Great Britain at the 2012 London Olympics
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The world’s language
| The English language is famous for the richness of its vocabulary. Webster’s New International Dictionary lists 450,000 words, and the new Oxford English Dictionary has 615,000, but that is only part of the total. Technical and __________________ terms would add millions more.
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SCIENCE
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| The wealth of existing synonyms means that __________________ of English have two words for something denoted by one word in a different language. The French, for instance, do not distinguish between house and home, between mind and brain. The Spanish cannot differentiate a chairman from a president.
| SPEAK
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| In Russia, there are no native words for efficiency, challenge and engagement ring. Of course, every language has areas in which it needs, for __________________ purposes, to be more expressive than others.
| PRACTICE
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| The Eskimos have fifty words for types of snow, though there is no word for just plain snow. __________________, African languages have no native word for snow.
| NATURAL
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| Nowadays, globalization influences the __________________ of languages.
| DEVELOP
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| Some native words __________________, giving way to international terms.
| APPEAR
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Global Language
| It is difficult to tell exactly how many languages there are in the world today. __________________ say there are about 2,700 languages, but no one has ever made a more definite count.
| SCIENCE
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| In most countries there are at least two native languages, and in some cases — as in Cameroon — there are hundreds. The number of languages __________________ changes as tribes die out or linguistic groups are absorbed.
| NATURAL
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| Nowadays, globalization influences the __________________ of languages. New words appear, existing words acquire new meanings, native words give way to international terms.
| DEVELOP
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| Almost all languages change. A rare exception is written Icelandic, which has changed so little that __________________ of modern Icelandic can read sagas written a thousand years ago.
| SPEAK
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| If you drew a map of Europe based on languages, it would be different from a conventional map. For example, Switzerland would practically __________________, becoming part of the surrounding areas of French, Italian, and German.
| APPEAR
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| Italy, too, would appear on the map not as one language, but as a whole __________________ of broadly related but often mutually incomprehensible dialects.
| VARY
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Преобразуйте , если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11–В16. Впишите слова в поле ответа.
| Following a recent renovation, the new Hancock Observatory invites you to enjoy Chicago’s best views from the city’s highest open-air Skywalk. It has quickly gained __________________ with both Chicagoans and visitors of the city.
| POPULAR
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| Skywalk is Chicago’s highest open-air viewing area. It is 1,000 feet in the air! Everyone here can feel the strong wind and hear the dynamic buzz of the city below. The friendly staff will __________________ tell the real story behind Chicago’s “Windy City” nickname.
| CERTAIN
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| For those who feel __________________ about such a great height there are more relaxing indoor audio Sky Tours.
| COMFORT
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| These 30-minute personal audio tours give a unique “overview” of Chicago’s wonderful sights and __________________ history! Sky Tours are available in English, Spanish and German.
| REMARK
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| History Wall is another popular __________________. More than 100 photos on a great 80-foot display show Chicago’s rise from a small settlement to a great city.
| ATTRACT
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| As a tour guide I have been to the Skywalk __________________ times and still I can't help admiring it.
| COUNT
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Ray Bradbury
| Ray Douglas Bradbury is a US writer of fantasy, horror, science fiction and mystery. He is __________________ considered to be one of the 20th century’s greatest and most popular writers of science fiction.
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WIDE
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| His works have been translated into more than 40 languages and have sold tens of millions of copies in different countries. His __________________ continues in the 21st century.
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POPULAR
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| During his long writing career, Bradbury has written almost 600 short stories, eleven novels, as well as __________________ poems and plays.
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VARY
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| He first became famous for his Martian Chronicles, a collection of short stories concerning colonization of the planet Mars. In it, Bradbury portrayed the strengths and __________________ of human beings as they encountered a new world.
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WEAK
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| Bradbury won __________________ literary awards, the most important of them coming from the National Institute of Arts and Letters.
| COUNT
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| Millions of science fiction readers all over the world are grateful to Ray Bradbury for his outstanding __________________ in the field of fantasy and science fiction.
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ACHIEVE
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Christmas
| Christmas is the most important annual festival in both Britain and North America. In its origins, it combines the Christian __________________ of the birth of Christ, on 25 December, with the ancient tradition of a winter feast during the darkest period of the year.
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CELEBRATE
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| Christmas carols – a special kind of religious songs – are an important part of it. You may hear them __________________ times over the radio but it is quite different when you listen to people sing carols around you in church.
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COUNT
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| At this time, too, many carol __________________make door-to-door visits to people at home, collecting money for this or that charity.
| SING
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| Many weeks before Christmas, shops start selling __________________ Christmas cards and Christmas gifts.
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VARY
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| Shop __________________ decorate their shops with holly, mistletoe, candles and colourful paper chains and lanterns.
| OWN
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| All kinds of traditional Christmas food are also __________________ available.
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WIDE
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Animals
| The importance of animals in British life is reflected in many ways. In the past, landowners liked to be portrayed with their dogs and horses. __________________ pictures of this kind can be seen in art galleries and private residences.
