А) Найдите в тексте слова и словосочетания, имеющие схожие значения со следующими словами:
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Вариант 2
THE USA
Упражнение 1. Изучите слова и словосочетания по теме:
1) to cover. It covers a large territory in the central and southern parts of North America.
2) a valley. The dry valley is between the mountain chains.
3) to connect. The lakes are connected by natural channels.
4) rapids. The channels are cut by rapids.
5) common. Spanish is the second most common language in the USA.
6) to set, to set aside. The federal government set aside a piece of land for the district of Columbia.
7) a seal, the Great Seal. One of the USA national symbols is the Great Seal.
8) to represent. The stripes on the American flag represent 13 original states.
9) olive branch and arrows. An eagle is holding an olive branch and arrows.
10) a desire. I have a desire to live in peace.
11) an ability. He has an ability to make model aeroplanes.
12) a war, to wage a war. This country has an ability to wage wars.
13) the Eye of Providence. The Eye of Providence represents God on the Great Seal.
14) an honour. The capital of the USA was named in G. Washington’s honour.
15) to abbreviate, an abbreviation. D.C. is an abbreviation for District of Columbia.
16) to mix up with. The state Washington should not be mixed up with the capital Washington, D.C.
17) to deal with. New Orleans deals with cotton.
18) wheat, cattle. Chicago deals with wheat and cattle.
19) to go sightseeing. If you go sightseeing you will see many interesting places.
20) carefully. Washington, D.C. is the first carefully planned capital in the world.
21) a reason. I do understand the reason of it.
22) a desert, semidesert. It is very hot there because of the desert and semidesert.
23) similar, to be similar. Weather patterns in southeast are similar to northwest, but warmer.
24) a Bachelor Degree. He graduated from the college with a Bachelor Degree in Geography.
25) an oven. “California” is the Spanish name which means “heat of the oven”.
26) a tribe. The name “Alabama” came from a warlike tribe of Indians.
Упражнение 2. Прочитайте текст и выберите из следующих заголовков наиболее подходящий для каждого абзаца. Заголовок напишите в тексте .
1) The National Symbols
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2) The USA Territory
3) The Natural Resources
4) The Population
5) The Surface of the Country
6) 50 States with the President at the Head
Упражнение 3. Письменно переведите тексты The USA , Washington .
The United States of America
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The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world in area. It covers a large territory of about 9,400,000 square kilometers in the central and southern part of North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It also includes Alaska in the northwestern part of North America and Hawaii far out in the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America borders Canada in the north and Mexico in the south. The United States is often called the US, the USA, or America.
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One can’t describe the country without mentioning its surface. The USA can be divided into three main regions: the Appalachians in the east, the plain in the central part, the Cordilleras including the Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and the dry Californian Valley between them in the west. Many rivers are flowing through the country, such as the swiftest Columbia and Colorado, the longest Mississippi with its main tributaries the Missouri and the Ohio. The northeastern part of the USA comprises the region of the five Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, and Ontario) connected b natural channels which are cut by rapids (the greatest one — the Niagara Falls).
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The USA is rich in natural resources. It has vast areas of fertile soil, an abundant water supply, and large areas of forests. There are also large deposits of minerals, such as coal, iron ore, natural gas, etc.
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The United States is the third largest country in the world in population (about 250 million people). About 94 per cent of the people were born in the United States. The largest foreign-born groups are Mexicans, Germans, Canadians, Italians, British, and Cubans. The US has never had an official language, but English has always been the main language spoken in the country. Emigrants from the British Isles, including the nation’s founders, spoke English. Spanish is the second most common language in the USA.
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The US consists of 50 states and the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia is a piece of land set aside by the federal government for the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C. The United States has a federal system of government with the President at the head.
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The national symbols of the USA include the American flag and the Great Seal. There are 50 stars on the American flag symbolizing 50 states of the USA, and 13 stripes representing 13 original states. On the one side of the Great Seal, there is an eagle holding an olive branch and arrows, which are symbolizing a desire for peace and the ability to wage a war. On the reverse side, there is the Eye of Providence, representing God, and a pyramid dated 1776.
Washington, D.C.
The first President of the USA George Washington, in whose honour the city was named, chose the place for the capital between the states of Virginia and Maryland, on the Potomac River not far from the Atlantic Ocean. The City itself forms the District of Columbia abbreviated into D.C. Th name of the capital is always used with this abbreviation not to be mixed up with another Washington, a state on the Pacific Coast.
Washington, D.C. is like no other city of the USA. New York is a centre of finance, shopping, fun; New Orlean deals with cotton; Chicago will sell you wheat and cattle. But W&sh- ington’s only industry is government. The White House where the US President lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress and the Supreme Court are all in Washington, D.C. About three-quarters of the population in Washington, D.C. are wholly or indirectly involved in the administrative machine and the general process of government.
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If you go sightseeing in Washington, D.C. your attention will be attracted not only by such famous buildings, as the Capitol, the White House, but also by the Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial, the Thomas Jefferson Memorial, the Smithsonian Institute, etc.
Washington, D.C. is not the largest city in the United States, but it is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the country, the first carefully planned capital in the world.
Упражнение 4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:
Четвертая по занимаемой площади страна в мире, охватывает, простираясь, далеко в, не упоминая, может быть разделена, между ними, ее главные притоки, естественные каналы, пороги, природные ресурсы, плодородная почва, огромные залежи, железная руда, основатели нации, отведенный, с президентом во главе, звезды, полосы, оливковая ветвь, стрелы, огромное желание, способность вести войну, на обратной стороне, недалеко от, чтобы не перепутать, не похож ни на какой другой город, пшеница, крупный рогатый скот Верховный Суд Капитолий, три четверти населения , процесс управления, посещение достопримечательностей, внимание будет привлечено, необычные города, тщательно планируемый.
Упражнение 5.
а) Найдите в тексте слова и словосочетания, имеющие схожие значения со следующими словами:
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biggest, stretching, to comprise, chief, district, quickest, great, wish, well-known, nice.
б) Найдите в тексте слова и словосочетания, имеющие противоположные значения со следующими словами:
smallest, in the east , in the north, wet, slowest, shortest, artificial, poor, always, peace, near, buy, directly, usual.
Упражнение 6.
Заполните пропуски словами, первая буква слова уже дана:
1. The USA e____________ from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. 2. The USA c___________ the fourth largest territory in the world. 3. The USA b________ Mexico in the south. 4. We should mention the s__________ of the country. 5. Many rivers are f________ through the country. 6. The natural channels are cut by r____________. 7. There is vast area of f__________ soil in the USA. 8. He speaks Spanish, the second most c____________ language in the USA. 9. The piece of land, set a________ by the federal government for the nation’s capital, is between the states of Virginia and Maryland. 10. There are thirteen s____________ on the American flag.
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