Th- to early 20th-century paintings
UNIT 1
The National Gallery, London
READING
Exercise 1. Read the following names and practice saying them. Use Oxford dictionary for any other transcription if necessary http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/
Van Eyck [vænˈ ʌɪk] Ван Эйк Renaissance [rəˈneɪsəns] Ренессанс
Duccio [ˈduːtʃɪəʊ] Дуччо Uccello [uːˈtʃɛləʊ] Уччелло
Velazquez [vəˈlɑːskeɪs] Веласкес Botticelli [ˌbɒtɪˈtʃɛli] Боттичелли
Dürer [ˈdjʊərə] Дюрер Michelangelo [ˌmʌɪk(ə)lˈandʒələʊ] Микеланджело
Van Gogh [vænˈɡɒf] Ван Гог Raphael [ˈrafeɪəl] Рафаэль
Bruegel [ˈbrɔɪɡ(ə)l] Брейгель Titian [ˈtɪʃ(ə)n] Тициан
Cranach [ˈkranək] Кранах Caravaggio [ˌkarəˈvadʒɪəʊ] Караваджо
Poussin [ˈpuːsã] Пуссен Vermeer [vəːˈmɪə] Вермеер
Ingres [ˈaŋɡrə] Энгр Degas [ˈdeɪɡɑː] Дега
Cezanne [seɪˈzan] Сезанн Monet [ˈmɒneɪ] Моне
Mantegna [manˈteɲɲa] Мантенья Goya [ˈɡɔɪə] Гойя
Holbein [ˈhɒlbʌɪn] Гольбейн Rubens [ˈruːbənz] Рубенс
Van Dyck [van ˈdʌɪk] Ван Дейк Claude [klɔːd] Клод
Cuyp [kɔɪp] Кёйп Canaletto [ˌkanəˈlɛtəʊ] Каналетто
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Veronese [ˌvɛrəˈneɪzeɪ] Веронезе
Exercise 2. Read and translate the text about the National Gallery in London and its collections of different centuries.
In 1823 the landscape painter and art collector, Sir George Beaumont (1753 – 1827), promised his collection of pictures to the nation, on the condition that suitable accommodation could be provided for their display and conservation.
In April 1824 the House of Commons agreed to pay £57,000 for the picture collection of the banker John Julius Angerstein. His 38 pictures were intended to form the core of a new national collection, for the enjoyment and education of all. The pictures were displayed at Angerstein's house at 100 Pall Mall until a dedicated gallery building was constructed.
The size of the building – Angerstein's house – was compared unfavourably with other national art galleries, such as the Louvre in Paris, and ridiculed in the press.
In 1831 Parliament agreed to construct a building for the National Gallery at Trafalgar Square. There had been lengthy discussion about the best site for the Gallery, and Trafalgar Square was eventually chosen as it was considered to be at the very centre of London. The new building finally opened in 1838.
The National Gallery Collection contains over 2,300 works, including many famous works, such as van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait, Velazquez’s Rokeby Venus, Turner’s Fighting Temeraire and Van Gogh’s Sunflowers.
All major traditions of Western European painting are represented from the artists of late medieval and Renaissance Italy to the French Impressionists.
Th to 15th century
Duccio, Uccello, van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli, Dürer, Memling, Bellini
Most surviving late medieval pictures are religious, made for altars in churches or for private devotion. Many have exquisitely decorated gold-leaf backgrounds.
In the 15th century, portraits and scenes from ancient history and mythology increased in importance. Realism also affected the treatment of sacred subjects.
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Figures were often placed in convincing architectural and landscape settings. Technical advances, such as oil paint, allowed greater subtlety in depicting facial expression and surface textures.
Th-century paintings
Leonardo, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Holbein, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titian, Veronese
The leading artists of this period achieved a fame that has never diminished. Especially in Italy, Renaissance painters sought to rival and surpass the artists of ancient Greece and Rome.
Portraitists were highly prized and pictures of ancient history and mythology became almost as important as Christian subjects. Paintings were appreciated for their artistry as much as for their subject matter, and often placed in specially created galleries.
Th-century paintings
Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude, Rembrandt, Cuyp, Vermeer
While some artists of this period looked to the art of the past for inspiration, they always imparted their own style, from the flamboyant to the austere. Religious subjects were treated in novel ways to engage the emotions of the viewer.
In the Netherlands, specialist painters of still lifes, landscapes and scenes of everyday life – from elegant social gatherings to lively scenes in taverns – enjoyed great popularity.
th- to early 20th-century paintings
Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Ingres, Degas, Cezanne, Monet, Van Gogh
Although the production of grand paintings for churches and palaces continued, it became more common for artists to paint smaller works that were exhibited and sold through art dealers and public exhibitions. In the 19th century, art movements (loose associations of artists working in a similar style) emerged, as did the idea of the independent artist who rebelled against the official art establishment.
