Задание I . Прочитайте и переведите текст.
GEOGRAPHY, POLITICAL SYSTEM, ECONOMICS
OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, THE UK AND THE USA
The Russian Federation (or Russia) is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Europe and Asia and occupies about one-seventh of the earth's surface. With an area of more than 17 million square kilometers, it is the largest country in the world by land mass, washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans. Russia is now an independent country and an influential member of the Commonwealth of Independent States since 1991. 
Russia is a parliamentary republic with the President as the Head of State. The legislative powers are exercised by the Duma. The capital of Russia is Moscow, one of the oldest cities, the largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre.
Though Russia is very rich in coal, iron ore, copper, nickel and other mineral resources, it remains heavily dependent on exports of oil, natural gas, metals, and timber, which account for about 80% of exports. In recent years, however, the economy is showing the strengthening of its own internal market.
But in spite of the problems Russia is facing at present, there are a lot of opportunities for this country to become one of the leading countries in the world.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(or Britain) is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and above five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen, but in practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Liberal party is ruling the country nowadays.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It’s known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. Agriculture is also developed in the country: there are a lot of crops grown there and a developed animal husbandry.
The United States of America (or America) occupies most of the southern part of the continent of North America. It stretches from the Pacific Ocean in the west across to the Atlantic Ocean in the east, and down to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. The United States is the world's third largest country by land area. The total area of the country is over nine million square kilometers.
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The country is made up of fifty states. It is considered to be the oldest constitutional republic in the world, and has existed for over 200 years. The nation operates as a presidential system also known as a congressional system. There are three levels of government: federal, state, and local.
The USA is the world’s wealthiest country. The value of the goods its factories produce, the crops its farms grow and the services it provides are larger than those from Russia, Japan and Germany combined. It also has a great wealth of natural resources, with many valuable minerals found below its ground.
The United States of America has vast economic, political and military influence on a global scale, which makes its foreign policy a subject of great interest and discussion around the world.
Notes :
to stretch – растягивать, простираться;
influential – влиятельный;
strengthening – укрепление, усиление;
to reign – царствовать, господствовать;
chamber – камера, зд. палата
animal husbandry – животноводство;
to consider – считать, полагать, рассматривать;
the wealthiest – самый богатый;
valuable – ценный, значимый;
value – значение, ценность, зд. величина
to influence (v) – влиять, оказывать влияние;
influence (n) – влияние.
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