Terms, Abbreviations, and Symbols Used in this Textbook

⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 3 из 57Следующая ⇒

verb Verb refers to the verb part of a phrasal verb. In other words, the phrasal verb minus the particle. In the phrasal verb pull over, pull is the verb and over is the particle.

particle The adverbs and prepositions in phrasal verbs are both called particles in this book. Many particles are adverbs and prepositions, and it can be very difficult and confusing to figure out if a particle in a particular phrasal verb is one or the other. Fortunately, this is almost never important to the student, so it is a lot easier to simply call them both particles.

p.v. phrasal verb n. a noun made from a phrasal verb

part.adj. participle adjective — a past participle of a phrasal verb used as an adjective put on it. When words or sentences have a line through them, it means that they are incorrect.

... Three dots between the verb and the particle mean that the object of the phrasal verb can be placed between the verb and the particle.

1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable. Unfortunately, there is no rule that will help you to look at a phrasal verb and always know whether it is separable or nonseparable.

Separable phrasal verbs

Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by their object. When the object is a noun, it is usually entirely optional whether the object is placed between the verb and the particle or placed after the particle. Both sentences below are correct:

I took my shoes off.

I took off my shoes.

However, when a pronoun is used instead of a noun, the pronoun must be placed between the verb and the particle:

I took them off.

~~I took off them.~~

But in one type of sentence, separable phrasal verbs must be separated — when the phrasal verb has two objects:

She put a blanket on.
She put on a blanket.

She put ablanket on thebed.
~~She put on~~ ~~a blanket the bed.~~

Nonseparable phrasal verbs

Nonseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated by their object:

He ran into a tree.
~~He ran a tree into.~~

Throughout this book, phrasal verbs that can be separated have three dots (...) between the verb and the particle.

Infinitive_____________________________________________

present tense -ing form past tense past participle

Come from

come from & comes from coming from came from come from

1. come from p.v. When you come from a place, you were born there or lived there previously. When you come from a family or a social situation, your past experience helps to explain your present attitudes and behavior.

Mike comes from Alaska, so he's used to cold weather.

Jane had a difficult childhood. She came from a broken home.

2. come from p.v. When something comes from a source, that is where it originated.

The word "admiral" comes from an Arabic word.
The mechanic heard a strange sound coming from the engine.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
figure out
	figure out & figures out	figuring out	figured out	figured out

1. figure ... out p.v. [the object can be a noun or a noun clause] When you figure out something, such as the answer to a question, the solution to a problem, or why a person is a certain way or acts a certain way, you think about and succeed in understanding it.

Joe's so hostile all the time. I can't figure him out.
I looked everywhere for my keys, but I couldn't figure out where I put them.

give back
	give back & gives back	giving back	gave back	given back

1. give ... back (to) p.v. When you return something to someone, you give it back.

Can I use your pen? I'll give it back after the test.

Timmy, give that toy back to your sister right now!

look for
	look for & looks for	looking for	looked for	looked for

1. look for p.v. When you look for things or people, you try to find them.

/ looked for you at the party, but I didn't see you.
Excuse me, can you help me? I'm looking for 303 Main St.

put on
	put on & puts on	putting on	put on	put on

1. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to your body, you put it on.

I put on my new dress before going to the party.
Eric forgot to put suntan lotion on, and now he's as red as a lobster.

2. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to another surface, you put it on.

I put the book on the table.

Jerry put too much fertilizer on his lawn[S1] , and now he has to cut it twice a week.

3. put... on p.v. When you attach or affix something to another thing, you put it on.

The Wilson’s put a new roof on their house last year.

I told the tailor to put red buttons on the dress he's making for me.

4. put... on p.v. When you put on weight, you gain weight.

THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK

Did you see Mike? He's put on so much weight that I didn't recognize him.
I need to go on a diet. I've been putting on a lot of weight lately.

5. put ...on p.v. When you organize or perform something for other people's entertainment, such as a play or a concert, you put it on.

The club put on a show to raise money for the party.

That opera hasn't been put on in more than 200 years.

6. put.. .on p.v. [informal] When you put people on, you kid or tease them.

You won the lottery? You're putting me on!

Don't put me on — tell me the truth.

put-on n. Something done with the intention[S2] of fooling or deceiving [S3] people is a put-on.

