ПИСЬМЕННАЯ ЧАСТЬ. СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ
| 1. People don’t read much nowadays, but I like reading. I like books about adventures, love and ______FRIEND______. I can’t say who my favourite ______WRITE______ is – there are so many. Most of my friends prefer watching the TV version of a book to reading it. They say it’s more ______INTEREST______. I strongly ______AGREE______ with them. I’m absolutely sure that books develop our ______IMAGINE______ much better than any film can do. |
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- Jenny doesn’t have many friends, but she has lots of books. Jenny likes fantasy stories best. She has a rich ________IMAGINE__________ which takes her to magical lands. Jenny often feels like she is a part of the story. She enjoys being in someone else's shoes, living in an _________ABSOLUTE_________ different world. When reading, Jenny may turn into a princess or become a mountain _________EXPLORE_________. She can see _________FANTASY_________ creatures and amazing places with her own eyes. Books are ideal friends for Jenny. They are entertaining and helpful. They can give her some _________PRACTICE_________ advice when she needs it and keep quiet when she doesn’t want to communicate. Books never _________AGREE_________ with her and they never argue.
| 34. Father's Day in the UK is on the third Sunday in June. We enjoy this day very much and always arrange a _________CELEBRATE_________ at home. Our dad deserves it – he is the most _________AMAZE_________ person I’ve ever met. He works as a train _________DRIVE_________ and he loves his job, though it takes time and energy. He cannot spend lots of time with us, but when he is at home, we have a _________FANTASY_________ time all together. Dad is a very _________CREATE_________ person and often invents new games for us. There are three children in our family and we always prepare a present for our dad together. Last time it was a large, _________COLOUR_________ book about the history of trains. The book starts with the invention of the first train and tells the whole story of the railway up to the present day. |
| 35. The Grand National is a horse race which is held every year in Liverpool. This _________COMPETE_________ involves a four-mile race, during which the horses have to go over 30 fences. The most _________FAME_________ horse in the Grand National was called 'Red Rum'. He was the _________WIN_________ of the race three times during the 1970s. The race is not only a sporting event but a _________FASHION_________ social event too. Men and women wear beautiful clothes, and the tickets to the race are very ________EXPENSE__________. The Grand National is broadcast all over the world and around 500 to 600 million people watch it. However, though there are lots of horse racing fans, many people think it’s _________FAIR_________ and cruel to make the animals race and jump for people’s entertainment. |
| 36. I’ve worked in an office for many years. It’s a very _________STRESS_________ job and recently I’ve taken up a new hobby - gardening. My grandmother was a very good _________GARDEN_________. She never did gardening as a job but for pleasure and ________ENTERTAIN__________. She had the so-called “green fingers” - the flowers and fruit trees she planted grew very _________QUICK_________. I wish I were as skillful as she was. It’s a pity my family does not share my interest in gardening. My children _________LIKE_________ working outdoors. They prefer using the computer indoors. I don’t argue with them. Arguing and quarrelling makes me feel _________NERVE_________ and unhappy but cannot change the situation. I hope one day they will join me in the garden. |
| 37. Lots of companies do business online. They sell goods and services, or provide _________INFORM_________ to the general public. Doing business online is less _________EXPENSE_________ and more convenient than running a traditional business, with offices and lots of employees. Surprisingly enough, there are lots of very young people among online businessmen. In spite of their age, they are quite _________SUCCESS_________ and professional. For example, Ben Collins started his own online company when he was _________REAL_________ young. He was only 17. He says, “My business is ________NATIONAL__________ - we work with people from different countries. In a real office, some people would _________AGREE_________ that someone of my age could be a boss, but when I work online, nobody cares how old I am.” |
| 38. At school, writing essays was a real problem for me, and my grades were always low. _________NATURAL_________ enough, I didn’t like writing and tried to avoid writing lessons at all costs. I thought I didn’t have enough _________IMAGINE_________ for any kind of writing. I only understood what my problem was after school. In a _________SCIENCE_________ journal I saw an article about children’s writing problems. The author claimed that anyone could become a good ________WRITE__________ if they learned some rules. I read and reread the article several times. Then I tried to use the information in practice. I have never become a professional journalists but from time to time I publish some pieces of my _________CREATE_________ writing on my blog. My friends find these essays and stories very ________ENJOY__________. |
| 39. Olivia got a camera for her birthday. Her family was going on a trip to Washington D.C. and Olivia wanted to take pictures of the _________WONDER_________ places she would see. The first place where they stopped was a sandy beach. Olivia took pictures of the ocean and the _________NOISE_________ seagulls. The birds seemed to enjoy being photographed, but it was _________POSSIBLE_________ to go too close to them. Olivia had to take pictures from a distance. Next, the family moved on to the centre of Washington D.C. Olivia's heart was beating with ________EXCITE__________. She got great shots of the White House, the Capitol and some other _________FAME_________ buildings. _________FINAL_________, it was time to head home. Olivia thought about how her friends would be surprised to see her pictures. |
| 40. The 5th of November is Guy Fawkes Night. This holiday is also known as Bonfire Night as lighting bonfires is an essential part of the ________CELEBRATE__________. _________NATURAL_________, it’s one of the favourite holidays for children – they simply can’t miss the firework display. Most parents allow their children to stay outdoors till late at night. It would be _________FAIR_________ to make them stay at home when the sky is lit up with colours. However, children should never be left on their own - bonfires and fireworks are potentially ________DANGER__________. Emergency reports say the number of people needing medical care increases on this night. Some of them have been _________CARE_________ with fire. In spite of the excitement, the children may also catch a cold on this November night. Warm jumpers, coats and gloves are more ________USE__________ than ever. |
| 41. Last year, I became a volunteer in a charity shop. It was an _________USUAL_________ job for me - I had never been involved with charities. Our shop raised money to provide medical care for anyone suffering from any ________ILL__________. The job was not easy but I enjoyed it very much. All my colleagues were very helpful. Their _________FRIEND_________ and support meant a lot to me. Andrew, my boss and _________MANAGE_________, was a smart and well-organized person. He kept saying that we had no right to be indifferent or ________CARE__________ because people’s lives depended on us. Working in the charity shop, I have met some very interesting people and have learnt a lot of practical skills. Volunteering has equipped me with experience which I’m sure will be _________USE_________ for my future. |
