III . Придаточное предложение – подлежащее
Урок 13
Тема урока: Сложные предложения. Сложносочинённые предложения.
1. Сложносочинённые предложения
2. Сложноподчинённые предложения
3. Придаточное предложение – подлежащее
4. Придаточное предложение – сказуемое
5. Бессоюзные предложения
6. Упражнения: упр. 5, стр. 398
упр. 6, стр. 679
упр. 10, стр. 681
I . Сложносочинённое предложение
The Compound Sentence
Сложносочинённое предложение состоит из простых предложений, каждое из которых имеет самостоятельное значение.
Части сложносочинённого предложения соединяются сочинительными союзами, а на письме отделяются запятыми.
Перед союзами AND и OR запятая может быть опущена, если присоединяемое предложение короткое.
Союзы и союзные слова в сложносочинённых предложениях
Conjunctions and Connectives
| Conjunctions and Connectives | Translation | Examples |
| and or else but | и, а или иначе (или) но, а | Are you coming or are you staying at home? He must be joking or else he’s mad. He went to his room but he couldn’t work. |
| otherwise however nevertheless yet/still therefore | иначе однако тем не менее всё-таки тем не менее поэтому | Do what you’ve been told otherwise you’ll be punished. He was wrong, however he went on doing it his own way. There was no news, nevertheless she went on hoping. She was vain and foolish, and yet people liked her. He has treated you badly; still he’s your brother and you ought to help him. I’m working on Monday, therefore I can’t meet you at the station |
| both … and either … or neither … nor not only … but also as … as not so … as | как … так и или … или ни … ни не только … но и так же … как и не такой … как | The key both opened the door and it kept the door locked. You’ll either sail this boat correctly or you’ll never sail with me again. Her nails were neither long nor were they painted. Not only did they win, but they also changed the nature of the team. The segment AB is as long as the segment CD is. The segment OP is not so long as the segment KM is. |
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II Сложноподчинённ о е предложени е
The Complex Sentence
Главное предложение – придаточное предложение
The Principal Clause – The Subordinate Clause
Главное предложение: самостоятельное утверждение
Придаточное предложение:
· поясняет главное предложение;
· самостоятельно не употребляется;
· присоединяется к главному предложению союзными словами.
Союзное слово является членом придаточного предложения.
| Clauses | Cojunctions and Connectives | Translation | Examples |
| Object | that if/whether when what where how why | что ли когда что где как почему | She felt that someone else was there. Time will show whether I’m right or not. He asked when we would be back. I’ll do what I say. He asked where we had met. He stood thinking how nice she looked. He wondered why he should do it. |
| Relative | who that which whom whose | который который который которого чей | The man who normally works here is ill. Have you seen the dress that I’ve just bought? Have you read the book which I gave you? I know the man whom you mean. Our sister whose photo I showed you is coming tomorrow. |
| Time | when after before while till/until as since as soon as as long as | когда после того как до того как в то время как пока; до тех пор как когда; в то время как; по мере того как с; с тех пор как как только до тех пор пока | When he had finished, he turned out the light. Laura went for a ride after Jan had left for work. Read the document carefully before you sign it. She had to escape, while they slept We waited until Bruno’s brother came and told us the news. The telephone rang as he was unlocking the door. What have you been doing since I last saw you? As soon as he gets the money, he’ll pay back. I’ll never forget them as long as I live. |
| Reason | because as since for | потому что так как так как; поскольку так как; ибо | Because she was my mother, I expected her to understand me. As I haven’t read the book, I can’t tell you anything about it. You’re sure to know him, since you seem to know everyone. He walked quickly, for he was in a great hurry. |
| Manner | (just) as as if / as though | как как будто | The clock in the room ticked loudly, just as I had remembered. She looked at me as if the meaning escaped her. She stepped forward as though hypnotized. |
| Purpose | so as (not) to so so that … (not) in order that in order (not) to | чтобы (не); для того, чтобы (не) | We started eating in our hotel rooms so as to be alone. Take notes so you’ll remember all. He arranged for the taxi to come at six so that she wouldn’t have to wait long at the station. He talked to the bird softly in order not to frighten it. |
| Contrast | although (even) though in spite of the fact that | хотя хотя несмотря на то, что | He speaks fluent English (al)though he has never been to England. He went out in spite of the fact that he had a bad cold. |
| Conditional | if unless provided / providing (that) in case | если если не при условии, что в случае | He’ll get the letter tomorrow if you send it off now. I’ll go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy. Mother will believe me provided I tell her what she wants to hear. In case you see him, give him the message. |
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Внимание! Любой член предложения сложноподчинённого предложения может
быть выражен придаточным предложением.
III . Придаточное предложение – подлежащее
The Subject Clause
Функция: подлежащее
Отвечает на вопрос WHO ? WHAT ?
Присоединяется союзами или союзными словами:
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