He didn't really win the lottery. It was all a big put-on to impress his girlfriend.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
run into	run into & runs into	running into	ran into	run into

1. run into p.v. When you are driving and hit another vehicle or something near the road, such as a tree or a telephone pole, you run into it.

Ali was driving too fast, and he ran into a telephone pole.
I was run into by a drunk driver.

2 . run into p.v. When you meet people unexpectedly[S4] or unintentionally[S5] , you run into them. Bump into is the same as run into.

We ran into Karen and her new boyfriend at the supermarket yesterday.

I owe Frank $300, so I hope I don't run into him.

3. run into p.v. When you unexpectedly encounter[S6] difficulties or problems, you run into them.

/ thought it would be easy to fix my car, but I've been running into problems.

Janice ran into one problem after another at work today.

4. run into p.v. When the total of something grows to a large amount or number, it runs into that amount or number.

If you fixed everything on that old car that needs fixing, it would run into thousands of dollars.
The number of starving people in the country ran into millions.

show up
	show up & shows up	showing up	showed up	shown up

1. show up p.v. When you appear somewhere, you show up. Turn up is similar to show up.

/ was supposed to meet my sister for lunch, but she hasn't shown up yet.

Over a hundred people showed up for the news conference.

2 . show up p.v. When something appears or becomes visible, it shows up.

It's hard to photograph polar bears because they don't show up well against the snow. The spots won't show up until the last stages of the disease.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
take off	take off & takes off	taking off	took off	taken off

1. take ...off p.v. When you remove something from your body, you take it off.

/ was so tired when I got home that I took my clothes off and went straight to bed. Take off your shoes. You're getting mud on the carpet.

2. take ...off p.v. When you remove something from a surface, you take it off.

I took the book off the table. You need to take the old wax off the floor before you wax it again.

3. take ...off p.v. When you remove something from something it is attached or affixed to, you take it off.

Alfonso always takes the skin off chicken before he cooks it. After Jane took the flat tire off her bicycle, she put on the new one.

4. take ... off p.v. When you take time off from work or study, you do something different, in stead of working or studying.

I can't work tomorrow. I have to take the day off for some tests at the hospital. Our company always lets us take the week between Christmas and New Year's Day off.

5. take off p.v. When an airplane leaves the ground and flies up into the air, it takes off.

Our plane took off an hour late because of the snow.
Put on your seat belt; we're taking off now.

takeoff n. Takeoff is when an airplane leaves the ground and flies up into the air. The takeoff was delayed because of the snow.

6. take off p.v. When a business or other organized activity becomes very successful, it takes off.

The new restaurant's business is taking off because it got a good review in the newspaper.
If this business takes off, we could make a lot of money.

7. take off p.v. [informal] When you leave suddenly or quickly, you take off.

After he found out the FBI was looking for him, he took off in a hurry.
This party's boring — let's take off.

8. take ... off p.v. When you reduce the price of something that is for sale by a certain amount, you take that amount off the price.

The sign in the store window said, "Every Monday take 10 percent off all marked prices."
The car dealer took $2,000 off the list price.

EXERCISE 1 a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

Example: Sergeant Jones is very strict with his children. He COMES FROM a military family.

1. After the police arrived, we _________________quickly.

2. Sales of air conditioners really ________________ when the temperature got over 100 degrees last summer.

3. Megan ________ a lot of weight ________ when she was pregnant.

4. I'm going to install a new program tonight, and I hope I don't _______________ any problems.

5. The invisible ink _________________only under ultraviolet light.

6. I was expecting 100 people at the party, but only around 50 _________________.

7. Jane was lucky; she _________________ a good family.

8. Be sure you ________ a coat of primer [S7] ________before you paint the fender[S8] .

9. My cousin is so weird that even his mother can't ________ him ___________.

10. I don't feel well; I think I'll ________ tomorrow _________ and stay home.

11. We were scared to death when we heard voices ________the attic.

12. My son always forgets to ________________ his coat before he goes outside.

13. I was surprised when our plane ________________ on time.

14. We ________________ our dog all night, but we couldn't find him.

15. Paul finally _________________ my CDs after I asked him for them about a million times.

16. I'm not going to the party because I don't want to _______________________Janice.

17. The real estate agent said that our asking price was too high and that we should __________ at least $10,000 __________ it if we want to sell our house.

18. ________ ________ those muddy shoes before you come inside.