| 42. Last year I decided to take an English course in Britain. When I called the language school, the _________MANAGE_________ explained to me everything about the school and the courses. They had an _________IMPRESS_________ range of courses - for all levels and ages. As for the accommodation, there were two options: staying in a student hostel or living with a host family. Naturally enough, I wanted to choose the _________NATIONAL_________ community of the hostel. However, because of my parents’ strong _________AGREEMENT_________ with my choice, I had to stay with the host family. And I didn’t regret it! My host family was ________WONDER__________. They told me a lot about their country and were very curious about mine. We talked a lot and when I came back home, I could speak English ______FLUENT______! |
| 43. I arrived in Liverpool in the afternoon. It was a _________RAIN_________ day but the weather couldn’t spoil my excellent mood – I was in Liverpool! Many people associate this city with the _________FAME_________ musical band, the Beatles. It’s true, the Beatles are everywhere, but today it’s also _________POSSIBLE_________ to imagine Liverpool without its other great passion: football! The city is home to two teams: Liverpool and Everton. Everton is older and was more _________SUCCESS_________ in the past, but since the 1990s it has been Liverpool’s time to shine. I’ve been Liverpool’s _________SUPPORT_________ since I was a small boy. The team is based at the Anfield stadium. I have watched games there twice. It was very _________EXCITE_________ and it was one of the most important memories of my childhood. |
| 44. Last year I learnt Spanish in Barcelona. Spain is an _________AMAZE_________ country and I enjoyed my time there very much. My flatmates were two girls from Germany. They were nice but _________COMMUNICATE_________ was a real problem for us because I didn’t speak German and they didn’t speak English, my first language. Sometimes we felt absolutely ________HELP__________ because we were not able to understand each other. However, it gave us additional motivation to learn Spanish! Very soon my teacher told me that I was speaking it _________FLUENT_________. He was happy with my progress. My flatmates’ grades were _________IMPRESS_________ too! It proved that practice is very important and if you want to speak a foreign language like a native _________SPEAK_________, you should practise it a lot. |
| 45. Sam went to the giant aquarium near his house at least three times a week. He liked the fish and crabs, but the most _________WONDER_________ creatures there were sharks. Sam could watch them for hours. He took photos through the glass and collected _________INFORM_________ about them. It surprised him how fast a massive shark could be. Before the aquarium opened, Sam thought it was ________POSSIBLE__________ for sharks to be so quick and graceful. He knew that sharks were _________DANGER_________ but they seldom attacked people. Many people, however, had hunted them and sharks had become endangered. _________FORTUNATE_________, now there were laws protecting sharks. In the future, Sam wanted to be a _________SCIENCE_________ and study sharks in the wild. |
| 46. There is a popular opinion that all children are talented. It’s true - children are curious and have a good _________IMAGINE_________. It helps them make _________AMAZE_________ things from very routine objects like stones, leaves, or strips of fabric. Coloured paper, watercolours and pencils stimulate their _________CREATE_________ minds a lot too! However, sometimes parents may _________APPROVE_________ of their children’s artistic activities like drawing on the walls and indoor experiments with fireworks. But _________PUNISH_________ is not a good solution! Any art activity develops children’s brains and stimulates their ability in science. Be _________CARE_________ with your children’s natural talents. Never stop them doing an activity but instead create an appropriate and safe environment for it. |
| 47. Recently my neighbour Michael Wilkins got a job in sales. However, soon he found out that being a sales _________MANAGE_________ did not make him happy. He had to work long hours, and the job was _________STRESS_________ and demanding. The atmosphere in the office was very _________FRIENDLY_________ and the workers often quarreled with each other. So Michael decided to look for a more ________ATTRACT__________ job. In the local newspaper, he saw an _________ADVERTISE_________ from a pizzeria. It was close to his house and they needed a waiter. Michael decided to apply and didn’t regret it. “It’s good to feed people. I enjoy seeing them smile – it’s important, isn’t it?” Michael says. Next week he’s going to take a cooking course. On completing it, he will be able to make _________TASTE_________ pizzas himself! |
| 48. It all started in 1865. A group of Frenchmen were having dinner in one of the most _________FASHION_________ restaurants near Paris. They talked about the democratic changes in the USA and wanted to support the American people. After a short _________DISCUSS_________ they agreed on an original idea. The idea was suggested by Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, a sculptor and ________DESIGN_________. He said they could make a statue of a woman holding the torch of freedom. It was an ambitious project and it was _________POSSIBLE_________ to complete it quickly. It actually took 21 years for this idea to become a reality. The French people raised money to build the statue, and, _________FINAL_________, in 1886 it was ready. On July 4, 1886 the United States received their _________AMAZE_________ gift - the Statue of Liberty! |
| 49. Choosing a career is one of the most difficult choices we have to make in our lives. There are lots of interesting and _________EXCITE_________ professions, but which of them is the right choice for you? Researchers who work in _________EDUCATE_________ and sociology asked people across the UK what their dream job would be. And the results were quite _________EXPECTED_________. According to the survey, people find modest jobs like charity work or gardening the most _________ATTRACT_________. Often at the top of their list are jobs such as a nurse or a _________TEACH_________. The study also shows that people in the UK are very _________PRACTICE_________ and focus on dream jobs they have a realistic chance of getting. |
| 50. Yoga is a very popular activity and lots of people practise it nowadays. There is an opinion, however, that to be _________SUCCESS_________ in this activity you should start yoga in early childhood. This is not true! You can start yoga at any time in your life. What you really need is enthusiasm and a good ________TRAIN__________ – yogis often call them a guru. Yoga is not a _________COMPETE_________. You can choose any pace that is ________COMFORT__________ for you. The aim is not to win but to make your body flexible and strong. It’s definitely _________POSSIBLE_________ to improve your body in a few days. It may take lots of time but it’s worth the time and effort. Yoga is an _________EFFECT_________ way to relax your mind. It is useful not only for your body, but for your mind, too. |
Новые задания 2018 г.