From http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/
Exercise 3. Mark the statements as true or false. Explain your opinion.
1. The first picture collection was given to the National Gallery as a gift by the banker John Julius Angerstein.
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2. Sir George Beaumont agreed to give his collection to the nation, on the condition that appropriate placement could be provided for it.
3. Paintings from all over the world are on display in the National Gallery.
4. The most popular subjects of the 13th to the 14th century pictures are scenes from ancient history and mythology.
5. In the works of Renaissance painters the mastery was not so important as the subject matter.
6. Painters of still lifes, landscapes and scenes of everyday life became very popular in the 17th century.
7. In the 19th century paintings for palaces and churches were gradually replaced by smaller works created for public exhibitions.
VOCABULARY
Exercise 4. Match the underlined words and phrases with their definitions.
| 1 | a landscape | a | the act of preventing something from being lost, wasted, damaged or destroyed |
| 2 | a still life | b | an arrangement of things for people to look at or buy |
| 3 | conservation | c | strict or severe in discipline |
| 4 | a background | d | the process that takes place when somebody sees or hears something that causes them to have exciting new ideas or makes them want to create something, especially in art, music or literature |
| 5 | to depict | e | richly or brightly coloured |
| 6 | artistry | f | the part of a picture, photograph or view behind the main objects, people, etc. |
| 7 | a scene | g | a view of a place as you see it, or as it appears in a picture |
| 8 | inspiration | h | to show an image of somebody/something in a picture |
| 9 | a display | i | a set of surroundings; the place at which something happens |
| 10 | a setting | j | the skill of an artist |
| 11 | flamboyant | k | a picture of an arrangement of objects, for example flowers or fruit |
| 12 | austere | l | a painting of a view of the countryside |
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Exercise 5. Arrange the following in the pairs of synonyms, translate the phrases into Russian.
| 1 | to intend | a | to decrease; to fall |
| 2 | to contain | b | to plan; be going to do something |
| 3 | to affect | c | to be as good as someone or something else |
| 4 | to achieve | d | to value; to respect |
| 5 | to rival | e | to change or influence |
| 6 | to surpass | f | to be better or greater than something else |
| 7 | to appreciate | g | to include ; to house |
| 8 | to diminish | h | to get a good result; to be successful |
| 9 | to treat | i | to become known, come out; to start to exist |
| 10 | to emerge | j | to deal with; to regard |
LISTENING
UK Museums and Galleries
Exercise 11. Listen to an overview of the most popular and famous museums, galleries and cultural complexes of the UK and number the following in the order they are mentioned.
a. the Burrell Collection g. the Imperial War Museum North
b. the Kelvin Grove Art Gallery and Museum h. the World Museum
c. the Walker Art Gallery i. the Beatles Museum
d. the Manchester United Club Museum j. At-Bristol Science Centre
e. the National Gallery k. Tate Modern
f. the Lowry l. the House for an Art Lover
From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FszIKE3XUp8
Exercise 12. Choose the best answer for each question:
1. Where is the Imperial War Museum North situated?
a. Leeds
b. Manchester
c. Liverpool
2. Where can one find the National Gallery in London?
a. Trafalgar Square
b. Fitzroy Square
c. Parliament Square
3. What is Britain’s second most favorite museum outside London?
a. the Kelvin Grove Art Gallery and Museum
b. the Fossil Grove
c. the Scottish Football Museum
4. Where one can find the Beatles Museum?
a. Lancaster
b. Leeds
c. Liverpool
5. Which of the following has one of the largest and oldest collections in the world?
a. the National Maritime Museum
b. the National Gallery
c. the Royal Armouries
6. Which is geographically the closest museum to the National Gallery?
a. Tyne and Wear Archives
b. Tate Modern
c. the Natural History Museum
7. Where is the largest private collection of art in the world situated?
a. the Riverside Museum
b. Pollok House
c. the Burrell Collection
8. What style did Charles Rennie Mackintosh represent mostly in his works?
a. Neoclassicism
b. Art Nouveau
c. Gothic
9. Which of the following can one find in Liverpool?
a. the Walker Art Gallery
b. the Science Museum
c. the Imperial War Museum North
10. What is the most attractive city for a football fan in the UK?
a. Norwich
b. London
c. Manchester
11. Which city is a centre of engineering and science?
a. Bath
b. Bristol
c. Brighton
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