19. Sending my son to Stanford and my daughter to Yale is going to ________ ________ some serious money.

20. _________ the ornaments ________ the Christmas tree isn't as much fun as putting them on.

21. You can't be serious — you're ________ me ______________!

22. Don't forget to ________ a stamp __________ that letter before you mail it.

23. A special performance of The Nutcracker was _________________ at the children's hospital.

24. The maid ________ the dirty sheets ________ the bed.

25. Be careful! You almost ____________ ______ that truck back there.

EXERCISE 1 b — Write three sentences using the objects in parentheses. Be sure to put the objects in the right place.

Example: I can't figure out. (the answer, it)

I can't figure out the answer. I can't figure the answer out. I can't figure it out.

1. I finally figured out. (the instructions, them)

________________________________________________

2. Give back when you are finished, (my tools, them)
______________________________________________

3. She put on. (her slippers, them)

________________________________________________

4. I took off. (my shoes, them)

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

5. The hurricane took off. (the roof, it)

________________________________________________

EXERCISE 1c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs and nouns from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

Example: I can't understand where my wallet is. What can't I do?

You can't figure out where your wallet is.

1. A lot of guests didn't come to the wedding. What didn't a lot of guests do?

2. Raul thought about the math problem, and he knows the answer now. What did Raul do?

3. The jet is leaving the ground and flying into the air. What is the jet doing?

4. In Question 3, what would you call what the airplane did?

5. Omar speaks Arabic because he was born in Egypt. Why does Omar speak Arabic?

6. We left Bob's house quickly. What did we do?

7. I met Uncle John at the baseball game today. What did I do today?

8. The source of the smoke was a window on the tenth floor. What did the smoke do?

9. You almost hit a tree while you were driving your car. What did you almost do?

10. Mr. Taylor attached his name to his mailbox. What did Mr. Taylor do?

11. I have to remove the flat tire from my car. What do I have to do?

12. We didn't have any problems cooking the turkey. What did we do?

13. I'm removing the dirty dishes from the table. What am I doing?

14. Sales of the company's new product were very successful. What did sales of the company's new product do?

15. Linda is trying to find her golf ball. What is Linda doing?

16. Susie's blue eyes aren't visible in this photo. What don't Susie's eyes do in this photo?

17. Jim always forgets to place salt and pepper on the table. What does Jim always do?

18. Bill didn't go to work last Friday. What didn't Bill do?

19. Sally returned Frank's camera. What did Sally do?

2. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and do, does, and did

Like ordinary verbs, phrasal verbs form negatives and questions with do, does, and did.

Present tense questions

In the present tense, questions are formed with do (except when the subject is he, she, it, or the name of one person or thing):

Why do. I always fall for losers?

Do you sometimes doze off in class?

Do we ever give in to pressure?

How do these bottle tops come off?

When the subject is he, she, it, or the name of one person or thing, does is used. Remember that the -s form of the verb is not used in questions:

Does this welding torch throw sparks up into the air?

Present tense negatives

In the present tense, negatives are formed with do not or don't (except when the subject is he, she, it, or the name of one person or thing):

/ used to doze off while driving, but I don't anymore.

I think he has the flu because you don't usually throw up when you

have a cold.

We don't usually fall for crazy stories like that.

If his dogs do not stay off our lawn, I'm going to call the dogcatcher.

When the subject is he, she, it, or the name of one person or thing, does not or doesn't is used. Remember that the -s form of the verb is not used in negatives:

If Mark doesn't pull through, five children will be without a father.

Past tense questions

In the past tense, questions are formed with did. Remember to use the infinitive form of the verb:

I'm so embarrassed. Why did I fall for his lies?

Did the patient pull through?

How many times did he throw up?

Did we give in to their demands?

Did they hear about the explorer who was eaten by piranhas?

Past tense negatives

In the past tense, negatives are formed with did not or didn't. Remember to use the infinitive form of the verb:

/ was really sick, but I didn't. throw up.

You didn't fall for that nonsense, I hope.

He pulled and pulled, but the bowling ball did not come off.

We didn't hear about the half-price sale until it was too late.

I'm sorry. We tried everything, but she didn't pull through.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
come off	come off & comes off	coming off	came off	come off

1. come off p.v. When something comes off, it becomes detached from what it was attached or fastened to.

Be careful with this old book. The cover's coming off.

That paint won't come off your hands unless you use turpentine[S9] .

2. come off p.v. When an event comes off, it is successful.

