Ex. 6. Change into reported speech using the verbs:
to offer, to suggest, to invite, to complain, to warn, to deny, to teach, to remind, to admit, to add, to advise, to promise, to wonder;
1. “Hardly had I begun reading my book when I bumped into a cow,” said Mr Bumble. 2. “Help yourself to whiskey, Ben,” said Jenny, “it’s on the shelf.” 3. “Margaret, Barbara, come into the garden!” said Mark. 4. “Let’s dance under the stars, Martha,” said Charles. 5. “I don’t want clothes, money and a big house,” said Fiona. 6. “I will be very careful,” said Sir Hoggin to Poirot. 7. “ I’ll begin shooting if you move an inch,” said the policeman to the robber. 8. “Don’t forget, man doesn’t live by bread alone,” said the butcher to his customers. 9. “Since my baby left me I’ve been losing my mind,” said David sadly. 10. “Be yourselves no matter what they say,” said Sting to Englishmen in New York. 11. “Will the world end in fire or ice?” said Robert Frost. 12. “You should learn to forgive,” says Jesus to us.
THE PASSIVE VOICE
| Simple (Indefinite) | Continuous | Perfect | |
| facts, customary, repeated actions | actions unfinished at a given moment | actions completed by a given moment | |
| Present | The letter is written The letters are written I am shown the letters | The letter is being written They are being written I am being shown the letters | The letter has been written The letters have been written |
| Past | The letter was written The letters were written | The letter was being written They were being written | The letter had been written |
| Future | The letter will be written I shall be shown the letters | The letter will have been written I shall have been shown the letters | |
| Future in the Past | The letter would be written I should be shown the letters | The letter would have been written I should have been shown the letters |
FORMATION
We use the auxiliary verb be and the past participle of the notional verb to form the passive voice.
The house was built last year. New houses are built every year. A new school will be built here.
Sometimes in informal spoken English we can use get instead of be with verbs of action.
Our dog got run over by a car. There was a fight at school but nobody got hurt.
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USE
1. We use the passive voice when it’s not important or it’s not known who or what did the action.
Only the transitive verbs which take an object can be used in the passive.
His article was published yesterday. Paper is made from wood. She will be met at the station.
Intransitive verbs (to arrive, to become etc) can’t be used in the passive.
2. We use by to say who did something or what caused the action and we use with for the instrument of the action.
The house was built by my father. The house was destroyed by fire. The letter was written with the pencil.
Compare: The fire was put out by water. The fire was put out with water.
4. We use the passive infinitive (to be done) after modals and some other verbs.
This work must be done in time. The music could still be heard. I want to be left alone.
5. If the verb has two objects and it is possible to make two passive sentences, it is more usual to begin the passive sentence with the person.
They offered him this job yesterday. He was offered this job yesterday.
(This job was offered to him yesterday.)
6. The verbs which take prepositional objects can be used in the passive in English.
Mind the place of the preposition.
He is often laughed at. He was much spoken about. Will the doctor be called for?
7. The English passive sentence is not always translated into Russian in the passive voice.
I wasn’t told about the meeting. Мне не сказали о собрании.
There are sentences in the active voice which have a passive meaning.
The door opened. These clothes wash well. Дверь открылась. Эта одежда хорошо стирается.
EXERCISES
Ex. 1. Change into the passive.
A. 1. They often invite me to their parties. 2. People speak English in different parts of the world. 3. We use milk to make butter. 4. They build a lot of new houses in this district every year.
B. 1. They built this house in 1998. 2. Somebody locked the front door. 3. Someone broke my pen yesterday. 4.They punished the boy for that. 5. They finished their work in time.
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C. 1. People will forget it very soon. 2. They will translate this book next year. 3. They will tell you when to come. 4. They will build a casino here. 5. Someone will ask him about it.
D. 1.Somebody has invited her to the party. 2. No one has seen him anywhere this week. 3. They have done all the exercises in writing. 4. They haven’t yet told him about it.
E. 1. They had done everything before we came. 2. I thought they had already sent the letter. 3. Somebody had informed them of the news. 4. They told me they had seen you in Oxford Street.
F. 1. I will have finished the work by 5 o’clock. 2. They will have repaired the car by the next weekend. 3. They will have built the summer house by June.
G. 1. They are constructing some new metro lines now. 2. He is signing your papers at the moment. 3. Wait a minute. They are examining the last student now. 4. We couldn’t use the lift, they were repairing it. 5. They were still typing the documents when I came.
H. 1. We were sure they would prepare everything. 2. He knew they would ask him that question. 3. We hoped the present would please her. 4. I had no idea if he would write the essay.
I. 1. He promised he would have drawn the portrait by Monday. 2. She said she would have done her homework by 8 o’clock. 3. He explained they would have do the job by next week.
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