The world famous parades started in the mid-1800s with decorated floats and thousands of people dancing to samba. There is also the famous meat and bean stew called Feijoda.
Port-of-Spain, Trinidad
The French landed here in the 18th century and brought Mardi Gras with them. Nowadays, everyone enjoys the parties and concerts with the famous steel drums from morning to midnight.
§®§Ъ§в§а§У§С§с §г§д§а§в§а§Я§С
§§р§Х§Ъ §У §в§С§Щ§Я§н§з §г§д§в§С§Я§С§з §б§в§С§Щ§Х§Я§е§р§д §®§С§в§Х§Ъ §¤§в§С §г §Ш§Ъ§У§а§Ы §Ю§е§Щ§н§Ь§а§Ы, §Ь§а§г§д§р§Ю§С§Ю§Ъ, §ж§Ц§Ы§Ц§в§У§Ц§в§Ь§С§Ю§Ъ, §б§С§в§С§Х§С§Ю§Ъ §Ъ §Т§а§Э§о§к§Ъ§Ю §Ь§а§Э§Ъ§й§Ц§г§д§У§а§Ю §з§а§в§а§к§Ц§Ы §Ц§Х§н. §і§С§Ю§н§Ц §Ъ§Щ§У§Ц§г§д§Я§н§Ц §д§а§в§Ш§Ц§г§д§У§С §Я§С§з§а§Х§с§д§г§с §У §Ї§а§У§а§Ю §°§в§Э§Ц§С§Я§Ц, §Ј§Ц§Я§Ц§и§Ъ§Ъ, §І§Ъ§а-§Х§Ц-§Ё§С§Я§Ц§Ы§в§а §Ъ §±§а§в§д-§а§ж-§і§б§Ц§Ы§Я§Ц.
§Ї§а§У§н§Ы §°§в§Э§Ц§С§Я, §і§є§Ў
§®§С§Э§Ц§Я§о§Ь§Ъ§Ц §Ф§в§е§б§б§н §Х§Э§с §®§С§в§Х§Ъ §¤§в§С §Я§С§й§С§Э§Ъ §У 1700-§з. § 1800-§Ю §а§Я§Ъ §Т§н§Э§Ъ §а§Ф§в§а§Ю§Я§н§Ю§Ъ §г§а§Т§н§д§Ъ§с§Ю§Ъ §г §Ю§С§г§Ь§С§Ю§Ъ, §Ь§а§г§д§р§Ю§С§Ю§Ъ §Ъ §Х§Ш§С§Щ-§Т§п§Я§Х§С§Ю§Ъ. §±§а§г§Ц§д§Ъ§д§Ц§Э§Ъ §д§С§Ь§Ш§Ц §Х§а§Э§Ш§Я§н §г§е§Х§Ъ§д§о '§Ь§а§в§а§Э§с §§п§Ы§Ь§С' §Ц§Ф§а §Щ§а§Э§а§д§н§Ю§Ъ, §ж§Ъ§а§Э§Ц§д§а§У§н§Ю§Ъ §Ъ §Щ§Ц§Э§Ц§Я§н§Ю§Ъ §з§е§Х§а§Ш§Ц§г§д§У§Ц§Я§Я§н§Ю§Ъ §а§ж§а§в§Ю§Э§Ц§Я§Ъ§с§Ю§Ъ.
§Ј§Ц§Я§Ц§и§Ъ§с, §Є§д§С§Э§Ъ§с
§®§С§в§Х§Ъ §¤§в§С §Я§С§Щ§н§У§С§р§д Carnevale §У §п§д§а§Ю §Ь§в§С§г§Ъ§У§а§Ю §Ф§а§в§а§Х§Ц. §±§Ц§в§У§н§Ц §д§а§в§Ш§Ц§г§д§У§С §Т§н§Э§Ъ §У 11-§Ю §У§Ц§Ь§Ц, §Ъ §Ј§н §Ю§а§Ш§Ц§д§Ц §У§г§Ц §Ц§л§Ц §Я§С§г§Э§С§Ш§Х§С§д§о§г§с §Ь§а§г§д§р§Ю§С§Ю§Ъ, §г§У§Ц§й§С§Ю§Ъ §Ъ §ж§Ц§Ы§Ц§в§У§Ц§в§Ь§С§Ю§Ъ §Я§а§й§о§р §а§д §Ф§а§Я§Х§а§Э§н §У §Ь§С§Я§С§Э§С§з §Ј§Ц§Я§Ц§и§Ъ§Ъ.
