The exercises to be done after reading the text
Unit Nine
Text: Steering System
Dialogue
Предтекстовые упражнения
The exercises to be done before reading the text
Упражнение 1. Прочтите слова и словосочетания и запомните их русские эквиваленты.
guide the саг — управлять автомобилем
means of turning — средство поворота
front wheels - передние колеса
steering wheel — рулевое колесо
steering column — рулевая колонка
for this purpose — для этой цели
pivot — шарнир
swing (swang, swung) - поворачиваться
steering knuckle arm - рычаг поворотного кулака
tie-rod — поперечная тяга
in turn — в свою очередь
pitman arm - рулевая сошка
rack and pinion assembly — рулевоймеханизм с рейкой и шестерней
ball joint — шаровой шарнир
leverage — рычажный механизм
hose — шланг, рукав
steering gear assembly – рулевой механизм
rack and pinion type - реечно-шестеренчатый тип (рулевого механизма)
recirculating ball steering - рулевой механизм с шариковой гайкой
worm and sector — червяк и сектор
injury - повреждение
steering box - картер рулевого механизма
Упражнение 2. Прочтите слова и сопоставьте их с русскими значениями.
column, spindle, system, hydraulic, pump, reservoir, popular, type, effective, effectiveness, effectively, energy, function, to deform, deformation.
Упражнение 3*. Переведите слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы и префиксы.
Rotate — rotation, apply — application, move — movement, develop — development, drive — driver, form - reform - deform - deformation, guide — guidance.
Прочтите текст, а затем выполните следующие за ним упражнения.
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TEXT
Steering System
То guide the car, it is necessary to have some means of turning the front wheels so that the car can be pointed in the direction the driver wants to go. The steering wheel in front of the driver is linked by gears and levers to the front wheels for this purpose. The front wheels are on pivots so they can be swung to the left or right. They are attached by steering knuckle arms to the rods. The tie-rods are, in turn, attached (o (he pitman arm.
When the steering wheel is turned, gearing in the steering gear as- sembly causes the pitman arm to turn to the left or right. This movement is carried by the tie-rods to the steering knucle arms, and wheels, musing them to turn to the left or right.
Рис. 4. Steering System
1.steering wheel - рулевое колесо
2.steering column, steering mast — рулевая колонка
3.sleering gear - рулевой механизм
4. sleering arm, steering lever, (steering) pitman arm — рулевая сошка
5.steering knuckle — поворотная цапфа, поворотный кулак
6. sleering knuckle lever, steering knuckle arm — рычаг поворотного кулака
7. single tie-rod - неразрезная поперечная рулевая тяга
8. steering knuckle lever, steering knuckle arm — рычаг поворотного кулака
9. drag link, steering gear connecting rod, steering drag rod — продольная рулевая тяга
The steering system incorporates: the steering wheel and column, steering gear, pitman arm, steering knuckle arm, front axle, steering knuckle pivot, tie-rods.
There are several different manual steering gears in current use, such as the rack and pinion type and the recirculating ball type. The
rack and pinion steering gear is widely used. Another manual steering gear which is popular in imported cars is the worm and sector type.
The steering wheel and column are the source of injury to the driver, air bags and other devices being developed now to safe the life of a driver.
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Energy-absorbing columns must stop the steering wheel and column from being pushed to the rear as the front of the car is crushed in an impact.
Energy-absorbing columns must also provide the driver with a tolerable impact as he moves forward and strikes the wheel with his chest.
Послетекстовые упражнения
The exercises to be done after reading the text
Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы.
1.What mechanism is necessary to guide the car?
2.How is the steering wheel connected to the front wheels?
3.Why can the front wheels be swung to the left or to the right?
4.What does the manual steering system incorporate?
5.What types of manual steering gears in use do you know?
Упражнение 5*. Переведите на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на герундий.
1.То guide the car it is necessary to have some means of turning the front wheels.
2.The steering wheel in front of the driver is linked by gears and levers to the front wheels for turning the car in the direction the driver wants to go.
3.Without using the steering system the car moves only in the direct position.
4.Manufacturers can use rack and pinion type steering gear without choosing another type because "rack and pinion" type steering is very dependable.
5.Energy-absorbing columns must stop the steering wheel from being pushed to the rear when the front of the car is damaged in an impact.
Упражнение 6. Переведите текст, не пользуясь словарем.
То turn the car you must have some means of turning the front wheels. For this purpose the steering wheel and steering column are linked to the front wheels. The front wheels are on pivots and can be swung to the left or to the right.
When the driver turns the steering wheel and column the front wheels (being on pivots) attached by the steering knuckle arms to the lie rods are also turned.
Упражнение 8. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующее окончание из правой колонки.
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1.The front wheels are on pivots so...
2.When the steering wheel is turned...
3.The steering wheel is linked.
4.Most manufacturers use...
5.Steering gear may be...
6.Steering knuckle arms and wheels are turned...
d. gearing in the steering system causes the pitman arm to turn.
e. rack and pinion type.
f. they can be swung to the left or right.
g. by gears and levers to the front wheels.
a. by the tie-rods.
a. by the tie-rods.
b. rack and pinion type, recirculating ball type, warm and sector type.
d. gearing in the steering system causes the pitman arm to turn.
e. rack and pinion type.
f. they can be swung to the left or right.
g. by gears and levers to the front wheels.
Упражнение 9. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1.Для управления автомобилем необходима система рулевого управления.
2.Рулевое управление включает в себя: рулевое колесо и рулевую колонку, зубчатое соединение, рулевую сошку,
рычаги поворотного кулака и шарнирные соединения, рычаги и поперечные тяги.
3.Существуют различные типы рулевых механизмов, а именно: реечно-шестеренчатый тип, механизм с шаровой гайкой, механизм с червяком и сектором.
4.Когда водитель поворачивает руль влево или вправо, то рулевой механизм заставляет рулевую сошку поворачиваться влево или вправо.
Это движение передается поперечными тягами к рычагам поворотных кулаков и к колесам, заставляя их поворачиваться влево или вправо.
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