Exercise 6. Translate into English:
ФБ «Системы организма»
Слова записать в словарь, текст прочитать и перевести, письменно выполнить упражнения 1-7 (упражнения расписать полностью)
Выполненные задания выслать до 15.00 26.03.20 на эл.почту lenie . murtazaeva @ mail . ru или в группу https://vk.com/amazing_english_l
· Vocabulary
| skeletal ['skelitl] скелетный muscular 'mʌskjulə мышечный digestive [daɪ'ʤestɪv] пищеварительный respiratory [rɪ'spɪrət(ə)rɪ] дыхательный urinary ['ju rinri] мочевой endocrine ['endoukrain] эндокринный reproductive [ri:pre'd ktiv] репродуктивный, половой bone [boun] кость ligament ['lig m nt] связка cartilage ['kɑːtɪlɪʤ] хрящ join [d in] соединять structural ['strʌkʧ(ə)r(ə)l] структурный spinal [spainl] спинной, позвоночный cord [kɔːd] столб vessel ['vesl] сосуд | pump [pʌmp] [р mр] насос stream [stri:m] ток, поток alimentary [ˌælɪ'ment(ə)rɪ] пищеварительный gland [glænd] железа convey [k n'vei] передавать, переносить carbon dioxide [dai' ksid] двуокись углерода kidney ['kidni] почка urine ['juərɪn] моча ureter [juə'riːtə] уретра urinary bladder ['blædə] мочевой пузырь be stored [stɔ:d] сохраняться, храниться, скапливаться discharge [dɪs'ʧɑːʤ] удалять, выводить из организма hormone ['hɔːməun] гормон |
Reading and translation of the text
SYSTEMS OF THE BODY
There are several main systems of the body: the skeletal, the muscular, the nervous, the digestive, the respiratory, the urinary, the endocrine and the reproductive systems.
The skeletal system consists of the bones of the body and ligaments and cartilages which join them. The chief function of the skeletal system is structural.
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The muscular system consists of the skeletal muscles and their associated structures. The main function of this system is to move us about1.
The nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia and receptors. It is a complex information system with all the necessary means for receiving, processing and communicating information.
The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels and the blood which is pumped through the blood vessels by the heart. Its function is mainly that of transportation system: the nutrients, oxygen, special substances which are required by cells3 are carried by the blood stream; and the cellular wastes and sometimes other materials produced by the cells are carried away by the blood stream.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and a number of associated glands.
The respiratory system consists of the lungs, the air passages leading to them and associated structures. Its main function is to convey oxygen to the lungs, where it can enter the blood stream and to remove carbon dioxide, which escapes from the blood into the lung spaces.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys which produce urine by removing nitrogenous and other wastes4 from the blood: the two ureters, which convey the urine away from the kidneys; the urinary bladder, where the urine is stored5 until it is discharged; and the urethra through which the urine is discharged.
The endocrine system consists of a number of glands throughout the body which produce regulatory substances called hormones. The endocrine system serves to regulate a large number of activities.
1. to move us about — осуществлять наше движение
2. for receiving, processing and communicating information — для получения, обработки и передачи информации
3. which are required by cells — которые необходимы клеткам
4. by removing nitrogenous and other wastes — путем выведения азото-содержащих и других продуктов отхода
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5. where urine is stored — где накапливается моча
Тренировочные упражнения
Exercise 1. Find in the text English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
1. несколько основных систем 2. которые их соединяют 3. основная функция 4. со всеми необходимыми средствами 5. переноситься кровотоком 6. ведущих к ним воздухоносных путей 7. где он поступает в кровоток 8. выводить мочу из почек 9. до тех пор, пока она не выделена 10. вырабатываются вещества – регуляторы
Exercise 2. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text:
main systems of the body, the skeletal system, to move about, a complex information system, to be pumped through the blood vessels, transportation system, a number of associated glands, to convey oxygen, until it is discharged, a large number of activities
ü Work in pairs:
Exercise 3. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the functions of the skeletal and muscular systems?
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2. What is carried by the blood stream?
3. What is the chief function of the blood?
4. What does the nervous system consist of?
5. What is the main function of the respiratory system?
6. What does the urinary system consist of?
7. How do the kidneys produce urine?
8. How is the urine discharged from the body?
Exercise 4. Make up sentences using the following words:
a) the, system, begins, digestive, mouth, the, with.
b) function, to remove, major, the, of, urinary, the, system, urine, is.
c) is, the, system, of, complex, one, the, nervous, most, systems, all, of, body, human.
d) lymph, are, blood, and, the, tissues, body, of, liquid, the.
e) includes, muscles, the, and, musculoskeletal, the, system, bones, joints.
Exercise 5. Insert the missing words given below:
1. Another important function of the kidney is to maintain the ... balance of water, salt and acid in the body fluids.
2. The brain is the ... centre for regulating and coordinating body activities.
3. Respiration is the ... process of breathing.
4. The blood and lymphatic systems have many ....
5. Joints are the places where ... come together.
6. The endocrine system is composed of... located in different regions of the body.
(main, proper, functions, mechanical, bones, glands)
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Exercise 6. Translate into English:
1. Организм человека насчитывает несколько систем. Это группы органов, совместно функционирующие для выполнения сложных функций организма человека.
2. Пищеварительная система начинается в полости рта.
3. Нервная система — это самая сложная информационная система.
4. Главная функция мышечной системы — это осуществление движения.
5. Суставы — это места соединения костей.
6. Эндокринная система состоит из желез, расположенных в различных частях организма человека.
7. Скелетная система состоит из костей, а также связок и хрящей, соединяющих их.
8. Сердечно-сосудистая система выполняет транспортную функцию в организме.
Exercise 7 . Examine the list of body systems below and name each system. Try to remember the organs within each system. Use the dictionary for the correct pronunciation of the words.
| System | Organs |
| mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas | |
| kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra | |
| nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs | |
| female: ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina | |
| male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland | |
| thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, thymus gland | |
| brain, spinal cord, nerves | |
| heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels | |
| muscles | |
| bones and joints |
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