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§І§Ъ§а-§Х§Ц-§Ё§С§Я§Ц§Ы§в§а, §ў§в§С§Щ§Ъ§Э§Ъ§с
§Ј§г§Ц§Ю§Ъ§в§Я§а §Ъ§Щ§У§Ц§г§д§Я§н§Ц §б§С§в§С§Х§н §Я§С§й§С§Э§Ъ§г§о §У §г§Ц§в§Ц§Х§Ъ§Я§Ц 1800-§з §г §е§Ь§в§С§к§Ц§Я§Я§н§з §б§Э§С§У§С§Я§Ъ§Ы §Ъ §д§н§г§с§й §Э§р§Х§Ц§Ы, §д§С§Я§и§е§р§л§Ъ§з §б§а§Х §г§С§Ю§Т§е. §¦§г§д§о §д§С§Ь§Ш§Ц §Ъ§Щ§У§Ц§г§д§Я§а§Ц §д§е§к§Ц§Я§а§Ц §Ю§с§г§а §Ю§с§г§С §Ъ §Т§а§Т§С, §Я§С§Щ§У§С§Я§Я§а§Ц Feijoda .
§±§а§в§д-§а§ж-§і§б§Ц§Ы§Я, §ґ§в§Ъ§Я§Ъ§Х§С§Х
§¶§в§С§Я§и§е§Щ§н §б§в§Ъ§Щ§Ц§Ю§Э§Ъ§Э§Ъ§г§о §Щ§Х§Ц§г§о §У 18-§Ю §У§Ц§Ь§Ц §Ъ §б§в§Ъ§Я§Ц§г§Э§Ъ §®§С§в§Х§Ъ §¤§в§С §г §Я§Ъ§Ю§Ъ. §Ј §Я§С§к§Ц §У§в§Ц§Ю§с §У§г§Ц §Я§С§г§Э§С§Ш§Х§С§р§д§г§с §г§д§а§в§а§Я§С§Ю§Ъ §Ъ §Ь§а§Я§и§Ц§в§д§С§Ю§Ъ §г §Ъ§Щ§У§Ц§г§д§Я§н§Ю§Ъ §г§д§С§Э§о§Я§н§Ю§Ъ §Т§С§в§С§Т§С§Я§С§Ю§Ъ §г §е§д§в§С §Х§а §б§а§Э§е§Я§а§й§Ъ.
Masai rite of passage
The Masai are an African tribe of about half a million people. Most of them live in the country of Kenya, but they are also nomadic. Groups of Masai also live in other parts of east Africa, including north Tanzania and they move their animals (cows, sheep and goats) to different areas of the region.
There are many other African tribes but, for many people, the Masai are the most well-known. They are famous for their bright red clothing and their ceremonies that include lots of music and dancing. Probably, one of the most colourful ceremonies is the festival of Ў®EunotoЎЇ. This is a rite of passage when the teenage boys of the Masai become men.
Ў®EunotoЎЇ lasts for many days and Masai people travel across the region to get to a special place near the border between Kenya and Tanzania. The teenage boys who travel with them are called Ў®warriorsЎЇ. This is a traditional name from the past when young men fought with other tribes. Nowadays, these warriors spend most of their time looking after their cattle.
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At the beginning of the ceremony, the teenagers paint their bodies. Meanwhile, their mothers start to build a place called the Ў®OsingiraЎЇ. It is a sacred room in the middle of the celebrations. Later, the older men from different tribes will sit inside this place and, at different times, the boys go inside to meet them. Later in the day, the boys run around the Ў®OsingiraЎЇ, going faster and faster each time. It is another important part of the ritual.
