Space could solve water problems

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. 1. Many people understand the importance of healthy eating. 2. Some children know very little about food and cooking. 3. Good food is very expensive nowadays. 4. You can improve your eating habits by growing food yourself. 5. Local food is tastier and better for your health. 6. People have lost the tradition of family meals. 7. For many people the quality of food is less important than other things. 2 Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды. A) It took Alice nearly four hours to get home. B) Michael wanted to see the film “Avatar”. C) There was no chance for them to watch TV that evening. D) Alice would quite like to see the film about The Doors. E) Alice is really enjoying her essay on Shakespeare. F) Alice thinks that Michael should choose a red car. G) Michael is not sure if he can afford a new car. 3 Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3. The Portobello Festival differs from festivals in Cannes and Venice as it 1) is running its second season only. 2) is not so fashionable and well-known. 3) does not attract celebrities. 4 The festival was initially founded to 1) let independent filmmakers demonstrate their work. 2) help different filmmakers earn money. 3) advertise video equipment but not to show films. 5 According to the festival’s director they made the festival free because 1) they get enough money for placing advertisements. 2) there are no expensive prizes and launch parties. 3) sponsors and funds provide good financial support. 6 One characteristic feature of the Portobello Festival is that 1) 700 films are shown each festival season. 2) only short films are chosen for the festival annually. 3) student films are shown together with professionals’ works. 7 The festival’s director believes that their films are 1) of better quality than TV films. 2) worthy to be shown on TV. 3) the world’s top hits. 8 The famous filmmaker whose first film was shown at the festival is 1) John Malkovich. 2) Guy Ritchie. 3) Jonathan Barnett. 9 Speaking about future plans, the festival’s director 1) thinks the festival will be united with Glastonbury or Edinburgh events. 2) believes the festival should turn to other arts mostly. 3) sounds optimistic about the festival extension. 10 Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок. 1. The House of Commons 2. Parliamentary Procedure 3. The House of Lords 4. Westminster 5. The System of Government 6. Parliamentary Committees 7. Whitehall 8. The Crown A. Her Majesty’s Government, in spite of its name, derives its authority and power from its party representation in Parliament. Parliament is housed in the Palace of Westminster, once a home of the monarchy. Like the monarchy, Parliament is an ancient institution, dating from the middle of the thirteenth century. Parliament is the seat of British democracy, but it is perhaps valuable to remember that while the House of Lords was created in order to provide a council of the nobility for the king, the Commons were summoned originally in order to provide the king with money. B. The reigning monarch is not only head of state but symbol of the unity of the nation. The monarchy is Britain’s oldest secular institution, its continuity for over a thousand years broken only once by a republic that lasted a mere eleven years (1649-60). The monarchy is hereditary, the succession passing automatically to the oldest male child, or in the absence of males to the oldest female offspring of the monarch. In law the monarch is head of the executive and of the judiciary, head of the Church of England, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. C. The dynamic power of Parliament lies in its lower chamber. Of its 650 members, 523 represent constituencies in England, 38 in Wales, 72 in Scotland and 17 in Northern Ireland. There are only seats in the Commons debating chamber for 370 members, but except on matters of great interest, it is unusual for all members to be present at any one time. Many MPs find themselves in other rooms of the Commons, participating in a variety of committees and meetings necessary for an effective parliamentary process. D. Britain is a democracy, yet its people are not, as one might expect in a democracy, constitutionally in control of the state. The constitutional situation is an apparently contradictory one. As a result of a historical process the people of Britain are subjects of the Crown, accepting the Queen as the head of the state. Yet even the Queen is not sovereign in any substantial sense since she receives her authority from Parliament, and is subject to its direction in almost all matters. This curious situation came about as a result of a long struggle for power between the Crown and Parliament during the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries. E. Her Majesty’s Government governs in the name of the Queen, and its hub, Downing Street, lies in Whitehall, a short walk from Parliament. Following a general election, the Queen invites the leader of the majority party represented in the Commons, to form a government on her behalf. Government ministers are invariably members of the House of Commons, but infrequently members of the House of Lords are appointed. All government members continue to represent “constituencies” which elected them. F. Each parliamentary session begins with the “State Opening of Parliament”, a ceremonial occasion in which the Queen proceeds from Buckingham Palace to the Palace of Westminster where she delivers the Queen’s Speech from her throne in the House of Lords. Her speech is drafted by her government, and describes what the government intends to implement during the forthcoming session. Leading members of the Commons may hear the speech from the far end of the chamber, but are not allowed to enter the House of Lords. G. The upper chamber of Parliament is not democratic in any sense at all. It consists of four categories of peer. The majority are hereditary peers, a total of almost 800, but of whom only about half take an active interest in the affairs of the state. A smaller number, between 350 and 400, are “life” peers – an idea introduced in 1958 to elevate to the peerage certain people who rendered political or public service to the nation. The purpose was not only to honour but also to enhance the quality of business done in the Lords. 11 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Is there enough to say?

