K. Rearrange the letters in WORDS to discover the meaning. Tell your life motto.
a) “If you can MEADR it, you can do it.” Walt Disney.
b) “It’s kind of NFU to do the impossible.” Walt Disney.
c) “Money doesn’t excite me, my DEASI excite me.” Walt Disney.
d) “The way to get started is to quit talking and begin GOIND.” Walt Disney.
e) “The more you like yourself, the less you are like anyone else, which makes you QUENIU.” Walt Disney.
f) “Laughter is timeless, imagination has no age, and dreams are EVERFOR.” Walt Disney.
g) “There is more treasure in KBOOS than in all the pirates’ loot on Treasure Island.” Walt Disney.
h) “First, think. Second, believe. Third, dream. And finally, DREA.” Walt Disney.
i) “That’s the real trouble with the world, too many people WORG up.” Walt Disney.
j) “Ah, yes, the past can hurt. But the way I see it, you can either run from it, or EARNL from it.” Walt Disney.
k) “_________________________________________” (your life motto).
L. Do you want to be somebody famous or just anybody? Listen and learn the poem of Emily Dickinson by heart.
“I’m nobody! Who are you?
Are you nobody too?
Then there’s a pair of us!
Don’t tell! They’d banish us you know!
How dreary to be somebody!
How public, like a frog –
To tell your name the livelong June
To an admiring bog!”
GRAMMAR
PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS
A. Pre-reading task. Choose the correct tense – Present Simple or Present Continuous. What’s the difference between them?
1) All children ________ (dream) of travelling forward in time.
2) Liza has got a sunny personality: she _________ (have) fun and she makes us enjoy it too.
3) Some of the students __________ (not understand) basic mathematic ideas.
4) My photography business is doing badly – profits _______ (fall) throughout the year.
5) At the moment I _________ (plan) a unique television project.
6) Who _________ (want) to live forever?
7) Joan K. Rowling is a great author although personally I _______ (find) her books rather boring.
8) I dare say you __________ (look) tired after your journey.
9) We usually grow vegetables in our garden, but this year we ________ (not/grow) any.
10) Children learn by copying their parents, but they cannot learn if they ________ (feel) intimidated.
B. Read the theory material about the Present Simple and the Present Continuous.
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There are 4 tenses in English: Present, Future, Past and Future in the Past. There are 3 aspects in English: unmarked aspect (he reads books), the progressive or continuous aspect (I am reading a book) and the perfect aspect (I have read the book). All in all there are 16 tense-aspect forms in English, not all of them are in constant use nowadays. We use the Present Simple to talk about things which happen in general, repeatedly, habitually or often (Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius; The café opens at 7.30 in the morning). The Present Continuous is made by a form of the auxiliary verb ‘be’ in the Present ‘am/is/are’ and a Present Participle (I) of the main verb (V –ing).
The Present Continuous is used to talk about:
1 Changing events: The population of the world is increasing fast.
2 Temporary actions: I’m living with my parents at the moment.
3 ‘Middle’ actions: Mike is having a shower, call him later!
4 Critical statements about unusual acts: You’re always changing you mind!
5 Emotional and emphatic statements: I’m hearing you very well!
Present Continuous has typical adjuncts ‘currently/nowadays/presently’ and typical verbs of change (get, change, become, increase, rise, fall, grow, improve, begin, start). Note, that construction with “being” is used to say that someone is only behaving or acting in an unusual way: (I can’t understand why he’s being so selfish. He isn’t usually like that). We cannot use the verb ‘have’ in its possession meaning in the continuous form (I have no idea what caviar is like). But when ‘have’ is a delexical verb (to have a nap, a look, a chat, a smoke etc.), we can use it in Present Continuous. Delexical structures contribute to the impression of fluency in English. Delexical structure adds further details about the event (We are having a long interesting video lecture about Roosevelt).
Generally state verbs are not used in continuous forms. There are verbs of:
1) mental states (believe, imagine, forget, think, know, remember, understand);
2) likes/dislikes (like, love, dislike, need, want, wish, hate, prefer, agree);
3) being/appearing (appear, be, exist, become, remain, fit, match, suit, seem);
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4) possession (be, have, belong, own, possess, belong to, contain);
5) sense (see, feel, hear, smell, sound, taste, ache, hurt).
Some verbs (live, teach, learn, feel, hurt, ache) can be used in Present or Continuous form with no difference whatsoever (I don’t feel well=I’m not feeling well). Note, that when used in present, sense verbs denote states we are in, in continuous form the meaning is active (Your flowers smell lovely, I was just smelling your flowers, The cake tastes delicious, I’m am tasting the soup, The box weighs 2 kg., I am weighing the box).
We can use the Present Continuous with some state verbs (attract, like, look, love, sound) when we want to emphasize that a situation is temporary (You drink too much these days. – Oh, I’m drinking only at home. No one sees me but you; Be careful what you say, he is knowing too much). Contrary to the general rule of statal verbs not used in the Present Continuous, if we want to talk about a habitual action that takes place regularly we can use the Present Continuous (All the time I’m hating them; You are still remaining my friend). In these cases the intensity of emotion is emphasized (Don’t shout, I’m hearing you perfectly well!). With some verbs describing mental states (find, realize, regret, think, understand) we can use the Present Continuous to emphasize that we have already started to think about something or that we are not sure about something (I’m regretting my decision to give her the job).
C. Answer the questions :
1) How many tense forms are there in English? Give examples.
2) How many aspect forms are there in English? Give examples.
3) How do we also name the continuous aspect?
4) When do we use the Present Simple? Give example sentences.
5) How do we form the Present Continuous?
6) When do we use the Present Continuous? Give example sentences.
7) What adjuncts and verbs are typical for the Present continuous?
8) When do we use the construction with ‘being’ in the Present Continuous?
9) Can we use the verb ‘have’ in the Present Continuous?
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10) What state verbs do you know? Are they used in the Present Continuous?
11) What do sense verbs denote in the Present? And in the Continuous?
12) Why do we use some state verbs in the Present Continuous?
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