The teenagers also have to change their appearance at Ў®EunotoЎЇ. Masai boysЎЇ hair is very long before the ritual but they have to cut it off. In Masai culture, hair is an important symbol. For example, when a baby grows into an infant, the mother cuts the childЎЇs hair and gives the child a name. At a Masai wedding, the hair of the bride is also cut off as she becomes a woman. And so, at Eunoto, the teenage boyЎЇs mother cuts his hair off at sunrise.
On the final day, the teenagers meet the senior elders one more time. They get this advice: Ў®Now you are men, use your heads and knowledge.ЎЇ Then, people start to travel back to their homes and lands. The teenagers are no longer Ў®warriorsЎЇ. They are adult men and now they will get married, have children and buy cattle. Later in life, they will be the leaders of their communities.
§°§Т§в§с§Х §б§а§г§У§с§л§Ц§Я§Ъ§с §Ю§С§г§С§Ъ
§®§С§г§С§Ъ - §С§ж§в§Ъ§Ь§С§Я§г§Ь§а§Ц §б§Э§Ц§Ю§с §б§в§Ъ§Т§Э§Ъ§Щ§Ъ§д§Ц§Э§о§Я§а §б§а§Э§е§Ю§Ъ§Э§Э§Ъ§а§Я§С §й§Ц§Э§а§У§Ц§Ь. §ў§а§Э§о§к§Ъ§Я§г§д§У§а §Ъ§Щ §Я§Ъ§з §Ш§Ъ§У§Ц§д §У §г§д§в§С§Я§Ц §§Ц§Я§Ъ§с, §Я§а §а§Я§Ъ §д§С§Ь§Ш§Ц §Ь§а§й§Ц§У§н§Ц. §¤§в§е§б§б§н §Ю§С§г§С§Ы§г§Ь§а§Ф§а §с§Щ§н§Ь§С §д§С§Ь§Ш§Ц §Ш§Ъ§У§е§д §У §Х§в§е§Ф§Ъ§з §й§С§г§д§с§з §Ј§а§г§д§а§й§Я§а§Ы §Ў§ж§в§Ъ§Ь§Ъ, §У§Ь§Э§р§й§С§с §г§Ц§У§Ц§в§Я§е§р §ґ§С§Я§Щ§С§Я§Ъ§р, §Ъ §а§Я§Ъ §б§Ц§в§Ц§Ю§Ц§л§С§р§д §г§У§а§Ъ§з §Ш§Ъ§У§а§д§Я§н§з (§Ь§а§в§а§У§н, §а§У§и§н §Ъ §Ь§а§Щ§н) §У §в§С§Щ§Э§Ъ§й§Я§н§Ц §а§Т§Э§С§г§д§Ъ §в§Ц§Ф§Ъ§а§Я§С.
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§¦§г§д§о §Ю§Я§а§Ф§Ъ§Ц §Х§в§е§Ф§Ъ§Ц §С§ж§в§Ъ§Ь§С§Я§г§Ь§Ъ§Ц §б§Э§Ц§Ю§Ц§Я§С, §Я§а §Х§Э§с §Ю§Я§а§Ф§Ъ§з §Э§р§Х§Ц§Ы §Ю§С§г§С§Ъ §с§У§Э§с§Ц§д§г§с §г§С§Ю§н§Ю §Ъ§Щ§У§Ц§г§д§Я§н§Ю. §°§Я§Ъ §Ъ§Щ§У§Ц§г§д§Я§н §г§У§а§Ц§Ы §с§в§Ь§а-§Ь§в§С§г§Я§а§Ы §а§Х§Ц§Ш§Х§а§Ы §Ъ §г§У§а§Ъ§Ю§Ъ §и§Ц§в§Ц§Ю§а§Я§Ъ§с§Ю§Ъ, §Ь§а§д§а§в§н§Ц §У§Ь§Э§р§й§С§р§д §Т§а§Э§о§к§е§р §Ю§е§Щ§н§Ь§е §Ъ §д§С§Я§Ц§и. §Ј§Ц§в§а§с§д§Я§а, §а§Х§Я§С §Ъ§Щ §г§С§Ю§н§з §Ь§в§С§г§а§й§Я§н§з §и§Ц§в§Ц§Ю§а§Я§Ъ§Ы - §ж§Ц§г§д§Ъ§У§С§Э§о Ў® Eunoto ЎЇ. §ї§д§а - §а§Т§в§с§Х §б§а§г§У§с§л§Ц§Я§Ъ§с, §Ь§а§Ф§Х§С §б§а§Х§в§а§г§д§Ь§Ъ §Ю§С§г§С§Ъ §г§д§С§Я§а§У§с§д§г§с §Ю§е§Ш§й§Ъ§Я§С§Ю§Ъ.