1. 'Surfers Against Sewage' (SAS) was founded in 1990 by water sports enthusiasts in the UK. They are an environmental ______ORGANIZE______ that tries to protect the UK’s oceans and beaches. They say that it may be really _____RISK______ to swim in the seas, and even sunbathe on the beaches because of the pollution. When SAS appeared, it informed people about the problem in quite an _____USUAL______ way. They went to public events with their surfboards and handed out leaflets. They _____QUICK____ attracted the attention of the media and people of Britain. They even managed to put pressure on the _____GOVERN_____ to forbid dumping waste in the sea, rivers and lakes. The campaign was indeed ______SUCCESS_____. Officials agreed to spend 8.5 billion pounds on cleaning up Britain’s seas and rivers.
2. Shepherd’s pie started as an old English recipe. The pie gained _____POPULAR_____ in the middle ages. During the reign of Elizabeth I, mince meat pie became a must-have food, probably, because it was easy to cook, ____HEALTH______ and tasty. Until the 16th century potatoes were ____MAIN______ known as pig food. But later they were accepted as a ____BASE____ food in Europe. The Shepherd’s pie recipe changed to include potatoes as an ingredient. And the fame of the dish doubled. Now Shepherd’s pie is considered to be a ____TRADITION_____ British food but similar recipes can be found in other countries, although they may have different names. In Canada, for example, a ____WAIT____ in a restaurant would present it to tourists as Chinese pie.
3. St Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland. St Patrick is _____FAME_____ for his heroic deeds. People gladly believe in ______AMAZE____ tales about St Patrick and don’t look for any historical evidence to prove them. And the facts often _____AGREE______ with the tales. For example, an old legend says that St Patrick drove all the snakes out of Ireland. This myth is actually untrue. At the time snakes appeared on the planet, Ireland was _____COMPLETE_____ covered by water. Now it is an island which means it is surrounded by water. The water makes it ____POSSIBLE____ for snakes to get to the island. The same _____SITUATE____ is true for New Zealand, Greenland, and many other islands.
4. The festival of Halloween has its roots in Celtic traditions.
Over 2,000 years ago the Celts in Britain had a special holiday in late October to mark the _____BEGIN_____ of winter. Another autumn _____CELEBRATE____ was connected with the passing of the dead. These two events later became Halloween. On Halloween children often dress up as ghosts, witches and monsters and go around people's houses, asking for sweets. In most cases the ghosts and witches are not frightening at all, they are even _____FUN______! But remember that if the children don’t get the sweets, they may play some ____PLEASANT_____ joke, for example splash some water on you. Pumpkins also ______SYMBOL_____ Halloween. People ____USUAL____ make lanterns from them.
5. There are lots of products that help us fight bad moods and depression. If you feel down and ____SLEEP____, just get a bar of dark chocolate from the fridge. Chocolate will improve your mood and you’ll feel ______CHEER_____ and happy again. This ____INFORM____ is often used in chocolate adverts. Unfortunately, we can’t use this method too often. The positive effect does not last long. Meanwhile chocolate is not _____HARM_____ food. It contains fat and sugar which can make you overweight. Some people may also be allergic to chocolate and it can affect their _____APPEAR______, causing skin problems. The alternative and _____ABSOLUTE___ safe method to fight depression is doing sport. It can be recommended to everyone!
6. It's not at all surprising that weather is a favourite topic for many people around the world. It affects where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our _____NATION____ character. A _____SUN_____ day can blow away the deepest depression. And a gloomy rainy day can make you feel lonely and ____HAPPY____. ‘I’m feeling a bit under the weather’ is a common complaint in Britain, _____ESPECIAL_____ on Monday mornings. The weather can really be ____RESPONSE___ for moods and scientists have proved this fact. There is a ____CONNECT____ between our mood and the weather we are having. But remember that good weather will have good effects on your mood only if you spend more than 30 minutes outdoors a day.
7. Scientists have found that there is a direct _____CONNECT____ between sunshine and our good mood. They noticed that people are kinder and more ____HELP____ and easy-going when the sun is out. Sunlight ____DEFINITE____ improves negative moods and makes us feel less tired and more energetic. On the other hand, very hot weather may cause strong _____COMFORT____. As a result, we may feel depressed, irritated and even aggressive. On ______RAIN______ days people say they're less satisfied with their lives. But whatever the weather is, it’s important to spend enough time outdoors. Fresh air and sports can make any day feel _____FANTASY____!
8. People in Britain often talk about climate and weather. They usually complain about their ____CHANGE____ weather. However, there are parts of the world where extreme weather causes real dangers to the _____POPULATE____. Sandstorms, tornadoes and floods ____REGULAR____ cause massive destruction. Lots of people become ____HOME____. To prevent this destruction, it’s important to forecast disasters in advance. Japan is the world ____LEAD______ in using new technology for this purpose. The Japanese have also worked out an _____EFFECT_____ system of informing people: phone companies automatically notify their customers about emergencies and disasters. These warnings are very efficient, and free of charge.
9. In 2005 the rock group The Rolling Stones released an album called ‘A Bigger Bang’. Many critics chose it as their favourite. This isn’t very ____SURPRISE___, but just think, it's their 25th album, and the Rolling Stones have been on the stage for more than 40 years! The lead ____SING____, Mick Jagger, the guitarist Keith Richards and the other musicians are over 60! And they are not losing their ___POPULAR____, even nowadays. However, they are still much more ____FAME____ for the songs they made in the 1960s and 70s. But, you know what? Young people _____REGULAR____ listen to the Rolling Stones with their fathers and granddads. Isn't that_____IMPRESS____? In all aspects, theirs has been a remarkable career.
