Show the stages of the plot development of Beowulf according to the given
G. Freytag’s pyramid scheme below:
1. EXPOSITION
The story is set in Scandinavia, and it opens by introducing King Hrothgar and his lineage. Hrothgar and his descendants have been plagued by the monster Grendel invading the mead-hall each night and killing the soldiers, who try in vain to fight him. This information provides important context and characterization. It shows Grendel's apparent invincibility and shows what's at stake for the Danes if the demon is not defeated. The exposition also introduces Beowulf, who hears about the problem with Grendel and sees a challenge that he wants to pursue.
2. RISING ACTION
· Beowulf arrives to fight the monster.
· Beowulf kills Grendel.
· Grendel's mother arrives to avenge his death.
3. CLIMAX
Beowulf kills Grendel's mother. Grendel’s mother murders one of the king’s advisors, prompting Beowulf and an army to chase her to a swamp. The conflict between Beowulf and the mother who wants revenge signifies Beowulf’s rise from aggressive, youthful warrior to battle-weary man. When he swims to Grendel’s mother’s underwater lair and removes her head, the conflict is resolved. Beowulf acts here to defend his own honor.
4. FALLING ACTION
As king, Beowulf fights, kills the dragon. Beowulf soon finds he cannot beat the dragon alone. Unfortunately his men, seeing the dragon's might, flee altogether. Beowulf is left with only Wiglaf, one of his thegns, for aid. Together they do manage to kill the dragon
5. RESOLUTION
Beowulf dies from his injuries. Beowulf sustains a deep wound in his neck from the dragon’s bite. Beowulf has enough time to pass on his reign to Wiglaf before the venom in the wound overtakes him. He dies on the field of his third and final epic battle.
12. Show the stages of the plot development of Paradise Lost according to the given G. Freytag’s pyramid scheme below:
1. Exposition. The story opens in hell, where Satan and his followers are recovering from defeat in a war they waged against God. They build a palace, called Pandemonium, where they hold council to determine whether or not to return to battle. 1.1.Conflict. Instead they decide to explore a new world prophecied to be created, where a safer course of revenge can be planned. 1.2.Character. Satan undertakes the mission alone. At the gate of hell, he meets his offspring, Sin and Death, who unbar the gates for him. God sees Satan flying towards this world and foretells the fall of man. His Son, who sits at his right hand, offers to sacrifice himself for man's salvation. 1.3.Setting.Meanwhile, Satan enters the new universe. He flies to the sun, where he tricks an angel, Uriel, into showing him the way to man's home.
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2.Rising action. Satan gains entrance into the Garden of Eden, where he finds Adam and Eve and becomes jealous of them. He overhears them speak of God's commandment that they should not eat the forbidden fruit. Uriel warns Gabriel and his angels, who are guarding the gate of Paradise, of Satan's presence. Satan is apprehended by them and banished from Eden. God sends Raphael to warn Adam and Eve about Satan. Raphael recounts to them how jealousy against the Son of God led a once favored angel to wage war against God in heaven, and how the Son, Messiah, cast him and his followers into hell. He relates how the world was created so mankind could one day replace the fallen angels in heaven.
3. Climax. Satan returns to earth, and enters a serpent. Finding Eve alone he induces her to eat the fruit of the forbidden tree. Adam, resigned to join in her fate, eats also. Their innocence is lost and they become aware of their nakedness. In shame and despair, they become hostile to each other.
4. Falling action. The Son of God descends to earth to judge the sinners, mercifully delaying their sentence of death. Sin and Death, sensing Satan's success, build a highway to earth, their new home.
5. Resolution. Upon his return to hell, instead of a celebration of victory, Satan and his crew are turned into serpents as punishment. Adam reconciles with Eve. God sends Michael to expel the pair from Paradise, but first to reveal to Adam future events resulting from his sin. Adam is saddened by these visions, but ultimately revived by revelations of the future coming of the Savior of mankind. In sadness, mitigated with hope, Adam and Eve are sent away from the Garden of Paradise.
13. Show the stages of the plot development of Don Juan according to the given G. Freytag’s pyramid scheme below:
Lord Byron’s Don Juan is a satiric poem inspired by the legendary story of Don Juan, the famous womanizer. Byron, however, changes the focus and paints Don Juan as a figure who is easy prey to women’s romantic advances. The poem consists of sixteen cantos although an unfinished seventeenth was in progress at the time of Byron’s death in 1824. When early parts of the poem first appeared, they were popular and, at the same time, branded as immoral by some. The format of the poem is a rhyme scheme of ababab cc in eight-line iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern falling under the tradition known as ottavarima.
