Exercise 1.4. Discuss the following questions.
· Do you think, with today’s technology, online conferences will replace those that take place face to face?
· What would be the advantages and disadvantages of attending a conference online?
Exercise 1.5. Think about a scientific presentation you have made to a large audience. In pairs, discuss the following questions:
· Was it successful?
· Did you have any problems? If so, what was the problem and how did you solve it?
Exercise 1.6. Brainstorming “How to give a good scientific presentation? ” Make notes of as many ideas on the subject as you can. Then, in pairs or a small group, discuss the selected ideas and associations.
Exercise 1.7. Now, read this article on some strategies for a good scientific presentation and discuss the questions which follow.
Ten Secrets to Giving a Good Scientific Presentation
1 Prepare your material carefully and logically. Tell a story. The story should have four parts: Introduction; Method; Results; Conclusion / Summary.
The Introduction should not just be a statement of the problem – but it should indicate your motivation to solve the problem, and you must also motivate the audience to be interested in your problem. In other words, the speaker must try and convince the audience that the problem is important to them as well as the speaker.
The Method includes your approach. It becomes more interesting to the listener if this section is “story like” rather than “text book like”. This adds the human element to your research which is always interesting.
The Results section is a brief summary of your main results. Be as clear as possible in explaining your results – include only the most salient details. Less salient details will emerge as people ask questions.
The Conclusion/Summary section should condense your results and implications. This should be brief. Be sure to connect your results with the overview statements in the Introduction. Do not have too many points – three or four is usually the maximum.
You may also add the fifth item: Future Research.
2 Practice your talk. Many scientists believe that they are such good speakers, or so super-intelligent that practice is beneath them. This is an arrogant attitude. Practice never hurts and even a quick run through will produce a better talk: you’ll be able to analyze your pros and fill in the gaps.
3 Do not put in too much material. Good speakers will have one or two central points and stick to that material. The point of a talk is to communicate scientific results, not to show people how smart you are. Less is better for a presentation.
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4 Avoid equations. If you have to show an equation - simplify it and talk to it very briefly.
5 Have only a few conclusion points. People can't remember more than a couple things from a presentation.
6 Talk to the audience not to the screen. It is hard to hear the speaker in this case, besides, without eye contact the audience loses interest. And one thing more, do not start talking right away when you put up a viewgraph. Let people look at the viewgraph for a few moments: they usually can't concentrate on the material and listen to you at the same time.
7 Emphasize key words. If you speak in the same voice tone throughout the entire presentation, no one knows what is really important. Make it obvious to your audience what they really need to pay attention to.
8 Avoid making distracting sounds. Try to avoid “Ummm” or “Ahhh” between sentences.
9 Polish your graphics. Here is a list of hints for better graphics:
ü Use large letters.
ü Keep the graphic simple.
ü Use color.
10 Add some emotion or humor to your talk. A joke or two in your presentation spices things up and relaxes the audience.
· Which of the tips above were on your list in Exercise 1.6? Which are new?
· Which of the tips do you think are the most useful?
· What might be difficult about giving a presentation apart from the language difficulties you might have?
Exercise 1.8. It is normal to get tense before a presentation, but you do not want to project that tension to your audience, do you? If you use confident, secure body language, project your voice, and prepare for your presentation in advance, you will feel like a confident, expert speaker.
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