10.They say that pop music is created by and for young people. It often happens this way. A young ____SING_____ makes one or two good records at the start of their career. Every year, lots of new stars become ____FAME____ but for a short time. And just a year or two later they either ____APPEAR___ or make less interesting records. It is difficult to find musicians who could make great records for a long time. Lots of popular groups from the 1970s, for example, are still better known for the songs they made in their ____SUCCESS____ past than for their more recent recordings. Some performers leave the stage but don't lose their ____POPULAR____. They continue to appear ___REGULAR___ on TV as presenters, or in chat and reality shows.
11.In Moscow, there are approximately 35,000 dogs living on the streets. Some of these ____HOME____ animals were born there. Others are just _____LUCKY____ pets that have been abandoned by their owners. For many dogs the city may be a ____DANGER___ place to live in. However, scientists were surprised to find out how ____EASY____ some animals can adapt to urban life. Some dogs have even learnt to use the city’s metro system! We still don't know how the dogs find out when to get off the train. One ___SUGGEST___ is that they use their excellent sense of smell to recognise the scents of their favourite destinations. Another idea is that they are able to remember the design of ___DIFFER___ stations and find the station they need.
12.Most graffiti street artists are anonymous. However there are some artists who have become globally ___FAME___. Like the twin brothers from Brazil who call themselves Os Gemeos. They paint everything from small images to huge, ___COLOUR___ pictures of people on buildings. Another celebrity among graffiti artists is Blek le Rat from Paris. He paints pictures of ___HOME___ people. In this way he hopes to encourage residents to think ____SERIOUS___ about the problems of these people. Another well-known artist is Faith 47 from Cape Town. She paints big bright pictures of people and animals. The works of this ___PAINT____ can be found on pavements, empty factory buildings, and abandoned cars. It is ____POSSIBLE____ to predict how street art will develop in the future but we can be sure that it is here to stay!
13.Kelly's family loved to watch football together. Sometimes they watched college games, but normally they watched ____PROFESSION_____ teams play. This evening was special. Two teams were playing in the final match of the ___CHAMPION____. Kelly's favourite team had actually got to the final this year, which ____RARE_____ happened. "They're going to win for sure! It will be ___FAIR_____ if they lose!" Kelly thought. Watching the football game needed the presence of the whole family and lots of tasty food. So Kelly's mum had made barbecue meatballs. Uncle Jolyon had brought a ____SPICE___ cheese sauce and chips. Aunt Katie brought some cakes. When the game started, everyone cheered. It seemed to Kelly that every ____PLAY_____ of her team was doing their best to win-win-win! And they did!
14.The Nobel Prize is a very prestigious award. Alfred Nobel, a successful businessman and the _____INVENT_____ of explosives, established prizes for achievements in science, literature and economics. Another award, the Oscar, is ____PROBABLE____ the most famous prize in the film industry. The ceremony is an ____IMPRESS____ event with lots of film stars. There are lots of musical awards – Grammies, Brits, and the MTV awards for music, the list is ____END_____. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their novel at the top of the bestseller lists and compete with ‘The Da Vinci Code’ for _____POPULAR____. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists, and each year it causes heated discussions. Artists get lots of money for their ____USUAL____ and sometimes even strange works.
15.Ecotourism is getting more and more popular. It offers two things at once: ____EDUCATE____ and entertainment. Most people agree that ecotourism is the most _____HARM_____ branch of tourism. It makes profit without destroying ______NATURE_____ resources. When tourists choose eco trips, they stay in local houses with local people, not in _____EXPENSE_____ hotels. They travel on foot, by boat, bicycle or elephant to avoid pollution. However, such trips are not at all cheap. This is ____PROBABLE____ the only disadvantage. But you can apply the principles of ecotourism every time you go on a normal holiday. You should remember that you're only a ____VISIT_____ and be as careful as possible.
16.Ireland is the country of myths and legends. Even the local people are not sure which of them were based on facts and which are the product of someone’s ____CREATE____ imagination. Leprechauns are ____PROBABLE____ the most famous characters from Irish mythology. They are depicted as old bearded men. Their ____RESPONSIBLE____ is to guard the treasure of the fairies. Unfortunately, rainbows always point to the _____LOCATE____ of the treasure and the Leprechaun must rehide it. And there are plenty of rainbows in Ireland! Leprechauns are always busy. They are always very ____CARE____ and try to be invisible to people. But if you manage to catch some ____LUCKY___ Leprechaun, he must either give you his treasure or grant you three wishes.
17.It’s obvious that language skills are essential for everyone today. Foreign languages are very _____USE_______ not only for travelling, but also for studying and building a career. There are lots of ___DIFFER_____ ways to learn a new language. However, everyone agrees that learning languages is ____POSSIBLE____ without dictionaries. The main job of any dictionary is to explain what words mean. This can be done via ____TRANSLATE_____ or the unknown word can be explained in other words. It’s also good if the dictionary contains some examples of how the word is used – it helps to understand the ____MEAN_____ much better. If you are a busy _____LEARN_______, you probably prefer online dictionaries to paper ones. Online dictionaries are very convenient to use if you have Internet access.
18.My friend, Mary, is an extraordinary girl. She has always tried new things – new sports and new hobbies. She says life should be _____INTEREST_______ and it should change all the time. Now she has a new idea – she wants to be a firefighter. You may say that it is not a job for girls, but Mary will ___AGREE_____ with this. In her opinion, putting out fires is a ____DANGER_____ job but women are able to do it too. She has enrolled in a special training school where they learn skills and study firefighting ____EQUIP_____. The teenagers in the camp also learn how to work as a team, which is a very ___USE_____ skill wherever you work. And Mary is sure her team will be effective in any ___SITUATE_____.
19.There is a belief that some jobs suit men better than women and some other jobs are more appropriate for women than for men. Nowadays, women more and more often take jobs that ______TRADITIONAL________ were done by men. A lot of women do ___DANGER_____ and difficult jobs, becoming astronauts, pilots, and firefighters. No one is surprised when a girl wants to be a police officer or a train _____DRIVE____. In sports you can see a similar ____SITUATE____. Girls play football, ice hockey, go boxing and do other sports that seem to be ______USUAL_________ for women. But the girls say that it is ____EXCITE_____ and they cannot see any reason why they should not go into the sport they like.
