Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы (работа в парах).
1. Why is sixteen a crucial age?
2. Where can one study to gain “A” or “AS” levels?
3. What courses are provided for young people in schools and colleges?
4. Where do young people get advice about entering the job market?
5. What do you know about Youth Training course?
6. Do most business start-ups succeed or fail?
7. What organizations help young people to start their own business?
8. What program provides training if a young man wants to start small business?
Выпишите из текста слова, отражающие основную тему текста.
Составьте план текста на английском языке.
Напишите небольшое сообщение на английском языке по теме текста.
Раздел 2.3.
2.3.1. Прочитайте текст . Дайте ответ на вопрос : “What are the ways of getting education at school?”
Notes:
1. Grammar school – классическая школа
2. “O” levels – экзамены «обычного» уровня
3. “A” levels – экзамены «продвинутого» уровня
My schooling really started at the age of five, and until I was nine I went to a private school, which is quite unusual in England. Then my parents moved and I went to a village school in the countryside. This was a primary school, which children usually go from the ages from five to eleven. At eleven we took an exam called the eleven plus. If we passed that we could go to grammar school, and if we failed we had to go to secondary school. I went to a grammar school. That was quite a good school. It was good for languages. We studied about nine subjects.
My favourite teacher was my Russian teacher. She was a French teacher who was married to a very old Russian emigrant.
At the age of sixteen we took “O” level exams, then some people left after that. That was one option or we could go on to a technical college or “Tech”, and study some kind of technical or computer studies, or we could stay on for another two years, and take “A” levels, which are Advanced level exams. I took “A” levels in English Literature, Russian and Spanish. I had to read so many books. I had to sit and read Tolstoy, Dickens and Cervantes.
At the age of about eighteen, in August, everybody in my year was waiting for their “A” level results to see if they got high enough grades to go on to university. We had to apply for five universities, which we put on a list, with the best one at the top. If you want to go to Oxford or Cambridge, you have to put that as number one, and then it goes down, so Oxford and Cambridge would have to be the first, and then maybe Bristol, Manchester, Leeds, and the rest.
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University usually lasts for three or four years. When I was at university we were given a grant, or a sum of money to live on, and we didn’t have to pay it back. The amount you got was graded according to your parents’ income. So, if your parents didn’t have very much money you got a full grant, which was not a lot of money, but you could live on it. So you could pay your rent, get food and go out quite a lot, and buy your books. Going to live in Leeds in the North was better, because things were much cheaper than in London, where it’s very difficult for a student to survive, especially these days.
At university, it’s quite different from being at school because you have to rely on your own motivation. I know a lot of people who just didn’t go to any of their classes because they weren’t compulsory.
Final exams at university were based on the whole three years’ studies, so there was a lot to learn.
2.3.2. Выберите заголовок, наиболее соответствующий содержанию текста:
1. School And University Life
2. Ways of Student Life.
3. Schooling
4. My Education
Ролевая игра.
В Москве проходит международная студенческая конференция. Студенты общаются и расспрашивают друг друга об учебе вузах, в которых они учатся (Оксфордский университет, Токийский университет, университет в Торонто, Варшавский университет, Московский университет и т.д.).
Раздел 2.4.
2.4.1. Письменно составьте утвердительные предложения из данных слов и словосочетаний. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
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| out/ they/ have/ just/ gone/. They have just gone out. |
1. To him/ have/ I/ just/spoken. 2. Paris/ has/ she/ never/ been/ to. 3. Lately/I/busy/have/been. 4. Yet/have/not/they/come. 5. A new house/ Sue/ has/bought/already. 6. Today/Mike/met/her/has. 7. Interesting programs/we/this week/on TV/ have watched. 8. Three times/this film/have/I/seen. 9. For many years/he/in this house/lived/has. 10. For three years/has/she/married/been.
2.4.2. Письменно составьте общие вопросы. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
| He has already heard the news. Has he the news yet? – Yes, he has. No, he has not (hasn`t). |
1. I have just spoken to him. 2. She has never been to Paris. 3. I have been very busy lately 4. They have not come yet. 5. Sue has already bought a new house 6. Mike has met her today 7. We have watched interesting programs on TV this week. 8. I have seen this film three times. 9. He has lived in this house for many years. 10. She has been married for three years.
2.4.3. Письменно составьте специальные вопросы, кроме вопроса к подлежащему. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
| They have just gone out. What have they done? |
1. He has lived in this flat for three years. 2. We have read this text three times. 3. The lesson has already begun. 4. I have called you twice.
2.4.4. Письменно составьте вопросы к подлежащему. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
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| They have just gone out. Who has just gone out? -They have. |
1. They have written a report on this problem. 2. She has brought tickets for the concert. 3. The lesson has already begun. 4. I have called you twice.
2.4.5. Письменно составьте утвердительные предложения из данных слов и словосочетаний. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
| Before they came/ had/begun/the lesson The lesson had begun before they came. |
1. When we arrived/ my friend/ left/had. 2. Had/ left/ we/ an hour/ before he returned. 3. By last Friday/ had/ they/ done/work. 4. Before we went sightseeing/ had/ we/ studied/ the map. 5. By the time I called/ had/ sold/ they/ the tickets. 6. We/ studied/ had/ the train schedule/ before went to the booking office. 7. By the time he came/ cleaned/ the house/ we/ had. 8. They/ all the bills/ paid/ had/ before they left for/ home. 9. Before they left for Moscow/ had/ they/ visited/ their granny. 10. When I came to the office/ our/ manager/ had/ signed/ the contract.
