What are the last words of Hamlet before his death?
Hamlet's final words are, "The rest is silence."
Here's the entire speech:
O, I die, Horatio;
The potent poison quite o'er-crows my spirit:
I cannot live to hear the news from England;
But I do prophesy the election lights
On Fortinbras: he has my dying voice;
So tell him, with the occurrents, more and less,
Which have solicited. The rest is silence.
Here, "rest" means "residue" or "all that remains." So on a literal level, he's saying, "All that remains now is my death" or "The only thing left for me now is the silence of death."
So one way of interpreting the end is with a literal meaning of the word "rest." Maybe, in the end, Hamlet's rest—his final reward—is peaceful. Or you can think of it has his hope that he'll end this way, a hope that is possibly fulfilled or possibly doomed.
Compare Hamlet’s soliloquy “To be or not to be” (Hamlet) to sonnet 66.
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. In his output we can find approximately 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses. I want to compare two of his works: famous “To Be or Not to Be” soliloquy from „Hamlet” and „Sonnet 66”.
Hamlet’s soliloquy begins with presumably the most famous line in the English canon: “To be or not to be.” In the monologue, he contemplates whether or not he should continue or end his own life. He also considers seeking revenge for his father’s death. Hamlet wonders if he should live and suffer the hardships of his life or die and end the suffering. Hamlet then goes on to list many sufferings men are prone to in life, which makes it seem though. He is considering if life is worth enduring all these pains. Hamlet also expresses his fear of death. He doesn’t know if he should choose to kill himself and then all of his pains and hardships would end. Also he knows that when he would commit suecide , he would no longer have to watch his uncle reign over the kingdom.
Sonnet 66 laments the corruption and dishonesty of the world. The speaker in this sonnet wants to die because he sees that the life is really unfair. He lists all the unjusties of life, frustrations and disappointments in lines two through twelve. Beginning with, „And needy nothing trimm'd in jollity…” we are presented with a list of maddening injuries. Shakespeare in this sonnet show us a dark view of life. The only thing that keeps the speaker alive is love.
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When we compare these two works we can see many similarities. The theme of these two is similar. The list of unfairnesses in Sonnet 66 resembles the inventory of injuries in Hamlet’s soliloquy. In these two works we can see that the speaker is tired of his life. There are also some differences. Hamlet in his monologue is wondering if it is better to die or to live and suffer, when in Sonnet 66 there is no wondering. The speaker just says „Tired with all these, for restful death I cry…” so we can suppose that he wants to die. But there is a thing that keeps the speaker in Sonnet 66 alive- love. In Hamlet there is no speaking about love which stops him from committing suecide, it’s rather fear of what is after death.
Summing up, these two William Shakespeare’s works: “To Be or Not to Be” soliloquy from „Hamlet” and „Sonnet 66” are quite similar, but there are some things which differ them. We can say that Shakspeare wrote these works with despair, tiredness and despondency which we can see in these writings.
The image of Friday as a first image of colonial people. His portrayal and importance in world masterpiece “Robinson Crusoe”.
Colonialism is a practice of the powerful over the less powerful. It is defined as an occupation of workers territory by a stronger nation or state for “political domination” “economic exploitation” and “civilizing mission.”
Robinson Crusoe is not just an adventurous fiction, it is a story in which a European man gradually masters his own compulsion and extends his control over a huge, indifferent, and hostile environment. The protagonist of the novel is a typical colonial character. He sets on a distant Caribbean island to establish his own colony, his own civilization and his own culture. Defoe deals with colonialism by portraying a wonderful fictional picture of an adventurous man, who gradually becomes a master over an island and establishes his own colony.
Robinson Crusoe is a popular fiction of eighteenth century where the author represents imperialistic attitude of a European man, who wants superior position to authorize or to dominate others. The relationship between Crusoe and Friday shows the relationship of master and slave which produce the myth of colonialism and the colonial relationships.
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Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe, a classic in English literature, and regarded by many as the first English novel, has been interpreted in different ways. First it is a religious and moral allegory as stressed by Defoe himself in the Preface. Also, Rousseau was inspired by it to “Return to Nature”. Again Marx regarded it as a meretricious model of economic independence. And above all, the recent studies regard Crusoe as the first colonialist in English literature. Even J.M. Coetzee’s novel, Foe is a re-imaging of Robinson Crusoe on grounds of gender, race and colonialism. On the whole, the colonial approach is one of the major concerns of Robinson Crusoe to the critics and readers: the try to analyze the theme of colonialism in Robinson Crusoe, post colonialism in Robinson Crusoe, Robinson Crusoe colonialism and imperialism or Robinson Crusoe colonialism quotes.
