Famous people of science and engineering
James Watt, a famous inventor and mechanical engineer, was born on January 19, 1736, in Scotland. He worked as a mathematical-instrument maker from the age of 19 and soon became interested in improving the steam engine, which was used at that time to pump out, water from mines.
Watt is known for his improvements of the steam engine. He determined the properties of steam, especially the relation of its density to its temperature and pressure, and designed a separate condensing chamber for the steam engine that prevented large losses of steam in the cylinder. For this device and other improvements on steam engine Watt received his first patent in 1769.
Watt continued his research and patented rotary engine for driving various types of machinery; the double-action engine, in which steam is admitted alternately into both ends of the cylinder; and the steam indicator, which records the steam pressure in the engine. He retired from the firm manufacturing steam engines in 1800 and devoted himself entirely to research work.
In 1788 Watt invented the centrifugal or flyball governor, which automatically regulated the speed of an engine. It uses the feedback principle of a servomechanism, linking output to input, which is the basic concept of automation. The watt, the unit of power, was named in his honour.
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev is a famous Russian chemist. He is best known for his development of the periodic table of the properties of the chemical elements. This table displays that elements' properties are changed periodically when they are arranged according to atomic weight.
Mendeleyev was born in 1834 in Tobolsk, Siberia, He studied chemistry at the University of St. Petersburg, and in 1859 he was sent to study at the University of Heidelberg. Mendeleyev returned to St. Petersburg and became Professor of Chemistry at the Technical Institute in 1863. Mendeleyev was a well-known teacher, and, because there was no good textbook in chemistry at that time, he wrote the two-volume «Principles of Chemistry» which became a classic textbook in chemistry. In this book Mendeleyev tried to classify the elements according to their chemical properties.
Задание 2. Письменно переведите 2 и 4 абзацы текста.
Задание 3. Образуйте новые слова по образцу.
Образец: technology - technological (технологический)
a) structure -
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b) nature –
c) electronics -
Задание 4. Заполните таблицу, используя информацию из текста.
| 1. Name | ||
| 2. Country | ||
| 3. Date of birth | ||
| 4. Profession | ||
| 5. Invention/improvement/ development |
Задание 5. Перепишите предложения, поставьте глаголы в нужные формы страдательного залога.
1. This computer (not to use).
2. The production of the company (to exhibit) next month.
Задание 6. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на употребление глаголов в форме сослагательного наклонения.
1) I wish you wouldn’t use this device.
2) He proposes that the paper should consist of three parts, the last one discussing the experimental results obtained.
Задание 7. Переведите с русского языка на английский.
1) Что не так?
- Дерево толщиной 26 мм, а шуруп всего лишь 20 мм.
2) – Принеси мне, пожалуйста, молоток.
- Какой (который)?
- Тот, с длинной ручкой, на подоконнике.
- Вот (пожалуйста).
3) Осторожно! Надень каску и защитные очки.
4) - Из чего это сделано?
- Это сделано из металла и пластика.
5) - Пожалуйста, пришлите нам гравий.
- Сколько?
- Около 200 кг.
[1] В наличии в библиотеке колледжа
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