A good night’s sleep — an impossible dream?
ЕГЭ Вариант 1
ЧТЕНИЕ 10. Задание 10 Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.
1. The wrong goal
2. Extra-curricular over load
3. Too much homework
4. Arguably helpful
5. Too stressful
6. Too many distractions
7. A better system
8. Poor co-ordination
A. My problem with homework is that I am rather fond of TV and computer games. Every evening after school it is the same. I start with the highest intentions. I’ll just play one round of Final fantasy and then begin. But it tends to be three rounds and then tea time. Oh — and then my favourite program begins in 10 minutes so I’ll start after that. And so it goes on. Probably I lack motivation.
B. It is so much faster doing homework these days. All our assignments can be done on the PC which means correcting and changing things is so easy. But of course the Internet is the biggest shortcut of all. Maybe it’s true what they say that it stops you reading textbooks. You get snatches of information rather than the whole story. Maybe I should try to use the internet less.
C. I am a drummer and a pianist. The school really encourages this and I have two one hour lessons a week plus one to two hours daily practice. I am in the basketball team. The school encourages this and we practice twice a week. I got picked to be in the school play. Rehearsals are two hours a week. Will somebody please tell me when I am supposed to get my homework done?
D. Exam practice, constant revision, exam techniques and how to get the highest possible grade— is this what education is supposed to be about? The school seems obsessed with grades and the school results league table. We are currently 17th highest achievers in England but if we really try hard this year we might make top 10. Silly me! I thought education was about learning and preparing for adult life.
E. For some kids exams bring more pressure than they can cope with. They worry about what their parents will say, not to mention what their teachers or class mates will think. No wonder some of them freeze up in the exam hall and are unable to write anything out of sheer nerves.
F. Why do they do it? We get three weeks in a row with minimal homework and then every teacher in the school sets a massive assignment to be completed “by next Friday — no late submissions”. Why don’t they get together and try and even the load?
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G. I think Continuous Assessment is a very sensible idea. Education should not simply be about slick exam performance, but about overall how you perform in school — how you study, how much you read, how logical and clear your essay arguments are. 50% of our final grading should be based on course work. I think it is fair.
| Текст | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
| Заголовок |
Задание 11
Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Duration of life and its social implications
The world’s population is about to reach a landmark of huge social and economic importance, when the proportion of the global population over 65 outnumbers children under 5 for the first time. A new report by the US census bureau shows A ______ , with enormous consequences for both rich and poor nations.
The rate of growth will shoot up in the next couple of years. The В ______ a combination of the high birth rates after the Second World War and more recent improvements in health that are bringing down death rates at older ages. Separate UN forecasts predict that the global population will be more than nine billion by 2050.
The US census bureau was the first to sound the С ______ . Its latest forecasts warn governments and international bodies that this change in population structure will bring widespread challenges at every level of human organization, starting with the structure of the family, which will be transformed as people live longer. This will in turn place new burdens on careers and social services providers, D ______ for health services and pensions systems.
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“People are living longer and, in some parts of the world, healthier lives,” the authors conclude. “This represents one of the greatest achievements of the last century but also a significant challenge E ______ population.”
Ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels. One way of measuring that is to look at the older dependency ratio, F ______ that must be supported by them. The ODR is the number of people aged 65 and over for every 100 people aged 20 to 64. It varies widely, from just six in Kenya to 33 in Italy and Japan. The UK has an ODR of 26, and the US has 21.
1. which recently replaced Italy as the world’s oldest major country
2. alarm about these changes
3. a huge shift towards an ageing population
4. change is due to
5. while patterns of work and retirement will have huge implications
6. which shows the balance between working-age people and the older
7. as proportions of older people increase in most countries
| Пропуск | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| Часть предложения |
Задание 12 № 1174
A good night’s sleep — an impossible dream?
Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-eye. That’s what American doctors advise.
American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days — and, increasingly, nights — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-the-clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century — and the problem is likely to get worse.
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The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.
What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. “People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange,” says one of them. “It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude”. Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that
allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.
Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-to-5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.
As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shiftwork’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-hour credit-card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as “therapeutic caffeine use”, but everyone is already familiar with that.
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So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.
| 12 The advice of American doctors is all about 1) ways to reduce negative effect of modern technologies. 2) complex measures that ensure healthy sleep. 3) positive effect of herbal therapy. 4) the process of restoring from unexpected psychological stress 13. Задание 13 Americans are referred to as a “somnambulant nation” because they 1) need special help to fall asleep. 2) are sleepwalkers. 3) regularly wake up at night. 4) don’t get enough sleep to function effectively. 14. Задание 14 Experiments with sleep deprivation proved that 1) it inevitably leads to death. 2) its repercussions have finally become predictable. 3) it is likely to result in cardio or nervous problems. 4) animal and human reactions are almost alike. 15. Задание 15 There is a tendency to sleep less because 1) people want to look tough at any cost. 2) people think they can reduce sleeping hours without any harm. 3) people have learned to cope with less sleep just as they have learned to lower cholesterol. 4) otherwise they lose career and social opportunities. | 16. Задание 16 Having naps during the day would be nice, but 1) doctors do not find them effective. 2) people won’t take them voluntarily. 3) bosses are against this. 4) it is difficult to arrange. 17. Задание 17 People who work at night can hardly 1) fulfill traditional family obligations. 2) consult doctors when needed. 3) socialize to their liking. 4) ever sleep without ear-plugs. 18. Задание 18 № The main aim of specially designed shift-work lighting system is 1) to help people feel alert at night. 2) to provide better lightning. 3) to prevent heart diseases. 4) to stimulate human growth hormones. |
Лексика Грамматика
19. Задание 19 Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слова «так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.
The name of Alaska
19 Do you know the origin of the place name Alaska? The name Alaska comes from the Aleut word alaxsxaq, __________________ “object toward which the action of the sea is directed” – that is, the mainland. (MEAN»)
20.
It is also known as Alyeska, the “great land”, an Aleut word __________________ from the same root.( FORM)
Задание 21
Its nicknames are the Land of the Midnight Sun and America’s Last Frontier. Its first nicknames were “Seward’s folly” and
“Seward’s icebox” to laugh at the secretary of state who negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia, which __________________ foolish at the time.(CONSIDER)
Задание 22
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