese food.
9. Ted was so happy because his dream … (come) true.
10. We … (be) to Paris many times.
Упражнение 4.
Выберите в скобках подходящее слово или словосочетание. Переведите предложения.
1. She will have finished her resume … (on Monday/by Monday/last Monday).
2. The aircraft hasn’t landed … (yet/just/already).
3. We have lived in New York … (since/from/for) three years.
4. … (After/Already/Ago) they had eaten the cake, they cleared the table.
5. They will have decorated the Christmas tree … (by the time/before/by then).
6. My uncle has … (already/yet/ago) repaired his car.
7. I haven’t met them … (from/since/for) their wedding.
8. … (By the time/Already/Just) the sun set, the farmers had already stopped working.
9. Have you … (just/ever/yet) been married, Kelly?
10. … (When/How much/How long) has he known her?
Упражнение 5.
Заполните таблицу, используя следующие формы глагола.
Complete the table with the base forms and the past participles.
Use the words in the box.
Lose, taken, swim, bought, do, written, run, eaten, take, won, write, done, buy, lost, win, run, eat, swum
| base form | past simple | past participle |
| _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ | bought did ate lost ran swam took won wrote | _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ |
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