The party came off well. Everyone had a lot of fun.

The attack didn't come off the way the general planned it.

3. come off p.v. When you say "Come off it" to people, you are saying that you think something they have said is untrue or foolish.

It's 2:00 a.m., you come home smelling like beer, and you say you were working late at the office?Oh, come off it!

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
doze off	doze off & dozes off	dozing off	dozed off	dozed off

1. doze off p.v. When you fall into a light sleep, you doze off.

I went to a movie last night, but it was so boring I dozed off.

If I have a drink at lunch, I'm sure to doze off at my desk.

Fall for

fall for & falls for falling for fell for fallen for

1. fall for p.v. When someone successfully tricks[S10] or deceives[S11] you, you fall for the trick or deception[S12] or you fall for it.

I feel like an idiot. The salesman promised me it was a real diamond, not glass, and I fell for it.

Your girlfriend told you that guy she was dancing with at the party was her brother? How could you fall for a story like that?

2. fall for p.v. When you suddenly feel a strong attraction to someone or something, you fall for that person or thing.

Jim met Sam's sister last week, and now he calls her every day. I guess he really fell for her in a big way.

When I saw this house,I fell for it immediately, and I made an offer the same day.

give in
	give in & gives in	giving In	gave in	given in

1. give in (to) p.v. When someone pressures or forces you to do something or allow something even though you do not want to, you give in.

My son drove me crazy asking me to buy him a new bicycle, and I finally gave in.

The strike lasted[S13] for eight months, but the company never gave in to the workers' demands[S14] .

hear about
hear about & hears about	hearing about	heard about	heard about

1. hear about p.v. When you hear and learn information about someone or something, you hear about it.

Have you heard about the new Thai restaurant downtown?

I heard about the earthquake on CNN.

pull through
pull through & pulls through	pulling through	pulled through	pulled through

1. pull through p.v. When you recover[S15] from a serious illness or injury[S16] , you pull through.

The doctor didn't think his chances were very good, but he pulled through.

Erik is very sick, but he's young and strong, so I'm sure he'll pull through.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
stay off	stay off & stays off	staying off	stayed off	stayed off

1. stay off p.v. When you stay off something, you don't walk or sit on it.

You kids can play in the living room, but stay off the Persian rug.

What can I do to get my cat to stay off the kitchen counter?

throw up
	throw up & throws up	throwing up	threw up	thrown up

1. throw up p.v. When people throw up, they vomit[S17] .

Alex was so sick that he threw up all over my shoes.

I feel like I'm going to throw up.

1. throw... up p.v. When something causes small particles of dirt, dust, or a liquid to rise into the air, it throws them up.

Be careful with that chain saw [S18] — It'll throw sawdust[S19] up in your eyes.

Don't stand too close to the fire; it's throwing up sparks.

EXERCISE 2a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. Heather calls Tom every day. I have a feeling she's________ ________him.

2. I went to the shoe repair guy because the heel ________ ________ my shoe.

3. I ________ ________ ten minutes after the movie started, and I missed the whole thing.

4. The bride drank too much champagne, and she ________ _______ all over the best man.

5. I needed a car to go to the party, so I told my father I needed his car to go to the library to study, and he ________ ________ it.

6. Uncle Fred's really sick. If he _________ _________, it'll be a miracle.

7. I just shampooed the carpet in the living room, so ________ ________ it.

8. The coup ________ ________ without any bloodshed.

9. I don't care if you beg me all night — I'm not ________ ________!

10. I ________________ your brother's accident last night. Is he all right?

11. Don't get close to the fire. It's ________ ________ ashes and sparks.

12. Do you really expect me to believe a crazy story like that? ________ ________ it!

EXERCISE 2b — Change the sentences to questions using do, does, or did.

Example: Francisco usually dozes off after dinner.

Does Francisco usually doze off after dinner?

1. The sick boy threw up.

2. Rosa falls for every boy she meets.

3. The tops come off easily.

4. The dog stays off the bed.

5. Erik heard about the new job.

EXERCISE 2c — Change the sentences to negatives using do not or don't, does not or doesn't, or did not or didn't.

Example: Francisco dozes off after dinner.

Francisco doesn't doze off after dinner.

1. I always give in to her demands.

2. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor fell for the salesman's promises.

3. These machines throw up sparks.

4. The patient pulled through.

5. The plot come off as planned.

EXERCISE 2d — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. My mother told me not to walk on the kitchen floor. What did my mother tell me?

