TEXT B Buckingham Palace
Buckingham House was built for John, first Duke of Buckingham, between 1702 and 1705. It has served as the official London residence of Britain's sovereigns since 1837. The Palace is very much a working building and the centrepiece of Britain's constitutional monarchy. It houses the offices of those who support the day-to-day activities and duties of The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh and their immediate family. Although in use for the many official events and receptions held by The Queen, the State Rooms at Buckingham Palace are open to visitors every year.
Buckingham Palace has 775 rooms. These include 19 State rooms, 52 Royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms. In measurements, the building is 108 metres long across the front, 120 metres deep (including the central quadrangle) and 24 metres high. Buckingham Palace is furnished and decorated with priceless works of art that form part of the Royal Collection, one of the major art collections in the world today. But it is not an art gallery and nor is it a museum. More than 50,000 people visit the Palace each year as guests to banquets, lunches, dinners, receptions and the Royal Garden Parties.
At 36.6m long, 18m wide and 13.5m high, the Ballroom is the largest multi-purpose room in Buckingham Palace. It was opened in 1856 with a ball to celebrate the end of the Crimean War. Today, it is used by The Queen for State banquets and other formal occasions such as the annual Diplomatic Reception attended by 1,500 guests.
The State Dining Room is one of the principal State Rooms on the West side of the Palace. Many distinguished people have dined in this room including the 24 holders of the Order of Merit as well as presidents and prime ministers.
The ceremony of the Changing of the Guard that takes place daily at eleven o’clock in the morning provokes most interest among tourists. Every day a large crowd of people gather to see this famous and traditional ceremony. 1639
UNIT 5
MY SPECIALITY
Task 1. Revise the information about your faculty. Say, what you know about the department you are studying at and read the text about it.
KEY VOCABULARY
to carry out research – проводить исследование
expertise - человеческий опыт, знание дела; квалификация
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implementation – выполнение, реализация
to take for granted - считать само собой разумеющимся
to make contribution – внести вклад
precise measurements – точные измерения
to put emphasis on – придавать особе значение чему-либо
state-of-the-art technologies – современные технологии
profound knowledge – глубокие знания
global issues – проблемы мирового значения
Applied Mathematics”
The Applied Mathematics Department provides students with mathematical background and trains engineers-mathematicians. Applied mathematics equips a future engineer with the most state-of-the-art tool: an ability to learn and improve the world by means of mathematical modeling and calculating.
Students get profound knowledge of higher mathematics, modern methods of implementing the most important calculating algorithms, learn general engineering subjects and applied aerospace engineering. Specialized subjects include calculating methods, optimization methods, operations research, equations of mathematical physics, fundamentals of mathematical modeling, theory of relativity and mathematical statistics, mathematical theory of physical-mechanical processes, mathematical modeling of aerospace systems, etc.
Senior students can take a course in financial mathematics. They have their practical training, where they carry out research using personal computers and mastering programming language when solving certain engineering problems.
Graduates possess universal knowledge and can easily apply it to any area of science and technology. 1000
“Physics”
Physics is the study of the fundamental laws of nature. Applied physics uses these laws to understand phenomena that have practical applications. Engineering in turn makes use of these phenomena forming a link between the fundamental laws of nature and their applications. Students majoring in this department take courses in both physics and engineering.
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Undergraduates of all faculties at BMSTU have a general course of physics in the 2-4 terms, which includes physical mechanics, oscillations and waves, molecular physics and thermodynamics, electromagnetism and optics, quantum and nuclear physics. The department actively encourages undergraduates to participate in faculty research or in their own independent projects. The research in the department deals with such global issues as space, time, matter and energy in all its forms, from the subatomic to the cosmological and from the elementary to the complex.
High level of scientific and methodological research carried out within the department under the guidance of distinguished scientists will definitely encourage the increasing number of young researchers, postgraduates and undergraduates to participate in developing the scientific base of the department. 1046
“Radioelectronic Systems and Devices”
This is one of the leading departments of BMSTU. It carries out high quality research activities over a broad range of topics covering radioelectronic systems and devices. The graduates of the department are creative persons, well-equipped for the twenty-first century.
The department boasts expertise in the field of radio electronics. Radioelectronics as a branch of science and technology has become widespread and its achievements are used in different spheres of human activity. They are advanced digital transmission techniques, error correction coding, adaptive transmission systems, 3G mobile systems, smart antennas, multimedia applications for mobile systems, positioning systems, wireless mobile communication.
The curriculum of the department is being constantly improved. It involves different aspects at various levels from theoretical studies, design, modeling, to development and implementation of advanced digital hardware and software systems.
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The department provides high quality training which prepares students for further study and research in radio-electronic engineering and for a wide range of career opportunities in industry and commerce. It plays a vital role in scientific research both in Russia and abroad. 1065
“Lasers and Optoelectronic Systems”
As you know engineers develop new approaches, combine them with existing ones, and turn them into products and services to meet the needs of the world and improve it. Many things that are taken for granted nowadays have been created by engineers. The department makes significant contributions to the advancement of engineering science while teaching the next generation who will go on to influence the way our world will develop. The department focuses on two majors: “Optoelectronic devices and systems” and “Laser devices and technology”.
The department uses innovative teaching and learning methods. The students are involved in all aspects of research and design of modern optoelectronic and laser systems, and in understanding and applying the fundamental principles of new electronic, laser and optical devices.
The curriculum includes both general and specialized subjects, such as maths, informatics, applied optics, applied mechanics, laser physics, theory of optical systems, nonlinear optics, optical measurement, quantum electronics, etc. Students start their major in the third year according to an individual degree program.
