Determine the form, the function and the transformation technique, used to translate the Gerund from English into Russian
Determine the form, the function, (the transformation technique), used to translate the non-finite forms of the verb from English into Russian
1. Dauncen he koude so wel and jolily (the Middle English sentence)
He could dance so well and jollily. (the Modern English sentence)
Знатный был танцор . (the Russian sentence)
2. Al konne he pleye on gyterne or ribible.
Even though he knows how to play on guitar or fiddle.
Хотя б грабитель и играл на лютне.
3. I wol yow telle, as wel as evere I kan,
I will tell you, as well as ever I can
Вам рассказать один забавный случай
4. And ther they setten stevene for to meete.
And there they agreed on a time to meet.
Ходил к подружкам ежедневно в гости
5. His maister shal it in his shoppe abye,
His master shall pay for it in his shop,
Он за приказчичьи проказы платит.
6. "Wel bet is roten appul out of hoord.
"Well better is a rotten apple out of the store.
Гнилую грушу срежь.
7. So fareth it by a riotous servaunt;
So fares it with a debauched servant;
Был дан расчет.
8. That he was cleped Perkyn Revelour.
That he was called Perkin Reveler.
Гуляка Перкин, даже до сих пор
Ту кличку помнят вдовы и девицы;
9. Al were he snybbed bothe erly and late,
Although he was rebuked both early and late,
Хозяина стал горько упрекать .
10. And somtyme lad with revel to Newegate.
And sometimes taken with music to Newgate prison.
Хотя не раз в Ньюгетскую тюрьму
С компанией бродяг пришлось ему
Наведаться
11. For herberwynge by nyghte is perilous.
For providing lodging by night is perilous.
Таких ночлежников к себе пустить, -
12. A man may seye ful sooth in game and pley.
A man may speak very truthfully in joking and play.
Иной раз правду скажешь даже в шутку».
13. That haunteth dys, riot, or paramour.
Who makes a practice of dicing, debauchery, or womanizing.
Хозяину не то, что на булавки
Своей любезной, и на хлеб не хватит.
14. That lovede dys, and revel, and disport.
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Who loved dicing, and revelling, and having fun,
И свез к приятелю.
15. He was as ful of love and paramour.
He was as full of love and womanizing.
И много женщин в Перкина влюбилось.
Exercise 2
Choose the right variant
1. Middle English was a form of the English language, spoken after the Norman conquest (1066) and until…
a) the late 14th century
b) the late 15th century
c) the early 16th century
d) the late 17th century
2. Early New English is the stage of the English language from the beginning of the Tudor period to…
a) the early 16th century
b) the late 16th century
c) the early 17th century
d) the late 17th century
3. Geoffrey Chaucer is considered to be the greatest English poet of…
a) the fall of the Western Roman Empire
b) the Middle Ages
c) the Renaissance
d) the Age of Discovery
4. The Infinitive lost its inflected form (the so-called “Dat. case”) in
a) Old English
b) Early Middle English
c) Early New English
d) Modern English
5. The form of…in Early ME displayed considerable dialectical differences. The Southern and Midland forms were derived from the present tense stem with the help of -ing(e), while other dialects had forms in -inde, -ende and -ande.
a) Participle I
b) Participle II
c) The Infinitive
d) The Gerund
6. The rise of the gerund took place within
a) The Old English period
b) The Middle English period
c) The Early New English period
d) The Modern English period
The answers:
1. b
2. d
3. b
4. b
5. a
6. b
Exercise 3
Determine the form of the Infinitive from Shakespeare’s sonnets and the “Tragedy of Hamlet”
1. When fortie Winters ſhall beſeige thy brow,
And digge deep trenches in thy beauties field, (The Early New English sentence)
When forty winters shall besiege thy brow, (The Modern English sentence)
And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field,
2. This were to be new made when thou art ould,
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And ſee thy blood warme when thou feel’ſt it could. (The Early New English sentence)
This were to be new made when thou art old, And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st it cold. (The Modern English sentence) Пускай с годами стынущая кровь В наследнике твоем пылает вновь! (The Russian sentence)3. Now is the time that face ſhould forme an other, Whoſe freſh repaire if now thou not reneweſt, (The Early New English sentence)
Now is the time that face should form another; (The Modern English sentence) И, если повторить не поспешишь Свои черты (The Russian sentence)4. So thou through windowes of thine age ſhalt ſee,Diſpight of wrinkles this thy goulden time. (The Early New English sentence)
So thou through windows of thine age shall seeDespite of wrinkles this thy golden time. (The Modern English sentence) И ты найдешь под, старость утешенье (The Russian sentence) В таких же окнах юности твоей.