2. When Dan saw that new motorcycle, he decided he had to buy it no matter how much it cost. How did Dan feel about the motorcycle?

3. The students are so tired that they are starting to sleep in class. What are the students doing?

4. Nicole learns about everything that happens in town. What does Nicole do?

5. The meeting didn't happen the way I planned it. What didn't the meeting do?

6. You had an accident after one of the wheels separated from your car. Why did you have an accident?

7. You can ask a thousand times if you want to, but I'm not agreeing to your demands. What am I not doing to your demands?

8. My cousin made a lot of promises to me, and I believed them. How did I react to her promises?

9. Dr. Wood said Ted's disease is very serious, and she doesn't think there's much hope that he'll recover. What doesn't Dr. Wood think?

10. Timmy is very sick, and he was vomiting all night. What was Timmy doing all night?

EXERCISE 2e,Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from Section 1. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review Section 1.

come from	give back	put on	show up
figure out	look for	run into	take off

1. Look what time it is! We have to be at work in fifteen minutes. We'd better ________

_______ right now.

2. I waited for Joe for three hours, but he never ________ ________.

3. The maid ________ ________ the dirty sheets and washed them.

4. I'm ________ ________ a job closer to home.

5. Potatoes originally ________ ________ South America.

6. That's mine! ________ it ________ right now or I'm telling Mom!

7. They were killed when they ________ ________ a truck.

8. The mechanic can't ________ ________ what the problem is with my car.

3. FOCUS ON: three-word phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs are not always composed of two words. Three-word phrasal verbs are composed of a verb and two particles: the first particle is normally an adverb, and the second a preposition. Like two-word phrasal verbs, three-word phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable:

I know it's been a long day, but do you feel up to playing tennis after dinner?

Jake always went in for fishing when he was a kid. It was nice to meet you, and I look forward to seeing you again.

I'm sorry I can't say yes about the motorcycle, but I have to go along with your mother's decision.

I've put up with these love handles long enough — next week I'm getting liposuction.

Mr. Baker tried to screw his ex-wife out of her share of the lottery prize.

You talk down to me like I'm some kind of idiot. Karen's nervous about the job interview.

She just wants to get it over with so she can stop worrying about it.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
feel up to	feel up to & feels up to	feeling up to	felt up to	feel up to

1. feel up to p.v. When you feel up to doing something, you have the confidence[S20] or energy to do it.

I'm sorry to cancel, but I just don't feel up to going dancing tonight.

The top of the mountain is only 1,000 feet away — do you feel up to it?

get over with
get over with & gets over with		getting over with	got over with	gotten over with

1. get... over with p.v. [always separated] When you want to get something over with, it is because it is something unpleasant that you want to finish so that you can stop worrying about it or dreading[S21] it.

Let's fix both cavities[S22] today, doctor; I just want to get it over with.

I think it's better to get the exam over with first period than to be nervous about it all day long.

go along with
go along with & goes along with		going along with	went along with	gone along with

1. go along with p.v. When you agree with people or agree with what they are saying, you go along with them.

I understand your concern[S23] , Linda, but I have to go along with Maria on this matter.

What's my opinion? I go along with Omar.

2. go along with p.v. When you obey[S24] a rule or follow a decision, you go along with it.

Mrs. Taylor wasn't happy about the committee's decision, but she went along with it anyway.

I don't care what the boss says — I'm not going along with any changes that will mean longer hours for less money.

Infinitive
present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
go in for
go in for & goes in for	going in for	went in for	gone in for

1. go in for p.v. When you go in for a certain activity, you like it and do it regularly.

Bryan really goes in for any kind of outdoor activity.

When I was a kid I went in for football, but I don't watch it much anymore.

look forward to
look forward to & looks forward to	looking forward to	looked forward to	looked forward to

1. look forward to p.v. When you look forward to something or look forward to

doing something, you are excited about something in the future because you enjoy it or because it will benefit you in some way.

It's been four years since my brother went overseas. I'm looking forward to seeing him again.

I look forward to an opportunity to meet with you in person.

put up with
put up with & puts up with	putting up with	put up with	put up with

1. put up with p.v. When you put up with something you do not like or are not happy about, you accept it and do not try to change it.

Her neighbors have loud parties every night, but she doesn't complain. She just puts up with it.

