UN: History, Organization, Functions
UNIT 5 Peace by Pieces
"Men and nations behave wisely once they have exhausted all the other alternatives."
Abba Eban, an Israeli diplomat and politician
PART 1 The Role of Intergovernmental Organisations
Scan the text and answer the questions that follow it.
One way by which world peace can be achieved is through the promotion of the common interests of humanity, by organised international action. This method is already far advanced, for there are more than a thousand international organisations now in operation which are dealing with almost every conceivable subject of interest to mankind.
An intergovernmental organisation or international governmental organisation (IGO) is an organisation composed primarily of sovereign states, referred to as member states. Intergovernmental organisations differ in function, membership and membership criteria. They have various goals, often outlined in the treaty or charter. Some IGOs developed to fulfill a need for a neutral forum for debate or negotiation to resolve disputes. Others developed to pursue mutual interests with unified aims to preserve peace through conflict resolution and better international relations, promote international cooperation on matters such as environmental protection, to promote human rights, to promote social development (education, health care), to render humanitarian aid, etc. Some are more general in scope (the United Nations) while others may have subject-specific missions (such as Interpol). Common types include:
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Answer the questions.
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· How to define an intergovernmental organization?
· What functions do they perform?
· What are the common types of IGOs? Give examples.
Translate into Russian.
World peace; to be far advanced; to be in operation; forum for debate; to pursue mutual interests; environmental protection; to promote human rights; to meet criteria; specialised agency; to diffuse a conflict; the post-World War II period.
Find the English equivalents in the text.
Защита общих интересов; кратко изложить; суверенное государство; государство-член; выполнять различные функции; Устав ООН; содействовать международному сотрудничеству; путем урегулирования конфликтов; оказывать гуманитарную помощь.
PART 2 The United Nations Organisation
1. Before you read the article “UN: History, Organization, Functions”, answer the following questions to check how much you know about the United Nations Organization.
· When was the UN established?
· What official languages are used at the United Nations?
· How many member states does the organization include?
Read the text to find out whether your ideas were correct.
UN: History, Organization, Functions
The United Nations (UN) is an international intergovernmental organization set up on October 24, 1945. The United Nations was the second multipurpose international organization established in the 20th century that was worldwide in scope and membership. Its predecessor, the League of Nations, was created by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and disbanded in 1946. Headquartered in New York City, the UN also has offices in Geneva, Vienna, and other cities. Its official languages are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.
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The UN was founded by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.
Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organization can take action on a wide range of issues, and provide a forum for its 193 Member States to express their views, through the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and committees.
The work of the United Nations reaches every corner of the globe. Although best known for peacekeeping, peacebuilding, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance, there are many other ways the United Nations and its System (specialized agencies, funds and programmes) affect our lives and make the world a better place. The Organization works on a broad range of fundamental issues, from sustainable development, environment and refugees protection, disaster relief, counter terrorism, disarmament and non-proliferation, to promoting democracy, human rights, gender equality and the advancement of women, economic and social development and international health and more, in order to achieve its goals and coordinate efforts for a safer world for this and future generations.
Comprehension questions .
1. What is the UN’s predecessor organisation?
2. How long did it work?
3. Where is the UN’s headquarters located?
4. What was the initial number of the UN member states?
5. What were their commitments?
6. What powers, according to its Charter, does the United Nations possess?
7. What are the UN’s main bodies?
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8. How does the United Nations Organisation work?
9. How broad is the range of its actions?
Translate into Russian.
1. The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work of the United Nations are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter.
2. Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique international character, the United Nations can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian emergencies, gender equality, food production, and more.
3. The UN also provides a forum for its members to express their views in the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and committees. Thus, the Organization has become a mechanism for governments to find areas of agreement and solve problems together.
Translate into English.
1. Организация Объединенных Наций является уникальной международной организацией. Она была основана после Второй мировой войны представителями 51 страны, являвшимися сторонниками курса на поддержание мира и безопасности во всем мире, развитие дружеских отношений между странами и оказание содействия социальному прогрессу, улучшение условий жизни и положения дел в области прав человека.
2. ООН стремится развивать дружественные отношения между странами на основе уважения принципа равноправия и самоопределения народов.
3. В случае угрозы миру, нарушения мира или акта агрессия для восстановления мира Генеральная Ассамблея ООН может использовать вооруженные силы.
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4. Непостоянные члены Совета Безопасности ООН избираются Генеральной Ассамблеей на 2-х-летний срок.
5. Штаб-квартира ООН находится в Нью-Йорке с отделениями в Париже, Риме и Женеве.
6. Генеральная Ассамблея включает представителей всех государств-членов ООН.
7. Внеочередная сессия Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН может быть созвана по просьбе Совета.
6. Translate the text “UN: History, Organisation, Functions” into Russian.
PART 3
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