20.Mark is an old friend of mine. I’m very proud of our friendship because Mark is a very ____INTEREST_____ person. He is very talented and ____CREATE_____. He can play the piano and the violin and the guitar but he is not a professional ____MUSIC_____. He plays only for his family and friends. We have encouraged Mark to try singing too, but he refuses and says he has an ___PLEASANT_____ voice. That is certainly not true – he has a nice voice, though he cannot sing very ______LOUD_________. Now we are arranging a school band and I want to ask Mark to join it. I think if he starts performing in public, he’ll become a more confident and more ____SUCCESS____ person.
21.Russia is a large country with great diversity in flora and fauna. There are several large ____NATION_________ parks in Russia. A lot of different animals live there. Wolves are probably the best known, and are very well studied animals, so we have enough ______INFORM________ about their diet and behaviour. The wolf is a good ______HUNT_________. They usually hunt wild animals like deer and hares, but sometimes they can attack sheep, goats, and cows. The wolf tries to avoid people and only goes into villages when he is _______REAL______ hungry. In some ______RUSSIA________ tales, the wolf is often represented as a clever animal that helps the main character, Ivan. The wolf is usually direct and _____CREATE________ and helps Ivan to cope with many difficult problems.
22.Learning languages is important nowadays. It is interesting and ___USE____. Language skills help people to travel, study, and establish ___PROFESSION____ links with colleagues from other countries. Some people say that learning languages is easy but others strongly ___AGREE____. They say that learning languages takes a lot of time and they are not happy with their progress anyway. Meanwhile, there are some strategies that can make you a successful language _____LEARN____ and save your time. The first idea is watching films in the original. If the films are ____INTEREST____, learning is just fun, not hard work. Online and live ___COMMUNICATE____ with people in the language you are learning also helps a lot.
23.I’m not a child but I still like cartoons and animated films. ___RECENT____, I enrolled in an animation course in our university. The ____TEACH_____ of the course explained to us how animated films are made. Basically, animation is just a series of pictures with a character. Each picture is a little ____DIFFER_______. When you show the pictures really fast, it looks like they are moving. Some people say animation is not a serious thing. I strongly ___AGREE_____. Animated films may be ___FUN_____ but clever and useful to learn new skills. I believe they can be used in many spheres, and most importantly of all in ___EDUCATE_____.
24.Not everyone likes street art. ____USUAL________ nobody asks owners’ permission before drawing graffiti on their houses. Sometimes the drawings may be ___INTEREST_____ and nice but sometimes messy and ugly. What is graffiti – a form of art or vandalism? It depends on the drawing, I think. A friend of mine, John, is a street __ART____. He says that street art is a form of ____COMMUNICATE____. A person can tell you nice or rude things, can’t he? As for John, he is a really nice and ___CREATE_____ person. He enjoys drawing _____VARY_______ characters from animated films. When my neighbours saw his drawings, they asked him to paint some pictures on the wall of their house. Just to make it look brighter and more positive.
25.What is the most eco-friendly transport? I believe it’s the bicycle. There are a lot of bicycles on the streets of our town and that is probably why it looks so green and ____BEAUTY___. There are cycle lanes all over the town so using your bike to get to school or to the office is safe and convenient. ___FORTUNATELY____, some people still prefer driving cars even for short distances. They make the environment less _____HEALTH_____. As for me, I enjoy riding my bike very much and all my friends say that I’m a good ____RIDE____. Next month I’m going to take part in a regional cycling _____COMPETE_____ and I hope to win it. I don't think I will stop riding my bicycle till I’m ____REAL____ old.
26.Koalas are cute animals. _____FORTUNATELY_______, it causes them lots of problems. There are people who want to keep the cute exotic animal as a pet which may put the koala in a really ____DANGER_____ situation. The problem is that the koala’s diet is very specific. To stay ______HEALTH______ they should only eat eucalyptus leaves. The leaves need to be young and fresh, which means a person who keeps a koala should also have a lot of eucalyptus trees. Andrew Page, a ___SCIENCE_______ who has been studying koalas for years, says that it’s a bad idea to keep this animal as a pet. According to him, people who try to do it usually have very little _____INFORM________ about koala’s lifestyle. And their ignorance can often cost the ___BEAUTY______ animal its life.
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Alex.
... Yesterday we celebrated Thanksgiving. This is one of our favourite family holidays when we all get together. And my mother makes a wonderful pumpkin pie!…
...What holiday do you like most and why? How do you celebrate your birthday? What present would you like to get for your next birthday? ...
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Ann.
…Oh, my friend is so charming! Everybody in the class is ready to help her. But, you know, I sometimes think she’s just using people to get what she wants…
…What kind of person is your best friend? When and where did you meet? How do you spend time together?…
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Jane.
… Last month I was late for my classes several times. Though I wasn’t late on purpose and it wasn’t actually my fault, I was punished. ...
…Do any students in your class sometimes come too late to school? What are their usual reasons for coming late? Is there any punishment for late comers at your school and what is it?...
You have 30 minutes to do this task.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Ben.
… My mum always says “There’s no bad weather, there’re bad clothes!” That’s why she keeps telling me to put on warm clothes even in spring. …
…Do you agree with the English proverb about bad weather and bad clothes, why? What clothes do you prefer to wear out of school? What are your favourite colours for clothes? …
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Andrew.
...My parents want me to do music. It’s not what I really want to do but I have no choice. I’ve promised my parents to take at least 20 lessons. It means I won’t have any free time for about three months! Awful, isn’t it?...
…What do you do in your free time? What kind of music do you like? What musical instrument would you like to play, if any?...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, John.
….Frankly, I don’t understand why some people like classical music. I adore rock and usually listen to it on my way home from school. If my favourite band comes to our town, I’ll definitely go to their concert...
….What kind of music do you like? Do you think it is necessary to have music lessons at school, why? What musical instrument would you like to play?...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Sandra.
… I’ve just returned from our local museum. I have seen lots of curious things and I have learned some new information about our town. I was surprised that a visit to a museum could be so enjoyable...