My husband said, "I've put up with your brother long enough!"

screw out of
screw out of & screws out of screwing out of	screwed out of	screwed out of

1. screw... out of p.v. [informal] When you get money or something valuable from people in a dishonest way, you screw them out of it.

That con man screwed me out of my life savings.

Their sleazy son-in-law screwed them out of thousands of dollars.

talk down to
talk down to & talks down to	talking down to	talked down to	talked down to

1. talk down to p.v. When you talk down to people, you use a tone of voice or an attitude that shows you think they are less intelligent, less educated, or from a lower level of society than you.

/ was furious about the way he talked down to me!

Bob hates Jane because of the way she talks down to him.

EXERCISE 3a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. Thanks for inviting me, but I don't ________ ________ ________ card games.

2. I couldn't ________ ________ ________ my husband's smoking any longer.

I told him to choose between cigarettes and me.

3. I'm sorry, but I think your plan is a big mistake, and I can't ________ ________

________it.

4. Even though Mr. Watson is the richest man in town, he never ________ ________

________ people.

5. It's been only two weeks since the tragedy. I'm sure they don't ________ ________

________ going to the party.

6. If that crook thinks he's going to ________ me ________ ________

500 bucks, he's crazy!

7. The whole family's going to be here for Thanksgiving, and Mom is really ________

________________it.

8. I volunteered to give my speech first just so I could ________ it ________

9. Even if you don't like the rules, you have to ________ ________ ________

them.

EXERCISE 3b — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. Jerry's brother-in-law talks to him like he's an idiot. How does Jerry's brother-in-law talk to Jerry?

2. Nicole can't work tomorrow, and she's nervous about telling her boss. What should Nicole do?

3. They paid $5,000 too much for their house because the salesman lied to them. What did the salesman do to them?

4. Sally's going to fly in an airplane for the first time, and she's very excited about it. How does Sally feel about flying in an airplane?

5. The winters in Minneapolis are terrible, but you can't move or change the weather. What do you have to do?

6. Erik just got out of the hospital, and he doesn't feel strong enough to go back to work. Why can't Erik go back to work?

7. I thought the new policy was an excellent idea, and I agreed with it 100 percent. How did I feel about the new policy?

EXERCISE 3c, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from Section 2. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review Section 2.

come off	fall for	hear about	stay off
doze off	give in	pull through	throw up

1. Miguel told me he didn't steal my TV, but I didn't________________ his lies.

2. Jim is really sick, and he stayed home from school today. He ________ ________

twice last night.

3. After a few weeks, the gold on this cheap jewelry starts to ________ ________.

4. He kept nagging and nagging, and I finally ________ ________.

5. If that cat doesn't learn to ________ ________ the table, it will have to go.

6. After Betty's temperature got up to 105 degrees, we started to think she might not

7. The meeting was so boring that I ________ ________.

8. I _______ ________ a country where people use big stones for money.

4. FOCUS ON: present and past continuous phrasal verbs

Like one-word verbs, phrasal verbs can normally be used in the continuous tense (also called the progressive tense) using the -ing form of the verb (also called the present participle) and a form of be:

The principal told me you'd been cheating on the test.

I've been going after my master's for nearly five years.

Which dictionary is he looking up the words in?

How will she be paying for her tuition bill?

The compass needle couldn't be pointing to the south.

We would be planning for a bigger crowd if the weather weren't so bad.

They should be wrapping the meeting up in a few minutes.

Thanks for all your help. I'm sorry for putting you to so much trouble.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
cheat on
	cheat on & cheats on	cheating on	cheated on	cheated on

1. cheat on p.v. When you cheat on your sexual partner, you have sex or a romantic relationship with another person.

Sarah filed for divorce after she caught George cheating on her. Can you believe it? She was cheating on me with my best friend!

2. cheat on p.v. When you do something dishonest so that you can do better on a test, you cheat on the test.

The teacher caught Ali cheating on the exam.

If I didn't cheat on the tests, I'd never pass any of my classes.

go after
	go after & goes after	going after	went after	gone after

1. go after p.v. When you chase and try to physically stop or to attack people, you go after them.

A policeman saw him stealing the car and went after him.

Captain Morgan was ordered to go after the enemy soldiers.

2. go after p.v. When law enforcement officials try to prosecute people through a legal procedure, they go after them.

Federal prosecutors are now going after the top drug dealers.