The department provides graduates with the skills and confidence and makes them prepared to carrying out research in optoelectronic and laser systems. 1101
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“Research Optoelectronic devices”
The Department of “Research Optoelectronic devices” offers courses in the field of optoelectronic devices and systems. Being a magnificent generator of new knowledge it helps to find answers to global questions about the structure of the Universe and the place of a human being in it. Optics has made an inestimable contribution in solving these problems owing to various optical instruments such as telescopes, which have widened the abilities of a human eye and helped investigate the space.
The devices in which optical signals are converted into electrical ones are referred to as optoelectronic devices. At present it is almost impossible to imagine scientific and technological advance without them, as they are widely used in precise measurements, in examining the structure of substances, investigating various processes, in night-vision systems, navigation, in astronomical, astrophysical, environmental research.
Within the curriculum students carry out research in various fields, such as: methods of design of multipurpose sophisticated optical systems (lenses, mirrors, photo objectives, visual and photometric medical optical devices, etc); technologies of fabricating aspheric and gradient elements; methods of quality control of optical elements and surfaces. 1094
“Design and Technologies of Radioelectronic Devices”
The department focuses on two majors – “Nanotechnologies of radioelectronic devices” and “Quality assurance and certification of radioelectronic devices”.
Creation and successful implementation of competitive radioelectronic devices and radiotechnical systems result from interrelated work at all stages of the product lifecycle from marketing, scientific research, circuit analyses and design to production and operation. One of the essential features of scientific and technical progress nowadays is an emphasis on engineering nanotechnology, as the priority in this field of knowledge ensures advanced position in the world market, determining the best achievements in the field of radio engineering.
There is a range of challenges a student of the department is supposed to face. They are: designing, producing and operating systems of radio communication, detection and ranging, navigation and control of mobile devices of the land, naval, aviation and space bases; developing new technologies of radio-electronic devices production in combination with achievements in nanotechnologies; information technologies and automation of designing radio-electronic devices.
The department trains specialists who will be able to work in the field of developing radio-electronic devices, systems using nanomaterials, methods of nanodiagnostics for navigation, energetics, medicine, research, examination of technological systems, ecological control of natural resources and other fields of engineering. Another emphasis is put on training the specialists who will be able to work in the field of quality assurance when designing and producing radio-electronic devices, and also in organizations included into the system of certification of the Russian Federation; graduates will be able to deal with marketing and management problems.
The curriculum includes both general and specialized subjects, such as: electrical engineering, electronics and microelectronics, fundamentals of designing radio-electronic devices, instrument making techniques, integral devices of radio-engineering, antennas and microwave devices and others. 1840
“Biotechnical and Medical Devices and Systems”
The department was founded after a long period of work in the field of education and medical research and has two related goals: first, the use of the tools and methods of engineering to better understand human physiology and disease; second, the development of new technologies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human disease.
The scientific base of the department comprises: biophysics, which determines fundamental principles of functioning live organisms; theory of bioengineering systems, which describes technical and biological sub-systems; methods of bio-signals measurement and analyses.
The main feature of studying is its interdisciplinary nature; along with general fundamental subjects undergraduates study a number of subjects such as biology, biochemistry, anatomy, pathology, physiology and clinical medicine – which are necessary for profound knowledge of medico-biological processes. Seminars are conducted on the basis of Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov.
Students of the department address a lot of complicated problems by examining state-of-the-art technologies, modern laser, ultrasound, electronic and other medical devices and systems and applying up-to-date methods of design.
Practical training is carried out in leading medico-engineering centres and institutes of Moscow. Graduates are employed in big organizations and institutes, where they develop and research new types of medical devices.
The curriculum also includes individual programs, according to which students can be trained in the field of management in healthcare and biomedical engineering and along with BMSTU diploma they can get a diploma confirming their secondary medical education. 1468
“Medical-technical Information Technologies”
Biomedical Engineering draws on collaboration among engineers, physicians, and scientists to provide new interdisciplinary insights into medical and biological problems. The programs offered in the department seek to emphasize the confluence of basic engineering with the physical and biological sciences.
The department covers various aspects of biomedical engineering. They are medical biotechnical processes and systems, creation of medical-diagnostic technologies using new mathematical, physical and physiological approaches, wide application of computer and communication systems.
The curriculum is based on the main physico-mathematical and engineering subjects and the whole range of medico-biological and medico-technical disciplines. The curriculum is designed to provide broad knowledge of the physical and engineering sciences and their application to the solution of biological and medical problems. As a rule students undertake a research project in their final year. Graduates work in the leading medical centers, hospitals and scientific research institutes, commercial medical services.
The department provides students not only with the academic knowledge related to the chosen qualification. 1051
Task 2. Summarize the information and talk about your speciality.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. James O’Driscoll Britain. - Oxford University Press, 2009. – 374 с.
2. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. -Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2007. – 786 с.
3. Oxford Guide to British and American Culture for Learners of English. -Oxford University Press, 2003. – 599 с.
4. University of Oxford. – Режим доступа: http://www.ox.ac.uk.
5. Russia today. – Режим доступа: http://rt.com
6. British Royals. – Режим доступа: http://www/britroyals.com
7. Свободная энциклопедия. – Режим доступа: http://www.wikipedia.org
CONTENTS
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ ………………………………………………………….3
UNIT 1 ……………………………………………………………………...5
UNIT 2 ……………………………………………………………………...12
UNIT 3 …………………………………………………………………..….17
UNIT 4 ………………………………………………………………..…….24
UNIT 5 ……………………………………………………………………...30
ЛИТЕРАТУРА …………………………………………………………………………...….39
[1] a public school is a private school that provides secondary education which parents have to pay for. The pupils often live at the school during the school term.
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