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COUNT
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| Animals are __________________ used in advertising in magazines and on television.
| WIDE
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| The Royal Society for the __________________ of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) is one of the largest charities in Britain.
| PREVENT
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| RSPCA is a part of a more general __________________ in support of animal rights that has emerged recently in Britain and the USA.
| MOVE
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| Animal rights organizations use __________________ tactics: picketing stores that sell furs, harassing hunters in the wild, or breaking into laboratories to free animals.
| VARY
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| Their main aim is to ban the cruel treatment and killing of animals both in laboratory experiments and in factory farming. The irresponsible and neglectful treatment of animals by some zoo and pet __________________ is also their concern.
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OWN
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Why do we sleep?
| A recent study may have an answer to one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science - what is the purpose of sleep? The work suggests it’s __________________ about making animals function more efficiently in their environments.
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REAL
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| __________________ from the University of California, Los Angeles, conducted a study of the sleep times of a broad range of animals. They discovered much variation.
| SCIENCE
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| You may think it __________________ but some migrating birds can fly non-stop for up to 90 hours.
| POSSIBLE
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| Pythons and bats are among the longest __________________ at over 18 hours a day.
| SLEEP
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| Human babies need 16 hours and their health and intellectual __________________ depend on sleeping properly.
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DEVELOP
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| Most of us probably feel we need around eight hours sleep to function well. Some people have __________________ in getting enough sleep and this may lead to serious health problems.
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DIFFICULT
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Future population
| The United Nations (UN) has published its prediction about the size and age of the world’s population three hundred years from now. This report can help environmental __________________ and policy-makers to understand dramatic changes in the world’s population in the future.
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SCIENCE
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| The report suggests that if the birth rates stay the same, there’ll be a huge expansion of the __________________ population.
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GLOBE
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| You may think it __________________ but three centuries from now there may be over one hundred and thirty trillion people.
| POSSIBLE
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| The report says that the world’s population is likely to be __________________ older. The average age will be fifty while today it is twenty six.
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SIGNIFICANT
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| Almost a quarter of all the __________________ of the planet will live in Africa.
| INHABIT
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| __________________ think that India, China and the United States will continue to be countries with the biggest population.
| RESEARCH
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Tourism in Britain
Tourism is already Britain’s fifth most important industry and it is also the fifth largest tourist industry in the world. It’s growing _________RAPID_________: the number of people employed in the industry increased by more than 50,000 a year.
Britain has a rich and varied cultural heritage. _________COLOUR_________ royal ceremonies attract millions of visitors each year.
London has an international reputation for its historic sites, museums and famous institutions. A city of infinite colour and _________VARY __________, London is both historic and unceasingly modern, at the forefront of fashion, music and art.
Historic cities such as Oxford, Cambridge and Bath are visited by large numbers of _______FOREIGN___________.
People who travel to Scotland, the Lake District and other areas of upland Britain find unique ________EXCITE_________ places and scenery which can vary over short distances.
Some of the most popular ________ATTRACT_________ outside London are the Jorvik Viking Centre in York, the Tudor ship in Portsmouth and National museum of Photography in Bradford.
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Tourism in Britain
| Tourism is already Britain’s fifth most important industry and it is also the fifth largest tourist industry in the world. It’s growing __________________: the number of people employed in the industry increased by more than 50,000 a year.
| RAPID
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| Britain has a rich and varied cultural heritage. __________________ royal ceremonies attract millions of visitors each year.
| COLOUR
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| London has an international reputation for its historic sites, museums and famous institutions. A city of infinite colour and ___________________, London is both historic and unceasingly modern, at the forefront of fashion, music and art.
| VARY
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| Historic cities such as Oxford, Cambridge and Bath are visited by large numbers of__________________.
| FOREIGN
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| People who travel to Scotland, the Lake District and other areas of upland Britain find unique _________________ places and scenery which can vary over short distances.
| EXCITE
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| Some of the most popular_________________ outside London are the Jorvik Viking Centre in York, the Tudor ship in Portsmouthand National museum of Photography in Bradford.
| ATTRACT
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Wild Animal Park
| The wide, wild world of animals interests many people. But, as civilizations crowd animals out of their natural habitats, __________________ and concerned citizens ask, “What is going to happen to animals?”
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SCIENCE
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| One place that has pioneered research in the __________________ of rare animals is the Wild Animal Park of San Diego, California. Its special concern is endangered species.
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CONSERVE
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| Although people can visit the Park, it is a 720-hectar preserve where animals walk __________________. Many people have a unique opportunity to take photos of rare wild animals in their natural environment.
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FREE
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| People all over the world have helped with the __________________ of the Park. It was planned in 1959; it was opened in 1972. So it took 13 years to build it.
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DEVELOP
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| Divided into________________ sections, the Park has areas similar to the animals’ natural habitats in Africa and Asia.
| GEOGRAPHY
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| Since the Wild Animal Park opened, it has become famous for its captive breeding work. More than 86 per cent of animals born in the park survive. Many _________________ travel to California to watch wildlife and enjoy beautiful nature.
