LEAD-IN: Mapping Out the Context.
Brainstorm ideas on the following questions.
1. Why is international migration a global challenge for the 21st century?
2. Why do people cross national borders?
3. Why is migration often controversial?
LISTENING
Before you listen say what you know about the following topics.
1. Who is a refugee?
2. Why do refugees flee their countries?
Note-completion: Listen to the radio programme about refugees by Claire Powell and Dave Collett and fill in the gaps with suitable words.
[12] Powell C., Collett D. Refugees. – British Council, 2017
Listen to the radio programme again and write its text (transcript). Compare your notes with your partner’s.
Definitions: Explain the meaning of the words you have written in exercise 2.
Discussion: Respond to the following questions.
1. Why are some countries adamant against allowing too many refugees coming into their country? List the problems that refugees can bring for the receiving countries and negative assumptions they can cause in the society.
2. What benefits might the arrival of refugees have for the receiving countries? List positive assumptions about the refugees.
3. Is the ‘refugee coming’ a problem for your country or not? Why? Comment on your response.
CONCEPT STUDY
1 Read the definition of the term ‘international migration’ and create a concept map, adding ideas to the explanation given.
International Migration: Facing the Challenge
By Philip Martin and Jonas Widgren
International migration—people moving across national borders—is a global challenge for the 21st century. More than 190 nation-states issue their own passports and visas and regulate who can cross their borders and stay. At least 160 million people were living outside their country of birth or citizenship in 2000, up from an estimated 120 million in 1990. If the world's migrants were in one place, they would create the world's sixth most populous country (after China, India, the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil).
Most of the world's 6.1 billion people never cross a national border—they will live and die near their place of birth. Most people who do cross national borders will move only a short distance to nearby countries. But more than 80 percent of the world's population live in less developed countries, and most international migrants move from one less developed nation to another. Still, at least 40 percent of the world's international migrants live in a handful of industrialized countries, including the United States, and their presence raises major socioeconomic issues in the countries of origin and countries of destination.
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[13]Population Reference Bureau, 2017.
Individual Project: Choose the topic from the list below, study it and prepare a mini-project, describing the concepts mentioned.
1. Who is a refugee?
2. Who is an internationally displaced person?
3. Who is a stateless person?
4. Who is an asylum seeker?
5. What is the 1951 Refugee Convention?
READING
1 Read the short texts about migration issues and be ready to answer the questions.
Text 1
Migration Trends
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. The reasons for migration can be economic, social, political or environmental. There are usually push factors and pull factors at work.
Migration impacts on both the place left behind, and on the place where migrants settle.
What is migration?
Illegal immigrants on the American/Mexican border
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
· Internal migration is when people migrate within the same country or region - for example, moving from London to Plymouth.
· International migration is when people migrate from one country to another - for example, moving from Mexico to the USA.
Two key migration terms
· Emigration - when someone leaves a country.
· Immigration - when someone enters a country.
Text 2
Why do people migrate?
People migrate for many different reasons. These reasons can be classified as economic, social, political or environmental:
· economic migration - moving to find work or follow a particular career path
· social migration - moving somewhere for a better quality of life or to be closer to family or friends
· political migration - moving to escape political persecution or war
· environmental causes of migration include natural disasters such as flooding
Some people choose to migrate, e.g. someone who moves to another country to enhance their career opportunities. Some people are forced to migrate, e.g. someone who moves due to war or famine.
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A refugee is someone who has left their home and does not have a new home to go to. Often refugees do not carry many possessions with them and do not have a clear idea of where they may finally settle.
Text 3
Push and pull factors
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