III. Destruction of the Environment, Nature and the Wildlife
Лексический минимум по теме « Ecological Problems »
(70 words, phrases and examples)
I. General Words
1. environment — окружающая среда
· natural environment
· poor environment
· to protect the environment
Protecting the environment is essential if we want to preserve the flora and fauna of the natural world for future generations
2. environmental — связанные с окружающей средой
(= ecological / Ecology problems /issues)
• environmental problems
• environmental protection
The main environmental problems are…
Environmental pollution is one of the largest problems in our today’s world
3. protection — защита
- protection of the environment
Environmental protection is of a universal concern
The protection of the environment is the total problem of all people in the world
4. to protect the environment — защищать окружающую среду
•to protect the environment from pollution
All of us want to protect the environment but we are mostly too lazy or too busy to make big changes that will help to improve our lifestyle as well as save the environment around us.
5. pollution — загрязнение
• Water pollution -Загрязнение воды
• Soil/land pollution -Загрязнение почвы
• Air pollution -Загрязнение воздуха
• Thermal/heat pollution -Тепловое загрязнение
• Noise pollution- Шумовое загрязнение
• Light pollution -Световое загрязнение
• Radioactive pollution -Радиоактивное загрязнение
Many scientists think about serious changes in the climate because of the pollution of the atmosphere.
6. to pollute / to be polluted by — загрязнять / быть загрязненным чем-то
- to pollute the environment
- to pollute the water, air, atmosphere means to make it dirty and dangerous for people and animals to live in or to use
The air in the cities is polluted by car fumes ( выхлопными газами ).
7. An influence = an effect — влияние (воздействие)
- to have a strong influence (effect) on
· harmful/damaging effect
· human influence — влияние человека
Human influence on nature is negative
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Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans.
8. to influence smth (greatly) — влиять (сильно)
How does the environment influence people
Humans influence Nature.
The word ‘affect’ simply means ‘influence’ or ‘impact’ that can make a difference or change in someone or something
9. To disappear - исчезать
As a result some species of animals, birds, fish and plants have disappeared and keep disappearing
10. to destroy / to be destroyed — разрушить, уничтожить / быть уничтоженным
- to destroy buildings, to destroy hopes
- The house was destroyed.
- Fires often destroy forests.
11. a destruction — разрушение
- the destruction of environment
- the destruction of wildlife & countryside beauty
- destruction of ozone layer
- destruction of rainforests
Pouring oil into the water will cause pollution and the destruction of our seas and rivers.
12. damage — ущерб
• heavy damage серьезные разрушения
• harmful/damaging effect
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13. to damage / to be damaged — нанести ущерб / быть поврежденным
- to be damaged by fire
The house was so badly damaged.
14. fragile — хрупкий
- fragile health
Our fragile planet needs protection
15. to cause / to be caused — вызывать / вызван
- to cause illness
- to cause decease
- to cause death
- to cause destruction
- to cause troubles
- to cause pollution
Water pollution can be caused by discharge of toxic pollutants like pesticides, heavy metals and different chemical compounds into fresh or ocean waters
16. a disaster — катастрофа
- a terrible disaster
- nuclear disaster
- ecological disaster
An environmental disaster or ecological disaster is a catastrophic event regarding the environment due to human activity.
17. disastrous бедственный, гибельный, пагубный.
disastrous earthquake — разрушительное землетрясение .
disastrous effects — катастрофические последствия
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18. safe — безопасный
- a safe place
19. safety — безопасность
- be sure of safety
20. global — глобальный crisis[`kraisis] — кризис
- global problems
- global warming
· global crisis
Global problems are the natural consequences of modern globalisation and unrestrained economic growth.
21. to survive — выжить survival - выживание ; выживаемость
Do you know that camels can survive for many days without eating?
Animals have a natural instinct for survival
22. to prevent — предотвратить
- to prevent an ecological disaster
Modern technologies could be wisely used to prevent ecological disasters, endangering of animal species, and to entire development of ecosystem, and all we have to do is to turn technologies in these directions
23. to take actions — принимать меры
- to take actions to prevent an ecological disaster
24. to prohibit / to be prohibited — запретить / запрещено
- to be strictly prohibited
Feeding animals in zoos is strictly prohibited.
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II. Pollution
25. to produce — производить
- to produce fumes
Cars and factories produce toxic fumes that harm the environment.
26. energy — энергия
- Energy is the power from electricity, wind, etc. that helps machines work.
27. nuclear — ядерный
- nuclear energy
- nuclear power stations
- nuclear tests
- nuclear weapons
- a nuclear waste
- Nuclear waste endangers people’s lives.
- People all over the world protest against nuclear tests.
- Nuclear power stations can go wrong and cause nuclear pollution.
28. a dump — свалка
- town dump
- This town is a real dump.