2.4.6. Письменно составьте общие вопросы. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
| He had cleaned the house by five yesterday.- Had he cleaned the house by five yesterday. -Yes, he had. No, he had not (hadn’t). |
1. They had done their work by last Wednesday. 2. We had studied the words before the control work. 3. She had left for London by Sunday. 4. He had bought a new house before his mother came.
2.4.7. Письменно составьте специальные вопросы (кроме вопросов к подлежащему). (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice”» на странице 102.)
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| They had passed their last exam by twelve yesterday. What had they passed by twelve yesterday? |
1. They had sold all the tickets by the time I called. 2.We had studied the train schedule before we went to the booking office.3. By the time he came we had cleaned the house. 4. They had paid all the bills before they left for home.
2.4.8. Письменно составьте вопросы к подлежащему. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
| We had seen the film before we read the book. Who had seen the film? – We had. |
1. They had visited their granny before they left London.2. Our manager had signed the contract when I came to the office. 3. My friend had booked the tickets by the end of last week. 4. Our students had left for Rome by the end of last month.
2.4.9. Письменно составьте утвердительные предложения из данных слов и словосочетаний. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
| By Friday/have/will/done/she /her work. She will have done her work by Friday. |
1. By that date/my father/have/will/booked/the tickets. 2. When they come/ the lesson/begun/will/have. 3. Have/come/from/his trip/he/ by/tomorrow/will. 4. Their car/they/sold/will/have/by next month. 5. By that time/Ton/will/written/have/his report. 6. When we come/mother/the dinner/will/have/prepared. 7. I called/will/have/him/ by that time. 8. By next Wednesday/ the clerk/ will/printed/have/the papers. 9. By noon/ will/he/have/the papers/signed. 10. Jane will/answered/have/the letter/by that time.
2.4.10. Письменно составьте общие вопросы. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
| The lesson will have begun before they come. Will the lesson have begun before they come? -Yes, it will. No, it will not (won’t). |
1. My friend will have had left when we arrive. 2. We will have left an hour before he returns. 3. They will have done that work by next Friday. 4. Before we we go sightseeing we shall have studied the map.
2.4.11. Письменно составьте утвердительные предложения из данных слов и словосочетаний. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
| Since morning/ raining/it/ has/been. It has been raining since morning. |
1. Since August/ has/ he/ been/ working/ at this problem/. 2. For two hours/ they/ been/have/ studying/ the contract/. 3. Have/ been/ the managers/ this matter/ discussing/ for half an hour/. 4. They/ have/ since/ nine/ been/ dancing/ they. 5. On the phone/ has/ she/ speaking/ been/ for/ half an hour/. 6. The TV/ the children/ watching/ have/ been/ since morning/. 7. Since three o’clock/ has/ she/ reading/ she/ been/. 8. Have/ doing/ they/ been/ this work/ for/ two hours/. 9. They/ been/ dancing/ since nine/ have/.10. my brother/ writing/ has/been/ his report/ for two hours/.
2.4.12. Письменно составьте утвердительные предложения из данных слов. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
| When they left/it/for an hour/been/had/raining. It had been raining for an hour when they left. |
1. Had/ been/ doing/ this work/ they/ for several days/ when they got this offer. 2. The documents/ been/ preparing/ had/ for twenty minutes/ the clerks/ when their boss arrived. 3. For half an hour/ we/ been/ skiing/ had/ when the snowfall began. 4. When my friends came I/ been/ for an hour/ had/ cooking. 5. The TV/ for two hours/ had/ watching/ been/ the children/ when mother switched it off. 6. When they finally came to an agreement/ they/ discussing/ the contract/ had/ been/ since 10 a.m. 7. Had/ been/ having a shower/ for/ he/ ten minutes/ when this TV program began. 8. Had/ the car/ running/ been/ had/ for an hour/ when the accident happened. 9. By the time I met my friends/ walking/ been/ I/ had/ for three hours. 10. Tennis/ had/ he/ playing/ been/ for some years/ before he managed to win at the competition.
2.4.13. Письменно составьте утвердительные предложения из данных слов и словосочетаний. (Используйте таблицы «Структура английского предложения» на странице 101 и «Tense Forms/Active Voice» на странице 102.)
| For two hours/Ann/have/will/been/working/have/ when she finishes her composition. Ann will have been working for two hours when she finishes her composition. |
1. Will/ have been/ working/ I/ over this article/ by next Monday/ for a week. 2. This program/ will/ he/ been/ have/ watching/ for twenty minutes/ when his friend comes. 3. For ten minutes/ will/ she/ have/ been/ having/ a shower/ when the film begins. 4. His car/ he/ washing/ have/ been/ will/ for some minutes/ when the mechanic comes. 5. The managers/ this matter/ discussing/ have/ been/ will/ when the boss comes. 6. They/ will/ have/ been/ having/ talks/ for two hours/ when they come to an agreement. 7. When mother comes/ the children/ watching/ have/ been/ will/ the TV/ for an hour. 8. When I return/ will/ have/ computer games/ been/ for forty minutes/the children/ playing.
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