Grammar: All tenses compared.
1.3 Exercises.
Exercise 1. Have you ever surfed the Internet? Which websites did you visit?
Exercise 2. Read the article. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1. The Internet first started in the USA. T/F
2. The Internet and the WWW are different. T/F
3. Berners-Lee invented the Internet. T/F
4. One file on the WWW can have two or more addresses. T/F
5. There are 40 million Internet users today. T/F
THE INTERNET originated in the early 1970s when the United States wanted to make sure that people could communicate after a nuclear war. This needed a free and Independent communication network without a centre and it led to a network of computers that could send each other e-mail through cyberspace.
Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) when he discovered a way to jump to different flies on his computer using the random or unplanned, links between them. He then wrote a simple coding system, called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), to create links to files on any computer connected to the network. This was possible because each file had an individual address, or URL (Uniform Resource Locator). He then used a set of transfer rules, called HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), to link Web files together across the Internet. Berners – Lee also invented the world's first browser. This lets you locate and view Web pages and also navigate from one link to another.
The WWW became available to everyone in 1991 and the number of Internet users grew from 600,000 to 40 million in five years. Today, that number is much larger and there are now many browsers that provide Web pages, information and other services. You can also do research, download music files, play interactive games, shop, talk in chat rooms and send and receive e-mail on the WWW.
Exercise 3. Find the correct word or abbreviation in the text.
1. an address for Web pages ______
2. a coding system that creates links _____
3. this finds and shows Web pages ____
4. rules for transferring files ______
5. a group of computers joined together ___
Exercise 4. Match the groups of verbs below with their general meaning: move • make, start • join • look at • find
1 browse, surf, view ______
2 download, navigate, transfer.
3 connect, link ______
4 discover, locate ______
5 originate, create, invent __
Exercise 5. Complete the sentences (1-7) with the words from the text.
1 Some people spend too much time playing _________ games on the Internet.
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2 You can sometimes have a computer _____ that is not connected to the Internet.
3 It is easy to ______ around a screen with a mouse.
4 Berners-Lee discovered how to _____ links between computers in new ways.
5 Some people surf the Internet at _____just to see what they can find.
6 People use the Internet to ______ information from one place to another.
7. When you surf the Internet, you are traveling in ___________ .
Exercise 6. Work in groups. Say which of the following ideas about the Internet are good or bad.
independent • world wide • cheap to use • expensive to buy computers • the information may not be true or correct • spend too much time playing games • talking in chat rooms • make new friends • visit many interesting websites • wait for a long time to download Web pages
Exercise 7. Where is the best place to find information on these topics?
· European history
· the price of mobile phones
· your favorite pop star
Exercise 8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of finding information from these sources?
books • magazines • newspapers • libraries • encyclopedias • friends or family • teachers CD-ROMs • television • radio • the Internet
Exercise 9. Read the text quickly and choose the correct answer.
1 Google is a keyword / search engine.
2 This WORD is in upper / lower case.
3 AND / WHEN is a logical operator.
Finding information on the World Wide Web needs an Internet search engine such as Google, AltaVista or Excite. Search engines have a text box where you type in a keyword or words. A search engine is a software program that reads the keywords in the text box and searches the Internet for Web pages, websites and other Internet flies that use them. These documents are shown on the computer screen in a results listing.
When carrying out searches, you should usually be specific and brief in your choice of words. If the keyword is too general or includes too many different meanings, the results listing may not be useful. Different search engines categorize information in different ways, which changes the way they store and retrieve it.
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Using upper case letters (capital letters) in a keyword search will only retrieve documents that use upper case. Typing in lower case (no capitals)is usually better because search engines will retrieve documents that use both upper case and lower case letters.
You can narrow a search using logical operators such as AND, OR and NOT. AND retrieves all the words typed in the text box, OR retrieves either of the words and NOT excludes words. Spelling is important when typing in keywords, but a search engine will not usually read punctuation, prepositions and articles.
Exercise 10. Tick (▼) the good things to do to find information on the Internet.
1 Choose keywords that are different to the item you want.
2 Give the best keyword to describe what you want.
3 Use as many general keywords as possible.
4 Try to use a keyword that can have only one meaning.
5 Type your keywords in lower case only.
6 Use logical operators to narrow your search.
7 Use full stops and commas.
8 Do not use words like at, in, on, a/an and the.
Exercise 11. Find the words and phrases in the text that mean:
1 clear and exact (paragraph 2) ______
2 put into similar groups (2) ______
3 to bring back (2) ______
4 make smaller (4) ______
5 mathematical words (4) ______
6 does not use (4) _________
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