Ў® Eunoto ЎЇ §Х§Э§Ъ§д§г§с §У §д§Ц§й§Ц§Я§Ъ§Ц §Ю§Я§а§Ф§Ъ§з §Х§Я§Ц§Ы, §Ъ §Ю§С§г§С§Ъ §б§е§д§Ц§к§Ц§г§д§У§е§р§д §й§Ц§в§Ц§Щ §в§Ц§Ф§Ъ§а§Я, §й§д§а§Т§н §Х§а§Т§в§С§д§о§г§с §Х§а §г§б§Ц§и§Ъ§С§Э§о§Я§а§Ф§а §Ю§Ц§г§д§С §а§Ь§а§Э§а §Ф§в§С§Я§Ъ§и§н §Ю§Ц§Ш§Х§е §§Ц§Я§Ъ§Ц§Ы §Ъ §ґ§С§Я§Щ§С§Я§Ъ§Ц§Ы. §±§а§Х§в§а§г§д§Ь§а§У, §Ь§а§д§а§в§н§Ц §б§е§д§Ц§к§Ц§г§д§У§е§р§д §г §Я§Ъ§Ю§Ъ, §Я§С§Щ§н§У§С§р§д '§У§а§Ъ§Я§С§Ю§Ъ'. §ї§д§а - §д§в§С§Х§Ъ§и§Ъ§а§Я§Я§а§Ц §Ъ§Ю§с §а§д §б§в§а§к§Э§а§Ф§а, §Ь§а§Ф§Х§С §Ю§а§Э§а§Х§н§Ц §Э§р§Х§Ъ §Т§а§в§а§Э§Ъ§г§о §г §Х§в§е§Ф§Ъ§Ю§Ъ §б§Э§Ц§Ю§Ц§Я§С§Ю§Ъ. §Ј §Я§С§к§Ц §У§в§Ц§Ю§с §п§д§Ъ §У§а§Ъ§Я§н §б§в§а§У§а§Х§с§д §Т§а§Э§о§к§е§р §й§С§г§д§о §г§У§а§Ц§Ф§а §У§в§Ц§Ю§Ц§Я§Ъ, §Щ§С§Т§а§д§с§г§о §а§Т §Ъ§з §Ь§а§в§а§У§С§з.