They only appeared about ten years ago but already they are everywhere, everyone’s got one. They are the wonder of the modern age — mobile phones, or cell phones, A _____________________. Apparently, mobile phones are now used by about 2.5 billion people worldwide, and about one billion new mobile phones are sold every year worldwide. Go back to 1997, and only 100 million were sold. As we can see, the mobile phone business B_____________________.

And the developments keep on coming. Once we could only make phone calls; now mobile phones C _____________________ and do many other useful things. Once we had to hold our mobile phones in our hand; now we can use throat microphones. What next? We are told that soon, tiny microphones will be implanted into our lips. We’ll be able to dial numbers just by saying them.

But surely we need to ask ourselves: What’s good about this? OK, we can talk to other people almost all the time now — but is that so great? Watch and listen to people when a plane has landed. Anxious D _____________________, dial a number, and then: “It’s me, I’m here. I’ll be there in twenty minutes.” Is this communication? Is this what all these years of technology have brought us to?

In the early days of communication there were letters. When they arrived at your house, you knew they had been delivered by a man E _____________________.

In those days, people would think very hard before they wrote a letter. You had to have a good reason to write — communication was serious. Now it’s not — people phone each other F _____________________. Once the phone was a way for people far away from each other to talk — now it’s just an excuse to talk.

1. has been developed very quickly

2. not understand why they are doing it for

3. as Americans call them

4. riding halfway across the country on a horse

5. just because they can

6. can also be used to take and send photos

7. fingers immediately switch on the mobile phone

Space could solve water problems

Have you ever tasted saltwater? I guess you have and if so, you will agree with me that it’s not very refreshing. In fact, drinking more than a few cups worth can kill you.

According to the United States Geological Survey, whose mission is to collect and disseminate reliable, impartial, and timely information that is needed to understand the nation’s water resources, about ninety-seven percent of the water on our planet is saltwater; the rest is stored in lakes, rivers, glaciers and aquifers underground. Moreover, only about one-third of the world’s potential fresh water can be used for human needs. As pollution increases, the amount of usable water decreases.

Water is the most precious and taken-for-granted resource we have on Earth. It is also one of the most threatened resources. Increased population and possible climate change will put more and more strain on supplies of this vital resource as time goes on. What could we do in this situation? Though it may seem like science fiction, the solution could lie in outer space.

I’m not saying we’re going to be teleporting to a spring on the other side of the galaxy or colonizing another planet just to have longer showers – it’s much more mundane than that. What we could achieve realistically in this century is the successful use of the solar system’s rare metals and water, barring the invention of the matrix.

You may be surprised to learn that the metal in your keys, coins, cell phone, computer, car and everywhere else, originally came to this planet from space. When Earth formed, the heavy metals sank to the center and formed a solid core. The lighter elements formed the mantle and the crust we live on. Asteroids and comets that struck the Earth brought water and metals to the surface.

There are thousands of asteroids orbiting near Earth. Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are composed of metal, mostly nickel and iron. Probes could be sent out to these to identify useful ones. Then larger probes could push them towards the Earth where they can be handled in orbit.

In order to fuel ships and probes, we simply need to find a source of water, such as a comet or the surface of the moon. We collect the water and pass an electric current through it from a solar panel. The water separates into oxygen and hydrogen, which in liquid form is a powerful rocket fuel.

Is this really possible? We may soon find out. Private company SpaceX has already started delivering equipment to the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is proof that countries once at each other’s throats, like America and Russia, can work together and pull off multi-billion dollar projects.

Recently, a company called Planetary Resources Inc. made the news for getting big names like Google and Microsoft to invest in exploring asteroids for material gain. Although it will take many decades, it is wise to put the gears in motion now.

We’ve already landed probes on the surface of asteroids and taken samples from them. We can put something as large as the ISS, which weighs just short of 500 tons, according to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in orbit.

We can make a half-million-mile round-trip to get rocks from the moon. We can do all of these things already. They just need to be applied and developed in a smart way.

What problem is raised in the article?

1) Cooperation in space.

2) Threats of climate change.

3) Danger of drinking salt water.

4) Lack of water supplies on Earth.

According to the author, the information published in the US Geological Survey is meant to …

1) assure the nation that there is still enough of usable water.

2) help to monitor the state of the country’s water resources.

3) demonstrate the quality of water the nation uses.

4) warn the public about the dangers of water pollution.