The senator introduced a bill designed to go after deadbeat dads.

3. go after p.v. When a business tries to increase its profits by trying to increase its market share or its number of customers, it goes after them.

The tobacco company denied going after the teenage market.

The CEO said he wanted to go after new customers in China.

4. go after p.v. When you go after something, you try to obtain it even though it may be difficult to do.

Sofia went after a degree in accounting.

Todd trained for a year before going after the record in the 100-yard dash.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
look up
	look up & looks up	looking up	looked up	looked up

1. look... up p.v. When you get information from a reference book, such as a word from a dictionary or a telephone number from a telephone book, you look the word or number up.

The teacher told the students to look the new words up in a dictionary.

I looked up his number, but it's not in the phone book.

2. look... up p.v. When you locate and visit people you have not seen for a long time, you look them up.

/ was in Dallas on business, and I looked up Dan Jones, my old college roommate.

If you're ever in Kempton, look me up.

3. look up p.v. When a situation is looking up or starting to look up, it is improving.

Business was pretty bad for a while, but things are starting to look up. I'm much happier than I was last year. Things are looking up.

pay for
	pay for & pays for	paying for	paid for	paid for

1. pay... for p.v. When you give someone money in exchange for something, you pay for it or pay someone for it.

Can I pay for this stuff with a credit card?

Alfonso paid the waiter for his dinner.

paid for part.adj. After you have paid for something, it is paid for. My car is old, but at least it's paid for.

2. pay for p.v. When you are punished for something, you pay for what you have done.
I caught the guy who's spreading these false rumors about me, and he paid for ruining my reputation. Young people think that drugs are harmless, but they'll pay for their foolishness someday.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
plan for
	plan for & plans for	planning for	planned for	planned for

1. plan for p.v. When you make preparations for something in the future, you plan for it.

The festival was a disaster because they didn't plan for such a huge crowd.

It's never to early too start planning for retirement.

point to
	point to & points to	pointing to	pointed to	pointed to

1. point to p.v. When you indicate people or things with your hand or a finger, you point to them. When an arrow or a sign indicates something, it points to it.

The waitress couldn't hear me, so I pointed to my empty glass and she understood. The prosecutor asked, "Can you point to the man you saw carrying the gun?"

2. point to p.v. When a situation or occurrence causes you to consider something else, it points to that thing.

These terrible test scores point to a need for some major changes in our educational system.

The fact that all the people with food poisoning ate tuna salad sandwiches pointed to contaminated mayonnaise as the source of the illness.

put to
	put to & puts to	putting to	put to	put to

1. put... to p.v. When you confront people with a difficult or thought-provoking question, accusation, or proposition, you put it to them.

He didn't want to tell me the truth, but I really put it to him, and he finally told me the whole story.

When Prof. Kline put his theory to me like that, I realized what he was talking about.

2 . put... to p.v. When you put people to trouble or put them to an expense, you cause them to do extra work or to spend money.

Thanks for helping me with my flat tire. I'm sorry to put you to so much trouble.

I know my father would pay my dental bill if I asked him, but I hate to put him to such an expense.

3. put ...to p.v. When you put part of your body or something in your hand to something, you touch or press it to something.

The neighbors were arguing again, so we put our ears to the wall to try to hear what they were saying.

When he put a gun to my head, I realized he wasn't joking.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
wrap up
	wrap up & wraps up	wrapping up	wrapped up	wrapped up

1. wrap... up p.v. When you enclose an object in some kind of paper, usually gift wrapping paper or packaging paper, you wrap it up.

/ have to wrap this gift up before I go to the party.

The movers wrapped up the china with newspapers.

wrapped up part.adj. After you enclose an object in some kind of paper, usually gift wrapping paper or packaging paper, it is wrapped up.

2. wrap... up p.v. When you conclude an event that has been happening for some time, you wrap it up. Wind up is similar to wrap up.

We wrapped up the meeting around 4:00 and went home.

The salesman blabbered for two hours before I finally told him to wrap it up.

EXERCISE 4a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. It's 12:30. Let's________this meeting________and goto lunch.