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§Ј §Я§С§й§С§Э§Ц §и§Ц§в§Ц§Ю§а§Я§Ъ§Ъ §б§а§Х§в§а§г§д§Ь§Ъ §в§Ъ§г§е§р§д §д§Ц§Э§С. §®§Ц§Ш§Х§е §д§Ц§Ю §Ъ§з §Ю§С§д§Ц§в§Ъ §Я§С§й§Ъ§Я§С§р§д §г§д§в§а§Ъ§д§о §Ю§Ц§г§д§а, §Я§С§Щ§У§С§Я§Я§а§Ц Ў® Osingira ЎЇ. §ї§д§а - §г§У§с§л§Ц§Я§Я§С§с §Ь§а§Ю§Я§С§д§С §б§а§г§в§Ц§Х§Ъ §д§а§в§Ш§Ц§г§д§У. §±§а§Щ§Ш§Ц, §б§а§Ш§Ъ§Э§н§Ц §Э§р§Х§Ъ §а§д §в§С§Щ§Э§Ъ§й§Я§н§з §б§Э§Ц§Ю§Ц§Я §Т§е§Х§е§д §г§Ъ§Х§Ц§д§о §У §п§д§а§Ю §Ю§Ц§г§д§Ц §Ъ, §У §в§С§Щ§Я§а§Ц §У§в§Ц§Ю§с, §Ю§С§Э§о§й§Ъ§Ь§Ъ §У§з§а§Х§с§д, §й§д§а§Т§н §У§г§д§в§Ц§д§Ъ§д§о §Ъ§з. §±§а§Щ§Ш§Ц §У §д§а§д §Ш§Ц §Х§Ц§Я§о §Ю§С§Э§о§й§Ъ§Ь§Ъ §Т§Ц§Ф§е§д §У§а§Ь§в§е§Ф Ў® Osingira ЎЇ, §Ъ§Х§с §Т§н§г§д§в§Ц§Ц §Ъ §Т§н§г§д§в§Ц§Ц §Ь§С§Ш§Х§н§Ы §в§С§Щ. §ї§д§а - §Х§в§е§Ф§С§с §У§С§Ш§Я§С§с §й§С§г§д§о §в§Ъ§д§е§С§Э§С.
§±§а§Х§в§а§г§д§Ь§Ъ §д§С§Ь§Ш§Ц §Х§а§Э§Ш§Я§н §Ъ§Щ§Ю§Ц§Я§Ъ§д§о §г§У§а§Ц §б§а§с§У§Э§Ц§Я§Ъ§Ц §Я§С Ў® Eunoto ЎЇ. §Ј§а§Э§а§г§н §Ю§С§Э§о§й§Ъ§Ь§а§У §Ю§С§г§С§Ъ §а§й§Ц§Я§о §Х§Э§Ъ§Я§Я§н §б§Ц§в§Ц§Х §в§Ъ§д§е§С§Э§а§Ю, §Я§а §а§Я§Ъ §Х§а§Э§Ш§Я§н §а§д§Ь§Э§р§й§Ъ§д§о §Ц§Ф§а. §Ј §Ь§е§Э§о§д§е§в§Ц §Ю§С§г§С§Ъ §У§а§Э§а§г§н - §У§С§Ш§Я§н§Ы §г§Ъ§Ю§У§а§Э. §Ї§С§б§в§Ъ§Ю§Ц§в, §Ь§а§Ф§Х§С §в§Ц§Т§Ц§Я§а§Ь §б§в§Ц§У§в§С§л§С§Ц§д§г§с §У §Ю§Э§С§Х§Ц§Я§и§С, §Ю§С§д§о §б§а§Х§г§д§в§Ъ§Ф§С§Ц§д §У§а§Э§а§г§н §в§Ц§Т§Ц§Я§Ь§С §Ъ §Х§С§Ц§д §в§Ц§Т§Ц§Я§Ь§е §Ъ§Ю§с. §Ї§С §г§У§С§Х§о§Т§Ц §Ю§С§г§С§Ъ §д§С§Ь§Ш§Ц §а§д§в§Ц§Щ§С§Я§н §У§а§Э§а§г§н §Я§Ц§У§Ц§г§д§н, §б§а§г§Ь§а§Э§о§Ь§е §а§Я§С §г§д§С§Я§а§У§Ъ§д§г§с §Ш§Ц§Я§л§Ъ§Я§а§Ы. §Є §д§С§Ь, §У Eunoto , §Ю§С§д§о §б§а§Х§в§а§г§д§Ь§С §б§а§Х§г§д§в§Ъ§Ф§С§Ц§д §Ц§Ф§а §У§а§Э§а§г§н §б§в§а§й§о §У §У§а§г§з§а§Х§Ц §г§а§Э§Я§и§С.
