Exercise 1. Make up imperative sentences.
Note. Please is introduced before or after the imperative for polite requests.
Ask your friend:
1. to go to the blackboard;
2. to give you a fountain-pen;
3. to fetch some chalk;
4. to find lesson 11;
5. to speak louder;
6. to meet you at 5;
7. to go to the laboratory with you;
8. to write exercise 3 at home;
9. to learn this poem by heart;
10. to write down the new words;
11. to repeat the sentence three times;
12. to look at the blackboard;
13. to listen to the new text;
14. to show you the way to the theatre.
Exercise 2. Make up negative imperative sentences.
Tell your friend:
1. not to open the door;
2. not to leave the room;
3. not to take the chalk;
4. not to write this exercise;
5. not to make such a noise;
6. not to smoke in the room;
7. not to send a telegram today;
8. not to bite the pencil;
9. not to talk so loudly;
10. not to go there alone;
11. not to close the window;
12. not to read text 7;
13. not to be late next time.
Exercise 3. Invite your friend to do something together.
1. go to the cinema;
2. play tennis;
3. watch TV;
4. listen to music;
5. do homework;
6. make a cake;
7. cook dinner;
8. have lunch;
9. go to the disco;
10. dance rock-and-roll;
11. have a break;
12. go to the South.
Exercise 4. Refuse to do something and ask a 3rd person to do it.
MODEL: I don’t want to wash the dishes. (my brother) – Let my brother wash the dishes.
1. I don’t want to cook lunch. (Granny)
2. I don’t want to type the report. (the secretary)
3. I don’t want to make coffee. (the assistant)
4. I don’t want to plant trees. (father)
5. I don’t want to water flowers. (my sister)
6. I don’t want to clean the blackboard. (the monitor)
7. I don’t want to sing at the concert. (Jane)
8. I don’t want to play the part of Juliet. (Anna)
9. I don’t want to clean the floor. (my cousin)
10. I don’t want to make the report. (the boss)
11. I don’t want to repair the car. (the mechanic)
12. I don’t want to read a book to my younger sister. (mother)
Exercise 5. Translate the following into English:
1. Принеси воды.
2. Не бери бумагу.
3. Дай мне лист бумаги.
4. Выпей стакан молока. (to have milk).
5. Положи капусту на стол, я собираюсь варить обед.
6. Не бери эти ножницы, они сломаны.
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7. Съешь еще каши.
8. Не покупай эти огурцы, мне они не нравятся.
9. Не забудь купить хлеба.
10. Не оставляй хлеб на столе, поставь его в буфет (sideboard).
11. Принесите, пожалуйста, немного мела.
12. Я не очень хорошо себя чувствую, пусть мама вызовет врача.
13. Пойдем вечером в кино.
14. Пусть секретарь напечатает этот доклад немедленно.
15. Давайте организуем вечеринку!
THERE IS / THERE ARE
1. Sentences with the construction there is / there are are used when speaking about some thing or person that is or is not in a definite place.
e. g. There is a newspaper on the table. - На столе газета.
There are students in the classroom. - В классе студенты.
2. If there are several subjects in the sentence with there is / there are, the form of the verb “to be” depends on the number of the subject that immediately follows it.
e. g. There is a table and four chairs in the room.
There are five chairs and a table in the room.
3. To form questions we put the verb “to be” in front of the word “there”.
e. g. Is there a map in the room?
Very often we use an indefinite pronoun “any”, especially before uncountable nouns, e. g. Is there any chalk on the table?
4. Special questions with there is / there are.
As the aim of the speaker is to inform about a thing or person, such sentences can be answers to “what / who” questions.
e. g. What is there on the table? - There is a book on the table.
Who is there in the library? - There are students in the library.
N. B.! Don’t mix up there is / there are sentences with those speaking about the place that can be answers to “where” questions.
e. g. The book is on the table. - Where is the book?
You can’t put “where” questions to the sentences with there is / there are.
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5. Negative sentences with there is/there are may be formed:'
a) with the help of the negative pronoun “no” which is put before the subject and replaces the article.
e. g. There is a garden in front of our house. - There is no garden in front our house.
b) with the help of “not”, which is put after there is /there are.
e. g. There isn’t any tea in the cup.
There aren’t many books on the shelf.
In negative sentences some - any; a lot of- many, muck; already - yet; still - any longer; also, as well, too - either.
e. g. There is already a lot of snow in the street. - There isn’t much snow in the street yet.
There are also five chairs in the room. - There aren’t five chairs in the room either.
6. The difference between there and it.
- We use there + be to mention something for the first time or to say that something or someone exists. We use It + be to give more details about something or someone that has already been mentioned. We also use It to refer to a person when we are identifying him or her.
e.g. There is a message for you. It is from your boss. ‘Who’s on the phone?’ ‘It’s Mr. Fox.’
(NOT: He is Mr. Fox.)
- We can use It as the subject to talk about weather, distance, temperature and time and also with: It seems/appears that/It is said that, It doesn’t matter, It looks like, etc.
e.g. It’s a ten-minute drive to the station. It’s 23 °C outside.
It seems that there are some problems with the new management. OR There seem to be some problems with the new management.
- We use It to talk about something that has already been made clear. We use one when it is not clear which thing in particular we are talking about.
e.g. I can’t find my wallet. Have you seen it? (The speaker is talking about a specific wallet.)
I haven’t got any nice jumpers; I need to buy one. (The speaker is not talking about a specific jumper.)
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Make the following sentences plural:
1. There is a sentence on the blackboard.
2. Is there a desk in the room?
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3. There is not any book on the table.
4. Is there a dictionary on the chair?
5. There is a match in the box.
6. There is a girl in the picture.
7. There is no child in their family.
8. There is a telegram on the table.
9. There is a cinema near our house.
10. There is a mistake in his dictation.
11. There is a pen in his bag.
12. There is a sofa in the room.
13. There is a child in the park.
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