...Do you find visiting museums interesting and why? What museum would you like to set up, if any? What do you enjoy doing in your free time?...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Bella.
…What an awful task –to read boring books all summer! And the list is so long! I like reading but the books I like are usually not my school’s choice…
…How long is your school’s list of books? What kind of books do you like to read? Do you think an electronic book is a good choice when you’re travelling in the summer, why? …
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Diana
...It may sound unusual, but my friend likes reading very much. He reads not only popular books but classics as well. As for me, I read only books from the school list…
... What books do you like to read? Do you prefer e-books or paper books and why? What hobbies apart from reading are popular with your friends?...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Bill.
…. My older brother has decided to collect mugs, imagine that. He has already got eight mugs from different places he has visited. It’s a nice collection but it takes up so much room …
…Why do people collect things? What do you collect or what would you like to collect? What other hobbies are popular with teenagers in your country? …
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Boris.
…and then she gave me a present: two tickets to the theatre. It was a great performance and the actors were wonderful. I am not a theatre goer but even I was impressed. …
…Do you think it’s exciting to be a famous actor, why? When did you last see a theatrical performance? What do you like to do in your free time? …
Write him a letter and answer his 3 questions.
You have received a letter from your English–speaking pen friend, Annette.
… I have found a summer job in the pizzeria and I hope to earn enough money to buy a guitar.
…How do teenagers get pocket money in your country? What summer jobs are popular with Russian teenagers? What kind of summer jobs would you choose for yourself and why? …
Write her a letter and answer his 3 questions.
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Sally.
… I had to change school because we had moved to a new house. My new school is right next to it. It is very convenient but everything is so strange here: new rules, a new uniform, new people. I haven’t made any friends yet ...
…How long does it take you to get to your school? What clothes do you wear to school? How do you spend time with your school friends? …
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Linda
...I’ve just changed school. I’m fond of Mathematics and it’s the major subject in my new school. The only thing I don’t like here is too much homework! ...
…What is your favourite subject? How long does it take you to do your homework? What do you do in your free time?...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Jim
… We are having a Maths test tomorrow. It makes me feel scared! I would rather have three language tests instead of one Maths test. I really find learning foreign languages interesting and not difficult at all. ...
…What subject is the most difficult for you? What do you do to improve your English? What language apart from English would you like to learn and why?...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Zack
... You know, I love history so much that maybe I’ll become a historian in the future. I think it is very interesting and important to know and understand your past. …
... What school subjects do you find the most important? Is there any school subject that you’d like to study more and why? What career would you like to choose in the future?...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Susanna.
… The end of the school year is usually a very stressful time for me. We have to take lots of tests and exams. The only thing that makes me happy is that the holidays are coming. ...
…What exams do you take this year? How do you prepare for your English exam? What are your plans for the coming summer holidays?...
You have received a letter from your English–speaking pen friend, Steve.
… We moved and I had to change school. In the new school, they wear uniform. I don’t like the uniform but I have to wear it.
…Do Russian schoolchildren wear uniform in school? Do you have a uniform in your school? Do you think wearing uniform is necessary for students, why? …
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Colin.
... You’ve probably seen the photos which I took on my holiday. During the rainy day we are having now they bring back good memories! The countryside, the mountains, and I could ride my bicycle all day long! ...
...Where did you spend your last summer holidays? What did you do during your holidays? What holidays do you like more (summer or winter holidays) and why?...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Charles.
…Time has come to choose a profession for the future. I’m still thinking about it but I really don’t know what career to choose…
…What would you like to be in the future? Will you use English for your future job? What do your parents advise you to be? …
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Helen.
…Sometimes I hate our school radio because they talk about things everyone knows. And news should be fresh! One day I will be a reporter and will show them how to produce really good news…
…How do you get to know what’s happening in the world? What are you going to be? Do you think English will be necessary for your future career, why? …
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Rose.
…I’ve just been to Australia. I saw kangaroos and koalas! I even learned surfing at one of the Australian beaches! That was unbelievable! I definitely want to go there again!
…Where did you spend your last summer? What did you like most about it? Which country would you like to visit one day, why? …
You have received a letter from your English–speaking pen friend, Chris.
… I enjoy travelling, and I travel a lot with my family.
…Do you like travelling, why? Where would you like to go? What is your favourite means of transport, why? ...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Daniel.
…My mum still can’t download new music into her mobile phone. She says when she was young, there were no mobile phones at all. I just can’t believe it!…
... What do you use your mobile phone for? Can you do without your mobile phone and why? What other digital do you find the most important for you?...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Phil
… I’ve just watched a TV series about robots, their past and future. Robots are so cool! If only they could do my homework…
...What jobs would you like a robot to do at your home? What else can robots be used for? Do you find science fiction films interesting or not, and why?....
You have received a letter from your English–speaking pen friend, Lily.
… My older brother spends too much time playing computer games. His passion for computers worries the whole family.
…Are you keen on computer games? What do you use your computer for? How long do your parents let you use a computer a day? Why? …
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Paul.
… Yesterday we had a class where we discussed different ecological problems. Our teacher suggested opening an eco-club, where we can do something useful for the environment...
…What ecological problem do you consider the most serious? What can young people do to protect the environment? Do you think ecological problems should be discussed at school, and why?
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Kate.
…Yesterday was a special day –we had the Earth Hour. My town (and lots of towns around) went dark for one hour. It’s one of the ideas of an ecological group called the Green Movement. We switched off the lights to draw people’s attention to the poor ecological situation on the planet …
…Do people have the Earth Hour in your country? What can people do to save energy in their everyday life? Do you approve of the Green Movement, why? …
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Megan.
… My parents say that I watch TV too much. And they are not always happy with the programmes I watch. I understand that often watching TV is waste of time but I can’t live without TV anyway. ...
…How much do you watch TV? What do you prefer: watching TV or browsing the Internet, why? What else do you do in your free time?...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Kevin.
…You’ll never believe it but I tried to run a marathon last Saturday. It was awful and in half an hour I was out of the race. So, now I realized how weak and unfit my body is. It’s probably because I watch sports on TV much more often than do it...