5. But if thou liue remembred not to be,
Die ſingle and thine image dies with thee. (The Early New English sentence)
But if thou live, remember'd not to be,
Die single, and thine image dies with thee. (The Modern English sentence)
Но, ограничив жизнь своей судьбою, Ты сам умрешь, и образ твой - с тобою. (The Russian sentence)6. And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not of? (The Early New English sentence)
Which we wonder about and which makes us
prefer the troubles we know rather than fly off (The Modern English sentence)
Мириться лучше со знакомым злом,
Чем бегством к незнакомому стремиться! (The Russian sentence)
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7. Pitty the world, or elſe this glutton be,
To eate the worlds due, by the graue and thee. (The Early New English sentence)
Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee. (The Modern English sentence)
Так пожалей же мир, иначе плод
Твоей красы с тобою гроб пожрет. (The Russian sentence)
Exercise 4
Determine the function of the Infinitive from Shakespeare’s sonnets and the “Tragedy of Hamlet”
1. From faireſt creatures we deſire increaſe,
That thereby beauties Roſe might neuer die, (The Early New English sentence)
From fairest creatures we desire increase,
That thereby beauty's rose might never die (The Modern English sentence)
Мы урожая ждем от лучших лоз,
Чтоб красота жила, не увядая. (The Russian sentence)
2. To die—to sleep,
No more; and by a sleep to say we end (The Early New English sentence)
To die, to sleep—because that’s all dying is—
and by a sleep I mean an end (The Modern English sentence)
Умереть. Забыться.
И знать, что этим обрываешь цепь (The Russian sentence)
3. Pitty the world, or elſe this glutton be,
To eate the worlds due, by the graue and thee. (The Early New English sentence)
Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee. (The Modern English sentence)
Жалея мир, земле не предавай
Грядущих лет прекрасный урожай! (The Russian sentence)
4. 'Tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wish'd. (The Early New English sentence)
That’s an end to be wished for! (The Modern English sentence)
Это ли не цель
Желанная? (The Modern English sentence)
5. To ſay within thine owne deepe ſunken eyes,
Were an all-eating ſhame, and thriftleſſe praiſe. (The Early New English sentence)
To say, within thine own deep-sunken eyes,
Were an all-eating shame and thriftless praise. (The Modern English sentence)
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Что скажешь ты? На дне угасших глаз?
Но злой насмешкой будет твой ответ. (The Russian sentence)
6. This were to be new made when thou art ould,
And ſee thy blood warme when thou feel’ſt it could. (The Early New English sentence)
This were to be new made when thou art old,
And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st it cold. (The Modern English sentence)
Пускай с годами стынущая кровьВ наследнике твоем пылает вновь! (The Russian sentence)
Exercise 5Determine the transformation technique, used to translate the Infinitive from English into Russian (the grammatical transformation techniques: morphological replacement, syntactical replacement, omission; the lexical transformation techniques: modulation, concretization; one-hundred percent coincidences)
1. For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, (The Early New English sentence)
Because the kinds of dreams that might come in that sleep of death (The Modern English sentence)
Какие сны в том смертном сне приснятся, (The Russian sentence)
2. Or who is he ſo fond will be the tombe,
Of his ſelfe loue to ſtop poſterity? (The Early New English sentence)
Or who is he so fond will be the tomb
Of his self-love, to stop posterity? (The Modern English sentence)
3. So thou through windowes of thine age ſhalt ſee,
Diſpight of wrinkles this thy goulden time. (The Early New English sentence)
So thou through windows of thine age shall seeDespite of wrinkles this thy golden time. (The Modern English sentence) И ты найдешь под, старость утешенье В таких же окнах юности твоей.
4. Thy youthes proud liuery so gaz’d on now,
Wil be a totter’d weed of ſmal worth held: (The Early New English sentence)
Thy youth's proud livery, so gazed on now, Will be a tatter'd weed, of small worth held: (The Modern English sentence) Кто будет помнить царственный наряд,Гнушаясь жалким рубищем твоим?5. When fortie Winters ſhall beſeige thy brow, (The Early New English sentence)
When forty winters shall besiege thy brow, (The Modern English sentence)Когда твое чело избороздят
6. Now is the time that face ſhould forme an other, (The Early New English sentence)
Now is the time that face should form another; (The Modern English sentence) И, если повторить не поспешишьСвои черты,
Exercise 6
Determine the form of the Participle from Shakespeare’s sonnets and the “Tragedy of Hamlet”
1. Feed’ſt thy lights flame with ſelfe ſubſtantiall fewell,
Making a famine where aboundance lies, (The Early New English sentence)
Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies, (The Modern English sentence)
Все лучшие ей отдавая соки,
Обилье превращаешь в нищету, - (The Russian sentence)
2. The undiscovere'd country, from whose bourn
No traveller returns, puzzles the will, (The Early New English sentence)
That undiscovered country from which no visitor returns, which we wonder about and which makes us (The Modern English sentence)
Боязнь страны, откуда ни один
Не возвращался, не склоняла воли (The Russian sentence).
