History of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)
UN MODEL
NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL UNIVERSITY
SECURITY COUNCIL
EXPERT REPORT
INF TREATY: THE DISARMAMENT PROBLEM AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 
Stavropol, 2020
CONTENT
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 3
1. History of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) …………..…. 5
2. Mutual claims of the parties and the termination of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) ………………………............................................... 6
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….... 9
Sources …………………………………………… ..............................................10
Introduction
The UN Security Council is a permanent body of the United Nations, which, in accordance with Article 24 of the UN Charter[1], has the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. The Security Council held its first meeting on January 17, 1946 in Church House, Westminster, London. On April 4, 1952, the first meeting of the Security Council was held at the UN Headquarters in New York, and since then it has been its permanent location.
All members of the United Nations agree to obey and implement Security Council decisions. While other United Nations bodies make recommendations to Member States, only the Security Council has the power to make decisions that Member States are then required to implement under the Charter.
The Council consists of 15 member states - 5 permanent and 10 non-permanent, elected by the UN General Assembly for a two-year term of 5 each year. Corresponding amendments to the UN Charter were introduced on December 17, 1963 by resolution of the UN General Assembly 1995 (XVIII) (before that only 6 non-permanent members were members of the Council). According to the resolution, 10 non-permanent members of the Security Council are elected on a geographical basis, namely:
• five - from the states of Africa and Asia;
• one from Eastern European countries;
• two - from Latin American countries;
• two - from the states of Western Europe and other states[2].
Members of the UN Security Council for 2020:
Permanent Members: Russia, USA, UK, China and France. They have a veto.
Non-permanent members: Germany, Belgium, Dominican Republic, Indonesia and South Africa, Vietnam, Niger, Tunisia, Estonia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
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The presidency of the Council is replaced monthly according to the list of its member states, arranged alphabetically in English[3].
When the Council receives a complaint regarding a threat to peace, it usually first recommends that the parties try to reach an agreement by peaceful means. The council may:
• establish principles for achieving such agreement;
• in some cases, investigate and mediate;
• send missions;
• appoint special envoys;
• request the Secretary-General to provide his good offices to achieve a peaceful resolution to the dispute.
If a particular dispute leads to military action, the Council seeks to put an end to it as soon as possible. In this case, the Council may:
• give ceasefire instructions that can help prevent an escalation of the conflict;
• send military observers or peacekeeping forces in order to help reduce tensions, disengage opposing forces and create a calm environment that allows us to seek a peaceful settlement.
In addition, the Council may resort to coercive measures, including:
• imposition of economic sanctions, arms embargoes, financial fines and travel restrictions and restrictions;
• severance of diplomatic relations;
• blockade;
• or even collective military events[4].
The focus is set on orienting measures mainly to those who are responsible for policies and practices that are condemned by the international community, while minimizing the impact of the measures on the population and the economy.
History of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)
The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) was signed by General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev and US President Ronald Reagan on December 8, 1987 during the Soviet-American summit in Washington[5]. The signing was preceded by a series of negotiations. The stumbling block was the Soviet proposal to eliminate medium-range missiles deployed by the United States and the USSR in Western and Eastern Europe at the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, and to scale down strategic nuclear forces in conjunction with the US's abandonment of the space-launched missile defense proclaimed in 1983 SDI programs (Strategic Defense Initiative). By the spring of 1987, medium-range missiles were separated into a separate negotiation unit, and by autumn an agreement was reached on a “global zero” formula, according to which short-range and medium-range missiles were not simply withdrawn from Europe (as applied to the USSR for limits of the European part of the country), as discussed earlier in Reykjavik in 1986, but were subject to complete destruction.
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The treaty entered into force on June 1, 1988 after an exchange of instruments of ratification during the visit of Ronald Reagan to Moscow (May 29 - June 2). Consists of a preamble and 17 articles. The INF Treaty is perpetual, but each of the parties has the right to terminate it, presenting convincing evidence of the need for its withdrawal.
1) What is the essence of the agreement on the elimination of medium and short-range missiles?
A perpetual agreement on the elimination of medium and short-range missiles (INF) requires its participants:
· Not to produce, test or deploy short-range ground-based ballistic and cruise missiles (from 500 to 1000 kilometers);
· Not to produce, test or deploy medium-range ground-based ballistic and cruise missiles (from 1,000 to 5,500 kilometers).
2) What did the INF Treaty establish?
The short-range missiles liquidation period was set to 3 years, the medium-range missiles – to 1.5 years. The liquidation was carried out in two stages (the first stage took 29 months). Missiles were destroyed by undermining or by burning steps, in the first 6 months after the employment of the treaty elimination of up to 100 missiles by the launch method was allowed.
3) What are the results of signing the INF Treaty?
Eighteen months after the entry of the INF Treaty into force, each of the parties eliminated all its shorter-range missiles (500 to 1000 km) and the launchers of such missiles, as well as all auxiliary facilities and equipment associated with them. Three years after the employment of the treaty, medium-range missiles (1,000 to 5,500 km) were eliminated.
According to the agreement, launchers, launching facilities, auxiliary and other equipment were destroyed at 117 Soviet facilities in the USSR, the German Democratic Republic and Czechoslovakia, and at 32 American facilities in the USA, Great Britain, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands.
As a result, the USSR destroyed 1,846 missile systems (of which about half were missiles not on combat duty), and the United States destroyed 846 systems. On May 31, 2001, the parties completed inspection activities.
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