….What do you do to keep fit? What sports facilities do you have in your school? What kind of sport do you find ideal for young people? Why?
You have received a letter from your English–speaking pen friend, Bruce.
… Lots of people do sports but I’m not keen on any sport. I prefer reading detective stories. My parents keep saying that everyone should do some sport.
…Do you agree with them and why? What sport do you do? What else do you do to keep fit? ...
You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend, Alice.
…My friend has decided to become a model and has just gone on a diet. I told her that it could be dangerous but she wouldn’t listen. Besides, she is a vegetarian, so there are not many products she can let herself eat now…
…Why do people become vegetarians? What do you do to keep fit? What food do you try to avoid? …
Личное письмо
Личное письмо, по сути, — это жанр естественной письменной речи, предполагающий неформальный стиль общения и коммуникации на определенном языке.
Письмо как задание — это проверка не только письменной речи, но и знания норм речевого этикета, принятых в стране изучаемого языка. Поэтому недостаточно полно и грамотно ответить на заданные вопросы, нужно текст личного характера вставить в структуру личного письма, принятую в стране изучаемого языка. И все это должно соответствовать объему в 100–120 слов.
Письма проверяются по четырем критериям:
- Решение коммуникативной задачи (то есть содержание) — 3 балла;
- Организация текста (его структура и логика рассуждения) — 2 балла;
- Лексико-грамматическое оформление речи — 3 балла;
- Орфография и пунктуация — 2 балла .
Максимальное количество баллов за этот вид задания — 10.
Разберем задание по критериям.
Говоря о первом критерии, можно заметить, что наличие структурных элементов личного письма влияет на баллы за содержание. Здесь учитывается выбор обращения, благодарность за письмо, упоминания о предыдущих контактах, надежда на будущие контакты, завершающая фраза, подпись. То есть все это должно присутствовать в письме в правильном стилевом оформлении.
Что это значит?
Выбор обращения. Здесь можно дать однозначный ответ — неформальным обращением в английском языке для письменной речи может быть только “Dear…” Часто в письмах встречаются такие слова как “Hello!” или “Hi,”. Это не обращение, это приветствие. Зачем же рисковать баллами! В задании всегда дано имя автора письма, которому вы пишите ответ, соответственно, после слова “Dear….” должно последовать имя “Dear John,”. Если вы его не упомянули или написали имя, не соответствующее заданию, или вместо имени написано слово “friend” пункт засчитан не будет.
Благодарность за письмо. Традиционно для этого достаточно фразы «Спасибо за письмо» в разных интерпретациях: “Thank you / Thanks (a lot) for your (recent / previous) letter”. Можно написать и просто “Thanks for your letter”, но согласитесь, что слова “recent / previous” покажут, что ваш словарный запас не на элементарном уровне.
Упоминание о предыдущих контактах. Тут нужно написать фразу, которая даст понять, что это не первое ваше письмо другу по переписке. Какие возможны варианты? “Sorry for not writing for so long / a long time.”, “Sorry, I couldn’t write earlier.”, “It was nice / great to hear from you again.”, “I was glad to get / receive your letter.”
А вот задавать вопросы «Как дела?», «Как твои родители?», «Что нового?» не нужно. Они не выполняют коммуникативной задачи, более того, отнимают у вас объем.
Ответы на вопросы должны быть полными. Недостаточно ответить одним простым предложением. Для полного ответа нужна распространенная фраза. Приведем пример:
“What films do you like to watch? Do you prefer watching films at home or in the cinema and why? Do you and your friends like cartoons?”
Ответ на первый вопрос “I like to watch comedies” не будет считаться полным. Необходимо еще одна фраза, объясняющая или распространяющая ответ “I like to watch comedies because they are so funny” или “I like comedies. I can’t help laughing while watching them” или “I do like comedies. They’re great.” и так далее.
Ответ на второй вопрос обязательно должен быть с объяснением, так как он завершается вопросительным словом “why”. Лучше всего связать ответ и объяснение словом “because”, например, “I prefer watching films in the cinema because I like to watch them on a big screen”, “I prefer watching films in the cinema with my friends because it’s more exciting than to stay at home alone”. Но можно записать и двумя предложениями. “I prefer cinemas. They are very comfortable nowadays” или “I enjoy big screen, popcorn and a company of friends. So I prefer cinema”. А вот объяснять что-то словом “interesting” не стоит. «Я люблю это, потому что это интересно» даже в русском языке звучит примитивно и не аргументированно. Само слово, конечно же, нужно использовать, но в хорошем распространенном предложении: “It’s interesting to watch films with friends.” Можно и так: “It’s interesting to watch films on a big screen and with good sound”.
Отвечая на третий вопрос, помните, что говорилось выше. Полный ответ не может быть простым, он должен быть распространенным. Но хотелось бы обратить внимание еще на одну деталь, которую учащиеся зачастую просто не замечают. Это точное и полное понимание вопроса. В приведенном примере в последнем вопросе спрашивается не о твоем отношении к мультфильмам, а о твоем отношении и отношении твоих друзей. На первый взгляд кажется мелочью. Но если ответ будет такой “I don’t like cartoons at all”или “I like cartoons very much”, он не будет засчитан как полный, так как в нем нет ни единого слова о друзьях. Чтобы сделать приведенные выше ответы полными, их можно дописать фразой «как и мои друзья»: “I don’t like cartoons at all like my friends” или “Neither my friends nor me like cartoons”, “My friends and I like (enjoy) cartoons”. Но и эти ответы могут не засчитать полными, если вы не уточните: “They are for kids (children)”, “They are funny and merry”.
Это еще не все подводные камни в данном пункте. Рассмотрим следующий пример:
“When are you going to have your exams? What exams have you chosen? What are your plans for the summer holidays?”