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The opening Canto finds Don Juan living in Seville with his parents: Jose, his father, and Donna Inez,his mother. The married Donna Julia, who, at twenty-three, is seven years Don Juan’s senior, falls in love with Juan and begins an affair with him. Julia’s husband, Don Alfonso, is suspicious and bursts into the bedroom where he does not find Juan who is hiding in the bed. Later, Alfonso finds Juan’s shoes and a fight takes place. As a result, Juan is sent by his mother to travel to learn better conduct, while Julia is banished to a nunnery. Juan heads for Cadiz with servants and Pedrillo, his tutor, in tow. Juan has not moved on from his love for Julia. When the ship he is on sinks in a storm and food on its accompanying long boat runs out, the crew draws lots to decide who will be eaten. After eating Juan’s dog, Pedrillo is selected. Those who eat him die from a resulting madness. Juan is the only survivor, and once he gets to land,he is taken in by Haidee and Zoe, her maid. Haidee is the daughter of Lambro, a pirate who makes his living capturing slaves. Although Haidee and Juan cannot understand each other’s language, they fall in love.
Upon returning from a voyage, Lambro and his fellow pirates attack Juan. Juan is sent off on a ship to Constantinople, where he finds himself in a slave market. Meanwhile, a pregnant Haidee dies of a broken heart for the loss of Juan. While in the slave market, Juan is sold to a black eunuch named Baba from the palace who takes him to a chamber. He threatens to castrate Juan if he does not dress as a woman. Juan is later brought to meet Gulbeyaz, the beautiful fourth wife, and the favorite, of the sultan. It turns out that it was she who noticed Juan in the market and had Baba secretly purchase him for her, without regard to the wrath of the sultan that would ensue should she be found out.She offers herself to Juan who rejects her, still being in love with Haidee. She considers having him beheaded but just reacts tearfully to her situation. Shortly, the sultan enters the scene. When the sultan and Gulbeyaz retire for the evening, Juan, in his disguise as a woman, is taken to the crowded seraglio, the women’s quarters in the palace. As the evening unfolds, Juan, calling himself Juanna, is assigned to share a bed with seventeen-year-old Dudu, an attractive young woman who has an unsettling dream during the night. When again Juan is threatened with death due to reactions the next day, he, another man named John, and two women escape and make their way to Ismail, a Turkish fort at the Danube on the Black Sea. A battle is taking place;Suvaroff, a Russian army field marshal, has orders to take Ismail, doing whatever the task requires. Juan and John are prepared to join Suvaroff in battle against the Turks.
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The two men are active in the rampage against Ismail, which leads to the deaths of forty thousand Turks. When Juan rescues a Muslim girl of ten from Cossacks who were going to kill her, he decides to adopt her. A hero of war, Juan, along with the young girl, is sent to Saint Petersburg. When Catherine II sees Juan in her court, she immediately desires him. He finds her attention flattering and receives a promotion. Juan continues to take care of the girl he rescued. In time, Juan is taken ill as a result of the Russian climate and is sent to England where conditions are more agreeable. He is given the title special envoy; the move is really just a way for Catherine to have him regain his health and for her to continue lavishing him with gifts. In London, Juan has an altercation with a mugger, whom he shoots. He feels responsible for the man and attempts to care for him, but to no avail; the mugger dies in the street.
Juan begins looking for an acceptable guardian for the orphan from Ismail, Leila. He selects Lady Pinchbeck. Juan meets Lady Adeline Amundeville and Lord Henry Amundeville. Issues of diplomacy bring Juan and Lord Henry together frequently and celebrations take place at the Amundeville home. Juan does well in a fox hunt and continues to win the favor of the women around him, including the flirtatious Duchess Fitz-Fulke, who makes Lady Adeline jealous. Juan also meets and is taken with sixteen-year-old Aurora Raby, who reminds him of Haidee. In bed one night Juan hears a noise in the hall and sees a monk. He cannot decide if it is a ghost or a dream. From his look the next day, Lord Henry assumes Juan has seen the Black Friar. At a banquet following the incident, Aurora and Juan exchange looks. In bed that night, he thinks of her and of the feelings he has suppressed in himself since Haidee. Again he hears footsteps in the hall and finds the Friar wearing a hood. The “ghost” Juan finds out, is the Duchess Fitz-Fulke.
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14. Show the stages of the plot development of The Lord of Flies according to the given G. Freytag’s pyramid scheme below:
Exposition
The boys' plane crashes, and they are stranded on a deserted island. When they all swim ashore, the boys find a conch shell and use it to call to the others.
Conflict
A struggle for power begins. Most of the boys, particularly Ralph, attempt to create order. However, some of the boys, especially Jack, do not want to listen to Ralph.
Rising Action
As Ralph struggles to maintain order, the lack of adults, laws, and structure creates chaos among the boys. Rumors of a monster on the island begin to circulate. Jack and his hunting party vow to kill the monster.
Climax
Piggy is killed, and the faction led by Jack has taken on a savage, ritualistic mentality. Ralph goes to confront them.
Falling Action
Jack and the hunters turn on Ralph and begin to hunt him.
Resolution
Ralph runs to the beach to escape Jack. There, he encounters a British naval officer. As he attempts to tell him what has happened, he breaks down into tears. When the other boys arrive, they also begin to sob.
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