The first part of the story of Robinson Crusoe begins with Crusoe’s being stranded and marooned in an inhabited island, far from the rest of the world. This happens for their ship’s being wrecked in a storm, and only he being left. In such a condition, he begins his struggle for existence and consequently succeeds.
In a sense, Crusoe attempts to replicate his own society or colony on the island. This has been achieved through application of some qualities of Crusoe, and some instruments, and proper handling of different situations.
First, the qualities by dint of which Crusoe has been able to change the island inhabitable to habitable, are his courage, hard struggle with situation, determination, devotion, creativity.
Then, in order to make his colony inhabitable and cultivable, he applies European technology and agriculture. He brings, from the stranded ship, a large number of articles and corps which are useful to him in his desolate condition on the island. These things include several items of food, several weapons e.g. guns and pistols, considerable ammunition including gunpowder, such tools as saws, and axe, a hammer, several bottles of rum, a box of sugar, a hammock, some clothing, some bedding, some money, though useless at that situation, a bag full of chicken feed, a bag full of nails, some corps and a number of other things. Using these things, day after day for a long time Crusoe establishes a society of his own in which there come some other men by accident.
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Crusoe establishes “a rudimentary political hierarchy” in the land. Crusoe, several times in the novel, refers to himself as the ‘king’ of the island.
In this novel, Friday is an ugly Negro and mutilated: none knows who has mutilated him. Actually “the pertinence of Friday to black history is not in question: the inaccessibility of his world to the European world is a consequence of colonialist oppression and racism. The mutilation in his mouth is emblematic of Black-African cultural castration operated by the white invaders.” In fine, we agree with James Joyce that “the true symbol of the British conquest is Robinson Crusoe”:
"He is the true prototype of the British colonists... The whole Anglo-Saxon spirit is in Crusoe: the manly independence the apathy, the calculating taciturnity.”
Defoe has shown the idealized colonialism of initial stage, but not the after fall stage, as in the Tempest, nor the barbarous result of colonialism, as expressed in Foe.
18. The genre of drama such as “Comedy of ________________or Restoration comedy” was very popular in the period of Restoration. What so you know about Restoration period in English Literature. Illustrate with examples.
Comedy of manners or Restoration comedy. One of the most important and interesting aspects of literature is the way that it both responds to and is inevitably shaped by the political context in which it is written. Some of the best examples of this can be found in the Restoration period, which lasted from 1660 to around 1688. The name 'restoration' comes from the crowning of Charles II, which marks the restoring of the traditional English monarchical form of government following a short period of rule by a handful of republican governments. There was a great outpouring of pamphlet literature, too, much of it politico-religious, while John Bunyan’s great allegory, Pilgrim’s Progress, also belongs to this period. Much of the best poetry, notably that of John Dryden (the great literary figure of his time, in both poetry and prose), the earl of Rochester, Samuel Butler, and John Oldham, was satirical and led directly to the later achievements of Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, and John Gay in the Augustan Age. The Restoration period was, above all, a great age of drama.
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19. Analyse the images of Romeo and Juliet in “Romeo and Juliet” by W. Shakespeare.
Romeo is the type of person who loves everything except his enemies. He shows his love and hate to everyone. Whenever he saw Juliet, he would tell her how much that he loved her. If he saw another Capulet, he would try and start a fight or just leave them.
Romeo’s actions reflect many things about him. When Romeo was sad about Rosaline leaving him, he said, “Not having that which makes them short”. Romeo meant that the days seemed longer because his love does not love him anymore. When Romeo said “This shall determine that”. Romeo was furious because Tybalt killed Benvolio, and Romeo was going to fight Tybalt to death. Romeo
Romeo speaks like a well educated person because when he talks, he uses very proper(for back then) speech. When he says things like “Lady, by yonder blessed moon I swear that with silver all these fruit-tree tops-”. When Romeo says things like this, it shows how well he can put words together. When Romeo says “I have a night’s cloak to fide me from their sight.” He meant that he will hide from everyone, just to see Juliet.
People say many good and bad things about Romeo. For instance, when Capulet says “Verona brags of him.” When Lord Capulet said that it shows that he is well respected by Verona and its people. People say bad things about Romeo, when Tybalt says “It fits when suck a villian is a guest, I’ll not endure him”. Tybalt calls him a villian because he dis-likes Romeo and wants to kill him because he came un-invited to the Capulets party.
Romeo does many things throughout the play that will make him look bad, but he also does many good things. Romeo likes to show hid affection to Juliet every time he sees her. Most people like Romeo, except the Capulets.
Romeo is shown as a humanist, but not a perfect hero. He, like the rest of the characters, is subject to his passions. Tybalt and Paris are killed by his hand. Romeo is arrogant and always defends his honor. Therefore, accepts the challenge of the same arrogant Paris.
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