- Take all this litter to the town dump.
29. litter — мелкий мусор
- to drop litter
- to clear litter away
30. cans of coke/ beer — банки от колы, пива
31. packaging — упаковка
32. packed goods — упакованные товары
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33. rubbish / garbage – крупный мусор
- to throw rubbish
34. throw away — выбрасывать
When people throw away plastic bottles , the environment is damaged
35. waste — отходы
- waste paper
- nuclear waste
- industrial waste
- chemical waste
- radioactive waste
- dumping the waste into rivers
A lot of waste from factories and plants goes in to the rivers.
The scientists try to solve the problem of radioactive waste.
36. to dump / to be dumped — сбрасывать в большом количестве / быть выброшенным
- They dumped a lot of rubbish in the river.
- All the countries protest against dumping acid wastes in the seas and oceans.
37. poison — яд (fertilizes — удобрения)
38. to poison / to be poisoned — отравлять / быть отравленным
People can be poisoned by industrial waste.
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III. Destruction of the Environment, Nature and the Wildlife
39. greenhouse effect — парниковый эффект
- the problem of greenhouse effect
Greenhouse effect is the problem of a rise in temperature in the earth’s atmosphere.
40. source [so:s] — источник
- source of information
What are the main sourses of land pollution?
The main sources of pollution: Man and his activity, plants and factories, nuclear power stations and transport
41. resources [ri`so:siz] — ресурсы
- natural resources
The country is rich in natural resources. They are……
42. to waste — тратить понапрасну
- not to waste water, electricity
43. a shortage — нехватка
- a shortage of water
- a shortage of natural resources ( gas, oil, clean water)
- a shortage of food
Food shortage is a serious problem facing the world and is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa.
44. to run out of – заканчиваться
- We will run out of oil.
45. extinct — вымерший
- extinct birds
What extinct animals do you know?
Dinosaurs are extinct animals.
46. to endanger / to be endangered — подвергать опасности / быть в опасности
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- to endanger animals
- to endanger people’s lives
Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environment problems that endanger people’s lives.
47. endangered animals — исчезающие животные
Endanged animals are in danger.
Nowadays tigers have become endangered animals.
48. to die out — вымирать
Endangered animals can easily die out.
Why do some animals die out? People kill animals for the sake of their skins and destroy their habitats, cutting down forests and polluting water.
49. a species [`spi:ʃi:z] (мн.ч. species) — вид (виды)
- plant species
- insect species
- a species of flowers, a species of animals, different species of trees
The Black Tulip is an unusual species of tulips.
50. a habitat — место обитания
- a habitat of plants
- a habitat of animals
A habitat is a place where a certain animal usually lives.
51. to include / to be included — включать / быть включенным
- to include in the Red Book
Which animals are included in the Red book of Russia
52. disappearing = (rare) — исчезающие (редкие)
- disappearing species
- rare species
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IV. Environmental Protection
53. filter /purifier — фильтры / очистители
- to use filters
54. bins — контейнеры
- to provide special bins to separate waste
55. to fine — штрафовать
- The government should issue a law to fine plants and factories for all kinds of pollution.
56. to recycle / to be recycled — перерабатывать / перерабатываться
- to recycle waste
By recycling we could reduce exploitation of natural resources, save money, reduce pollution and waste, and create jobs and boost the economy.
57. recyclable — пригодный к переработке
- to produce recycable packaging
58. recycling centers — центры переработки
There are no recycling centers in our town.
59. to reuse – использовать вторично
60. to save — экономить
61. to reduce — уменьшить
62.The 3-Rs - reduce, reuse, recycle -3 важных правила-сокращай, используй повторно, перерабатывай
The best ways to help nature are captured in the slogan “reduce, reuse, recycle.”
63. measures- меры, действия
That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken
64.to go green- Вносить вклад в защиту окружающей среды
Going green can make a big difference in how you perceive the world around you
65. organizations
• environmental organizations
There are many International Environmental Organizations like World Wildlife Fund (WWF) that are working for the protection of our environment
The environmental organizations work to solve the climate crisis, save endangered wildlife, and preserve the land we live on.
66.disposal of waste- удаление отходов
67.to plant-высаживать
• to plant trees
Planting trees will help to prevent global warming by reducing levels of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide
68. to solve-решать
• to solve problems
It's not too late to solve environmental problems
69. to improve-улучшать
• a small effort to improve
If everybody made a small effort to improve their local environment, pollution would be reduced gradually and the global situation would improve
70. take care –заботиться
• take great care of
If we want to live in a better and healthier world, we should take great care of our mother nature and learn to protect it.
Этот лексический минимум поможет «прокачать» тему из кодификатора "Природа, и проблемы экологии" и успешно подготовиться к экзамену по английскому языку
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