§Ј §б§а§г§Э§Ц§Х§Я§Ъ§Ы §Х§Ц§Я§о §б§а§Х§в§а§г§д§Ь§Ъ §У§г§д§в§Ц§й§С§р§д §У§н§г§а§Ь§а§б§а§г§д§С§У§Э§Ц§Я§Я§н§з §г§д§С§в§Ц§Ы§к§Ъ§Я §Ц§л§Ц §в§С§Щ. §°§Я§Ъ §б§а§Э§е§й§С§р§д §п§д§а§д §г§а§У§Ц§д: Ў®§ґ§Ц§б§Ц§в§о §Ј§н - §Ю§е§Ш§й§Ъ§Я§н, §Ъ§г§б§а§Э§о§Щ§е§Ц§д§Ц §Ј§С§к§Ъ §Ф§а§Э§а§У§н §Ъ §Щ§Я§С§Я§Ъ§ЦЎЇ. §©§С§д§Ц§Ю §Э§р§Х§Ъ §Я§С§й§Ъ§Я§С§р§д §Ц§з§С§д§о §Я§С§Щ§С§Х §У §Ъ§з §Х§а§Ю§С §Ъ §Щ§Ц§Ю§Э§Ъ. §±§а§Х§в§а§г§д§Ь§Ъ §Т§а§Э§о§к§Ц §Я§Ц '§У§а§Ъ§Я§н'. §°§Я§Ъ - §У§Щ§в§а§г§Э§н§Ц §Ю§е§Ш§й§Ъ§Я§н, §Ъ §д§Ц§б§Ц§в§о §а§Я§Ъ §Т§е§Х§е§д §Ш§Ц§Я§Ъ§д§о§г§с, §Ъ§Ю§Ц§д§о §Х§Ц§д§Ц§Ы §Ъ §б§а§Ь§е§б§С§д§о §Ь§а§в§а§У. §±§а§Щ§Ш§Ц §У §Ш§Ъ§Щ§Я§Ъ, §а§Я§Ъ §Т§е§Х§е§д §Э§Ъ§Х§Ц§в§С§Ю§Ъ §г§У§а§Ъ§з §г§а§а§Т§л§Ц§г§д§У.
A boat made of bottles
A boat with a difference
The Plastiki looks similar to many other boats or yachts in Sydney harbour. ItЎЇs eighteen metres long, six metres wide and it weighs about twelve thousand kilos. It carries a crew of six people and has an average speed of five knots. However, once you get near to the Plastiki you realise thereЎЇs a big difference. ItЎЇs made of twelve thousand five hundred reclaimed plastic bottles.
How did the Plastiki begin?
One day, the environmentalist David De Rothschild was reading some information about all the plastic in the seas and oceans. He couldnЎЇt believe what he was reading. For example, humans throw away four out of every five plastic bottles they use and plastic rubbish causes about eighty per cent of the pollution in the sea. Soon afterwards, Rothschild decided he wanted to help the fight against pollution in the sea. To create publicity for the problem, he started building a boat made of plastic bottles.
Designing the Plastiki
As well as building the boat with recycled plastic, it was important for him to make the boat environmentally-friendly and user-friendly. The boat uses renewable energy sources including wind power and solar energy. The crew can make meals with vegetables from the small garden at the back of the boat. They can take a break from work and get some exercise by using the special exercise bicycle. The energy from the bike provides power for the boatЎЇs computers. And if anyone needs to take a shower, the boatЎЇs shower uses saltwater from the sea.
The journey
De Rothschild sailed the Plastiki across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Sydney. ThatЎЇs fifteen thousand three hundred and seventy two nautical kilometres. On the way, De Rothschild took the special boat through the Ў®Great Garbage PatchЎЇ. It is a huge area in the Pacific with 3.5 billion kilos of rubbish. You can see every kind of human rubbish here: shoes, toys, bags, toothbrushes, but the worst problem is the plastic. It kills birds and sea life.
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