The author thinks that outer space …

1) is dangerous because of asteroids.

2) is a source of important supplies.

3) is not studied properly.

4) should be colonized.

According to the author, the space water sources may be used for …

1) fuel production.

2) water supplies for spaceships.

3) moon exploration.

4) the production of electricity.

The Google and Microsoft (paragraph 9) are mentioned to …

1) explain how Planetary Resources Inc. became famous.

2) prove that asteroids can be commercially attractive.

3) show that space research is important for computer science.

4) prove that asteroids can interfere with the Internet.

The expression “put the gears in motion” in “…it is wise to put the gears in motion now” (paragraph 9) means …

1) to explore.

2) to begin.

3) to move.

4) to invest.

What idea is stressed in the last two paragraphs?

1) There is room for further achievements in space exploration.

2) Asteroids are unique objects for scientific research.

3) Only smart administration can manage space programs.

4) International Space Station is the heaviest object in space.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BEGIN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Zanzibar history

In 1896, Said Khalid seized power in Zanzibar. A British fleet soon arrived at the port of Zanzibar and ordered him out of the royal palace. Khalid refused to leave. At 9:02 on the morning of August 27, British ships started a fire on the palace, a war between Britain and Zanzibar__________.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SEE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Since then Teotihuacan _____ the Aztecs, the Spanish invasion and many other people and events.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово NOT FORGET так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

After the tour they had so many questions for the senator! I could not help smiling at the interesting topics they raised. I’m sure they __________________ this great experience for a long time…

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово GREAT так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

The Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China runs for 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. It is one of the __________________ wonders of the world.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BUILD так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

The Great Wall __________________ in order to protect the country form different aggressors.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово THEY так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

But the tradition of honoring those who died in defense of ______ country goes back to the Civil War. The tradition to hold memorial services, visit the cemeteries, decorate the graves with flowers and wreaths originated in Waterloo, New York, in 1866.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово BECOME так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Since then, the Great Wall of China ______ a Symbol of wisdom and bravery of the Chinese people and a monument to Chinese nation for many hundreds of years.

Образуйте от слова NATURAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Robots of the future

Robotic engineers are designing the next generation of robots to look, feel and act more human, to make it easier for us to warm up to a cold machine.

Realistic looking hair and skin with embedded sensors will allow robots to react __________ in their environment.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово DRAW так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Leonardo da Vinci made the first real studies of flight in the 1480s. He had over 100 ___________ that illustrated his theories on flight.

Образуйте от слова POSSIBLE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

You may think it is______ but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred and thirty trillion people.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SERIOUS так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

The UK also works to improve the global environment and has taken global warming __________________ ever since scientists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.

Образуйте от слова PROTECT однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmental ______ .

А major breakthrough in crossword puzzle development came with the personal computer. Although many computer specialists used to say that it was ______ for a computer to create a crossword puzzle, software was developed which allows any person to construct their own crossword puzzles.

Sharing music with friends

Brenda is a nineteen-year old full-time college student, and she earns money working part time as a waitress. Brenda loves to listen to music like most young people, but she can’t 32 _____ the high CD prices that record companies 33 _____ for popular CDs. Brenda says that the prices of CDs are ridiculously high at $17 to $20 each and there are only two or three good songs on each CD.

She 34 _____ an apartment with three other roommates. She pays her own 35 _____ and she also pays most of her 36 _____. Her solution to expensive CDs is to download or copy music from the Internet. Brenda and millions of other people are called «downloaders» because they download free file-sharing software and music. When Brenda later gives, shares, or trades her music files free over the Internet, she is also an uploader. She considers herself an active music uploader, but the music industry considers her a 37 _____. From 2001 on, the Recording Industry Association of America has sued and fined dozens of file-sharing services, for uploading music files, and hundreds of people, for 38 _____ the law by downloading music.

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) provide

2) supply

3) afford

4) allow

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) offer

2) charge

3) suggest

4) propose

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) leases

2) lends

3) hires

4) rents

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) lessons

2) classes

3) tuition

4) education

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) costs

2) fees

3) expenses

4) payments

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) thief

2) cheater

3) burglar

4) bandit

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

1) undermining

2) disobeying

3) breaking

4) ruining

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend Tom who writes:

Last month our class went to Washington to visit the National Museum of American History. It was my first visit there and it was fun! How often do you go to museums with your class, if at all? Which museum is your favorite or what museum would you like to visit? Why do you think people should go there? This summer we plan to go hiking with my parents.

Write a letter to Tom. In your letter answer his questions, ask 3 questions about his summer plans. Write 100–140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

Comment on the following statement: Public libraries are becoming less popular and they will soon disappear. What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position

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