В первом вопросе нужен конкретный ответ на вопрос «когда». По факту получается, что ребенок уже сдает экзамены, некоторые он сдал, могут быть еще, а экзамен по английскому языку он сдает в данный момент. Учащиеся нередко пишут то, что есть на самом деле «в данный момент я сдаю экзамен по английскому». Это нарушает коммуникативную задачу, ведь по заданию ребенок пишет письмо другу по переписке дома, он не может этого делать на экзамене. Поэтому отвечать на вопросы нужно конкретно. Иногда следует включить воображение, представив, что сидишь и пишешь письмо, а экзамены еще впереди “I’m going to take my exams in June”, “Soon I’m taking Maths exam and then will be Russian”, “I’m taking my first exam on the 5th of June. It’ll be Maths. After that will be Russian exam”. Следует обратить внимание на множественное число “exams”, следовательно, и отвечать нужно не об одном экзамене, а о нескольких. Наиболее точно это можно объяснить на следующем вопросе “What exams have you chosen?”. Здесь спрашивается, какие экзамены ты выбрал. Заметьте, не один экзамен, а экзамены. Ответ “I’ve chosen English” не будет считаться полным, так как указан только один предмет, предложение простое, нераспространенное. Чуть усложним “I’ve chosen English and Literature. They are my favourite subjects” и получим полный ответ, который точно будет засчитан.
Перейдем к третьему вопросу “What are your plans for the summer holidays?”. Спрашивается о планах на летние каникулы. Кажется, что ответа “We are going to visit Spain” или “I will go to my country house” будет достаточно. Но слово “plans” тоже во множественном числе, значит нужно расписать планы подробнее, что вы конкретно собираетесь делать или распространить предложение: “After my exams we are going to visit Spain. I’d like to see all the sights”, или “I will go to our country house to relax and have rest after my exams”, или “I’m going to visit my granny. I’ll help her in the garden, read books and spend time on the fresh air”.
Нужно помнить некоторые нюансы:
- не отвечайте односложно, составляйте полные, распространенные предложения, лучше два предложения на один вопрос;
- обращайте внимание на число в запрашиваемой информации;
- на вопросы «когда», «где», «куда» отвечайте конкретно;
- не игнорируйте вопрос «почему».
После полного ответа на все вопросы ни в коем случае не задавайте свои. Такого задания вы не получали
Как закончить письмо? Очень часто можно встретить фразы “Sorry. I have to go. I have to do my homework. / My mum is calling me.”, “That’s all for now.”
После этого необходима завершающая фраза и подпись автора. Некоторые считают, что завершить письмо можно только пожеланием, забывая о надежде на будущие контакты. Для того, чтобы стилистически грамотно завершить письмо, выражаем надежду на будущие контакты фразами “Write me back. / Write back soon. / Keep in touch. / Drop me a line”, “ Hope to hear from you soon.
Завершающей фразой на отдельной строке мы желаем всего хорошего “Best wishes, / Yours, /With love,”/ Love ,, не забывая ставить запятую.
На отдельной строке под завершающей фразой мы подписываем письмо своим именем, желательно сокращенным “Alex / Kate / Kirill / Nick”.
Важно помнить, что при проверке письма в первую очередь эксперт подсчитает количество слов. Письма объемом менее 90 слов проверяться не будут, и за задание С1 вы получите 0 баллов по всем критериям. Если же письмо содержит более 132 слов (120 +10%), отчеркивается 120 и проверка производится только над чертой. В этом случае вы потеряете баллы по первому и второму критерию, так как будут отсутствовать завершающая фраза, надежда на будущие контакты, подпись.
Второй критерий «Организация текста» проверяет расположение структурных элементов на своем месте и в правильном порядке, а также логику высказывания и умение использовать средства логической связи.
Вроде бы ничего сложного, но когда эксперт начинает проверять огромное количество писем, он сталкивается с личным «вкладом» учителя в структуру письма. Многие учителя, репетиторы, а порой и сами дети, заучивают неверные структурные элементы личного письма.
Попробуем развеять все сомнения и разберем каждый элемент структуры отдельно.
Адрес должен быть кратким. Это значит, что автор указывает город и страну, где было написано письмо. Адрес записывается в правом верхнем углу (с этого и начинается написание письма), город и страна написаны в столбик
Moscow
Russia
9.06.2017
название страны записано под названием города без знаков препинания.
Дата записывается под адресом с правой стороны. Допускаются различные способы написания даты, но лучше остановиться на привычном варианте чч.мм.гг. Например, June 1, 2016 / 1 June 2016 — считаются как три слова, 1.06.2016 считается как одна лексическая единица.
Обращение должно быть записано с левой стороны на отдельной строке.
Благодарность за письмо и ссылка на предыдущие контакты записываются отдельным абзацем.
Далее с красной строки начинаем отвечать на вопросы. Чтобы плавно перейти к ответам на вопросы, можно использовать различные фразы “Well / I can say that / You asked me about…./ As you interested in…/ I’d like to tell you about ….”. Отвечая на вопросы, используйте так называемые linking words (связующие слова) внутри предложения “and / but / because / that’s why”, а также “Firstly, secondly…. / on the one hand, on the other hand / Actually / Anyway / To my mind / In my opinion / As for me” и другие фразы, связывая предложения между собой. Причем не нужно перегружать ими текст. Достаточно иметь на вооружении несколько фраз, которые вы сможете использовать как в письменной, так и в устной речи. Ответы на все вопросы записываются одним абзацем. Не нужно выделять каждый ответ красной строкой.
Надежда на будущие контакты пишется на отдельной строке слева.
Пожелания пишутся на следующей строке также с левой стороны.
Заканчивается письмо подписью, которая записывается под пожеланиями на отдельной строке.
Схематично это выглядит так:
| Moscow Russia 11/05/2017 |
| Dear Ann,, |
| Thank you for your letter. Sorry for not writing for so long. (I was getting ready (preparing) for my exams.) |
| Well / You asked me / As for me…….. Основное содержание письма:— выполнение задания, (то есть полные ответы на 3 вопроса) |
| That’s all for now. I’ve got to do my homework for tomorrow. |
| Hope to hear from you soon. |
| Love, |
| Alex |
Таким образом, по второму критерию нужно запомнить следующее:
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