TEXT 2 Post-School Education
There are three stages of education in Great Britain: primary, secondary' and further education. Primary and secondary stages are school education. Further education means post-school education.
Compulsory school education lasts 11 years, from the age of 5 to 16.
At the age of 16 young people can choose their further education at school or outside school. They can continue studying at school until the age, of 18. They can leave school and continue their education in various colleges, polytechnics and vocationally oriented schools, such as drama schools, art schools, ballet schools or schools of librarianship and others. The most part of these institutions are private, i.e. fee-charging.
These institutions do not give higher, education they prepare a variety of professions for industry and commerce: shorthand, typing, book-keeping and many others.
In Britain there are a number of different kinds of institutions of higher education. First of all, of course, there are the universities.
Some years ago there were also polytechnics. After graduating from a polytechnic a student got a degree, but it was not a university degree. 31 former polytechnics were given university status in 1992. There are 46 universities in the country. The oldest of them are Oxford and Cambridge. Their history goes back to the 12th-13th centuries.
Admission to universities is by examination or selection (interviews). British students get grants from their local education authority.
A university graduate leaves with a degree. It usually takes three years to get a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree. A Master of Arts or Master of Science degree may be got in one or two additional years.
Universities are centers of research as well as teaching and many postgraduates are engaged in research for higher degrees. The highest academic degree is the Doctor of Philosophy. It may take any number of years to finish the original research work necessary to get this degree.
Most students live away from home, in flats or halls of residence.
Students don't usually have a job during term time because the lessons, called lectures, seminars, classes or tutorials (small groups), are full time. However, many students now have to work in the evenings.
University life is considered «an experience». The exams are competitive but the social life and living away from home are also important. The social life is excellent with a lot of clubs, parties, concerts, bars.
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PART III
DIRECTIONS:
Find in the text the English equivalents for:
1) могут выбрать; 2) такие как; 3) большая часть этих учебных заведений; 4) и многие другие; 5) получают стипендии; 6) обычно требуется три года, чтобы получить степень бакалавра; 7) еще через два-три года; 8) многие аспиранты занимаются научной работой.
PART IV
DIRECTIONS:
Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1. Pupils can continue studying at school until the age of 20.
2. All colleges, polytechnics and vocationally oriented schools are free of charge.
3. Polytechnics and vocationally oriented schools give higher education.
4. British students do not get grants.
5. It usually takes 5 years to get a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree.
ACTIVITY I
SUPPLEMENTARY READING:
PART I
DIRECTIONS:
Read the text, translate it into Russian and retell in English. Pay attention to the Vocabulary:
chapel ['t/aepl] — часовня
row [rou] — ряд
valuable ['vaeljuabl] — ценный
TEXT 3 OXBRIDGE
OXBRIDGE is a combination of two famous names — Oxford and Cambridge. They are the oldest universities in Great Britain. They have dominated British education for seven centuries.
The University of OXFORD, situated in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. The first of its colleges was founded in 1249. The university now has 34 colleges and about 12 000 students, many of them from other countries. There were no women students at Oxford until 1878, when the first women's college, Lady Margaret Hall, opened. Now there are 5 women's colleges. Oxford is a member of the Russell Group of research-led British Universities. It has recently come top of some league tables which rank universities in Britain.
Oxford is, like Cambridge and others, a member of the Coimbra Group, a network of leading European universities, and the LERU (League of European Research Universities).
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CAMBRIDGE is the second-oldest university in Great Britain. It was founded in 1284 when the first college, Peterhouse, was built. Now there are more than thirty colleges founded at different times, three of them are women's colleges. The first women's college was opened in 1869.
Cambridge has produced more Nobel prize winners than any other university in the world, having 80 associated with it, about 70 of whom were students there.
It regularly heads league tables ranking British universities, and a recent league table by the Times Higher Education Supplement rated it sixth in the world overall and first for science.
Oxford and Cambridge are famous for their first class education. The universities have societies and clubs for different interests. Sport is an important part of students' life.
Both of these university towns are very beautiful. They have some of the finest architecture in Britain. Some of their colleges, chapels and libraries are very old and full of valuable books and paintings. Both towns have many lovely gardens.
During term time the university towns are full of bicycles. Students ride along the streets on them, and there are rows and rows parked outside the colleges. In the towns of narrow streets, a bicycle is the best means of transport.
The universities of Oxford and Cambridge, often referred to together as Oxbridge, compete to be seen as the strongest overall university in the UK. Historically, they have produced a significant proportion of Britain's prominent scientists, writers and politicians.
PART II
DIRECTIONS:
Mark the statements below as ‘ True ‘ (T) or ‘ False ‘ (F)
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The University of Cambridge is the oldest university in England. The University of Cambridge was founded by scholars from Oxford. Many Nobel Prize winners were students at the University of Cambridge. Many scientists, writers and politicians were students at the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. The University of Oxford is the oldest university in England.
Oxbridge is the old name of Oxford. There has always been a competition between Cambridge and Oxford. The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge are members of the Coimbra Group. | T | F | ||
UNIT 4
TOPIC “PROBLEMS OF YOUTH”
TOPICAL VOCABULARY
| generation gap | разрыв поколений, конфликт поколений |
| to determine | определить |
| to deal with | иметь дело с |
| to precede | предшестовать |
| value | ценность |
| to overcome | преодолеть |
| to benefit | извлечь пользу, выиграть |
| to apply | применять |
| burden | бремя, ноша |
| gloomily | уныло, мрачно |
| behaviour | поведение |
| relationship | взаимоотношения, отношения |
| passionately | страстно |
| obligation | обязательство |
| psychological | психологический |
| to be aimed at | быть направленным на |
| self-appraisal | самооценка |
| unemployment | безработица |
| disfunctional family | неблагополучная семья |
| spiritually | духовно |
| despair | отчаяние |
| excessive | чрезмерный, повышенный |
GETTING STARTED
1. What can make you nervous, annoyed, disappointed?
2. Can we regard all these complaints as problems?
3. How do you like to spend your spare time?
4. What do you know about the problem of generation gap?
5. What do you do
· to express yourself?
· to develop your own lifestyle?
· to show off?
· to show a rebellion?
· to change the world to the best?
ACTIVITY A
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