3. To ſay within thine owne deepe ſunken eyes, (The Early New English sentence)
To say, within thine own deep-sunken eyes, (The Modern English sentence)
Что скажешь ты? На дне угасших глаз? (The Russian sentence)4. Then being askt, where all thy beautie lies,
Where all the treaſure of thy luſty daies; (The Early New English sentence)Then being asked where all thy beauty lies,Where all the treasure of thy lusty days; (The Modern English sentence)
И на вопрос, где красота былая,
Сокровище твоих весенних дней, (The Russian sentence)
5. For where is ſhe ſo faire whoſe vn-eard wombe
Diſdaines the tillage of thy husbandry? (The Early New English sentence) For where is she so fair whose unear'd womb
Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry? (The Modern English sentence)
Где та, чья непорочная утроба
Отвергнет радость понести твой плод? (The Russian sentence)Exercise 7
Determine the function of the Participle from Shakespeare’s sonnets and the “Tragedy of Hamlet”
1. The pangs of dispriz'd love, the law's delay, (The Early New English sentence)
The pangs of unrequited love, the slowness of justice, (The Modern English sentence)
Заносчивость, отринутое чувство,
Нескорый суд и более всего
2. Feed’ſt thy lights flame with ſelfe ſubſtantiall fewell,
Making a famine where aboundance lies, (The Early New English sentence)
Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies, (The Modern English sentence)
Все лучшие ей отдавая соки,
Обилье превращаешь в нищету, -
3. To ſay within thine owne deepe ſunken eyes, (The Early New English sentence)
To say, within thine own deep-sunken eyes, (The Modern English sentence)Что скажешь ты? На дне угасших глаз?4. Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought,
And enterprises of great pitch and moment (The Early New English sentence)
Willingness to act is made weak by too much thinking.
Actions of great urgency and importance (The Modern English sentence)
В бесплодье умственного тупика,
Так погибают замыслы с размахом,
Exercise 8
Determine the transformation technique, used to translate the Infinitive from English into Russian (the grammatical transformation techniques: morphological replacement, syntactical replacement, omission; omission on the basis of modulation and concretization; the lexical transformation techniques: modulation; one-hundred percent coincidence)
1. Feed’ſt thy lights flame with ſelfe ſubſtantiall fewell,
Making a famine where aboundance lies, (The Early New English sentence)
Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies, (The Modern English sentence)
Все лучшие ей отдавая соки,
Обилье превращаешь в нищету, -
2. To ſay within thine owne deepe ſunken eyes, (The Early New English sentence)
To say, within thine own deep-sunken eyes, (The Modern English sentence)
Что скажешь ты? На дне угасших глаз?
3. If thou couldſt unſwere this faire child of mine
Shall ſum my count, and make my old excuſe
Proouing his beautie by ſucceſſion thine. (The Early New English sentence)
If thou couldst answer 'This fair child of mine
Shall sum my count and make my old excuse,'
Proving his beauty by succession thine! (The Modern English sentence)
Достойней прозвучали бы слова:
"Вы посмотрите на моих детей.
Моя былая свежесть в них жива,
В них оправданье старости моей".
4. The pangs of dispriz'd love, the law's delay, (The Early New English sentence)
The pangs of unrequited love, the slowness of justice, (The Modern English sentence)
Заносчивость, отринутое чувство,
Нескорый суд и более всего
5. For where is ſhe ſo faire whoſe vn-eard wombe
Diſdaines the tillage of thy husbandry? (The Early New English sentence)
For where is she so fair whose unear'd womb
Disdains the tillage of thy husbandry? (The Modern English sentence)
Какая смертная не будет рада
Отдать тебе нетронутую новь?
Exercise 9
Determine the form, the function and the transformation technique, used to translate the Gerund from English into Russian
1. Within thine owne bud burieſt thy content,
And tender chorle makſt waſt in niggarding: (The Early New English sentence)
Within thine own bud buriest thy content
And, tender churl, makest waste in niggarding. (The Modern English sentence)
Грядущее в зачатке хороня,
Соединяешь скаредность с растратой
2. Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
And by opposing end them. (The Early New English sentence)
Or to fight off your troubles,
and, in doing so, end them completely? (The Modern English sentence)
И в смертной схватке с целым морем бед
Покончить с ними?
Subject: The history of English
Level: B2-C1
Goals:
practical:
- to research the history of English
- to research the development of the non-finite forms of the verb during the Middle English and the Early New English periods
- to activate new vocabulary
- to research the transformation techniques, used to translate the non-finite forms of the verb from English into Russian
educational:
-to form reading and vocabulary skills
developing:
- to develop linguocultural competence
- to develop speaking and grammar skills
- to enrich background knowledge of students
Target audience:
- full-time students of language colleges and universities.
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