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FOREIGN
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| Chemistry or no chemistry
I was planning a career in biology but was not looking forward to taking chemistry in my first year at Carleton University in Ottawa. However, the professor of chemistry was a famous _______SCIENCE___________.
He made the course interesting with his many small ________CHEMISTRY__________ explosions and crazy quizzes.
Once, he posed the question: “What in the world isn't chemistry?” and offered a prize to the student who answered ________CORRECT__________.
A couple of weeks passed. ________FINAL__________, he announced in class that the contest was over. A student had gone to his office to ask if she could try her hand at the question. “What in the world isn't chemistry?” she asked.
“My _______RELATION___________ with my last boyfriend – that wasn't chemistry.”
By default, she became the ________WIN__________.
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Chemistry or no chemistry
| I was planning a career in biology but was not looking forward to taking chemistry in my first year at Carleton University in Ottawa. However, the professor of chemistry was a famous __________________.
| SCIENCE
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| He made the course interesting with his many small __________________ explosions and crazy quizzes.
| CHEMISTRY
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| Once, he posed the question: “What in the world isn't chemistry?” and offered a prize to the student who answered __________________.
| CORRECT
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| A couple of weeks passed. __________________, he announced in class that the contest was over. A student had gone to his office to ask if she could try her hand at the question. “What in the world isn't chemistry?” she asked.
| FINAL
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| “My __________________ with my last boyfriend – that wasn't chemistry.”
| RELATION
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| By default, she became the __________________.
| WIN
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Morse Code
Before phones, computers, and telegraphs were invented, messages would take months or even years to reach their destination. Samuel Morse was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in April 1791, not knowing that he would be a famous _______INVENT___________.
Since the age of four, Morse had been interested in ________DRAW__________and he wanted to become a painter. Mr. and Mrs. Morse were afraid that he couldn't make a living as a painter, so they made him a bookseller. He worked as a bookseller but at night he would paint.
________FINAL__________, his parents realized how he loved art, so they found the money for Morse to study art in London.
After a ________SUCCESS__________ artistic career (first painting historical scenes and then portraits), Morse built the first American telegraph around 1835.
Morse patented a working telegraph machine in 1837, with help from his _________BUSY _________ partners, Leonard Gale and Alfred Vail.
Morse used a dots-and-spaces code for the letters of the alphabet and for numbers. It was later improved to use dashes with dots and spaces. Since then, it has proved its _________EFFECTIVE_________many times.
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Morse Code
| Before phones, computers, and telegraphs were invented, messages would take months or even years to reach their destination. Samuel Morse was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in April 1791, not knowing that he would be a famous __________________.
| INVENT
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| Since the age of four, Morse had been interested in __________________ and he wanted to become a painter. Mr. and Mrs. Morse were afraid that he couldn't make a living as a painter, so they made him a bookseller. He worked as a bookseller but at night he would paint.
| DRAW
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| __________________, his parents realized how he loved art, so they found the money for Morse to study art in London.
| FINAL
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| After a __________________ artistic career (first painting historical scenes and then portraits), Morse built the first American telegraph around 1835.
| SUCCESS
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| Morse patented a working telegraph machine in 1837, with help from his __________________ partners, Leonard Gale and Alfred Vail.
| BUSY
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| Morse used a dots-and-spaces code for the letters of the alphabet and for numbers. It was later improved to use dashes with dots and spaces. Since then, it has proved its __________________ many times.
| EFFECTIVE
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Great Britain at the 2012 London Olympics
This is certainly the greatest Games for Britain in more than a century, and realistically the greatest ever. The British were more ________SUCCESS__________ only once in 1908, in London, when a third of all the competitors were from the UK.
Gold medals came from 13 different sports as several made _________IMPRESS_________ breakthroughs, including in canoe slalom, road cycling, triathlon and taekwondo.
________SWIM__________, however, brought no gold medals in the Aquatics Centre.
They won just one silver and two bronze medals and a review was launched into their _______TRAIN___________.
Optimists may also conclude from London 2012 that the British team came within a whisker of at least five or six more Olympic titles. However, nobody can _________SERIOUS_________ suggest second place for the UK at the next Olympics.
If funding levels are maintained and progress continues for the next four years, the defense of third place could be a realistic _______EXPECT___________.
Famous inventions stories
Have you ever wondered how the most famous inventions were created? From the _________BEGIN_________ of time, humans everywhere have been inventing.
By looking into our past and bringing invention stories to life, we are all reminded that regular people, like you and me, were able to come up with ________SUCCESS__________ ideas that ended up having a great impact.
Knowing the past can help you create the future. If you are looking for invention inspiration, background for an _______EDUCATION___________ project, or just have a curious mind – read about famous inventions. The stories of great inventions are fascinating.
Some great inventions were created ________SIMPLE__________ by mistake, others by trial and error.
Some ________INVENT__________ of the most well-known products have incredible stories of innovation to tell.
Some of them were not aware at the time of their inventions that their _________CREATE_________ would have a great impact on the world, while others realised immediately that they had a winner.
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