2. There was no way he could deny his guilt after the prosecutor ________ it _______ him.

3. The high crime rate ________ ________ a need for more police officers.

4. You'll _______ ________ what you did to me if it's the last thing I ever do!

5. The principal gave a zero to each of the students who ________ ________ the test.

6. I _______ my ear ________ the wall to try to hear what Sally was saying about me.

7. Mike is ________ the words ________ in the dictionary.

8. The police officers ________ ________ the robbers, but they didn't catch them.

9. Linda told Ned that she would divorce him if he ever ________ ________ her again.

10. Yes, it was quite a surprise — we didn't ________ ________ twins.

11. We saw an arrow________________the door at the end of the hallway.

12. After she won the silver medal, she ________ ________ the gold.

13. Most insurance companies won't ________ ________ plastic surgery.

14. I returned to my hometown for the first time in forty years and ________ ________ my first girlfriend.

15. The guy in the seafood store _________ the fish _________ in old newspapers.

16. The FBI is ________ ________ major drug smugglers.

17. These last six months have been difficult for Sally, but now things are starting to

18. The company started in California, but now it's ________ ________ customers all over the country.

19. You ________ me ________ a lot of trouble to help you move your piano, and you didn't even say thank you.

EXERCISE 4b — Write sentences using the objects in parentheses. Be sure to put the objects in the right place.

1. I was looking up in the dictionary, (a word, it) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

2. I was in Boston looking up. (some old army buddies, them) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

3. Dad's upstairs wrapping up. (Mom's birthday present, it) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

4. The committee is wrapping up. (their discussion, it) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________

EXERCISE 4c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs and participle adjectives from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. He showed me where the bathroom was with his finger. What did he do?

2. We're preparing for 300 wedding guests. What are we doing?

3. The situation is getting better. What is the situation doing?

4. The little boy ran away, and his father chased him and tried to catch him. What did the father do?

5. Sofia is going to try to break the record in the high jump. What is Sofia going to try to do?

6. Tom did a lot of work to get his guest bedroom ready for me when I visited him. What did I do to Tom?

7. I'm giving money to the cashier for the book I want to buy. What am I doing?

8. In Question 7, how would you describe the book after I give the money to the cashier?

9. The people in the meeting are concluding the meeting. What are they doing?

10. When Rosa was in New Orleans, she looked for and visited a childhood friend. What did Rosa do to her friend?

11. Jim asked you a really difficult question. What did Jim do to you?

12. Megan is trying to find Erik's telephone number in a telephone book. What is Megan doing?

13. Tom is married, but he slept with another woman. What did Tom do to his wife?

EXERCISE 4d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

come from, 2	figure out, 1	hear about, 2	pull through, 2
fall for, 2	give in, 1	look for, 1	show up, 1

1. I ______ ________ your mother on our first date, and we got married three months later.

2. Carmen's family ________ _________ Michoacan around twenty years ago.

3. Paul was supposed to meet us at 8:00, but he never ________ _________.

4. These instructions don't make any sense at all. I can't ________ them ________.

5. After Aunt Mary's stroke, her chances didn't look good, but she ________ _______

1. My daughter begged me to let her get her ears pierced, and I finally ________

7. My father was listening to the radio, and he said he ________ ________ a new car that runs on water.

2. I spent two hours _________ _________ the remote control before I found it.

5. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-word phrasal verbs

Nonseparable phrasal verbs

Intransitive nonseparable phrasal verbs (verbs that do not allow an object) are usually accented on the particle:

The barn got hit by lightning, and it burned DOWN.

Ned drank so much that he passed OUT on the bathroom floor.

Transitive nonseparable phrasal verbs (verbs that require an object) are usually accented on the verb:

Hank's been CHEATING on his wife for years.

I told the teacher my dog ate my homework, but she didn't FALL for it.

Separable phrasal verbs

Separable phrasal verbs (which are always transitive) are usually accented on the particle:

The British soldiers tried to burn DOWN the White House.

The teacher passed them OUT.

As the examples above show, a single phrasal verb can belong to more than one category depending on its meaning.

Infinitive
present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
break down
break down S breaks down	breaking down	broke down	broken down

1. breakdown p.v. When something mechanical breaks down, it does not function.

/ was late for work because my car broke down.

This photocopier is a piece of junk — it breaks down every day.

broken-down part.adj. When something is old, in bad condition, or not functioning properly, it is broken-down.

My car is a broken-down piece of junk.

breakdown n. A breakdown is a situation in which something mechanical has broken down.

After that last breakdown, I decided it was time for a new car.

2. breakdown p.v. When an arrangement, agreement, negotiation, plan, or marriage breaks down, one or more persons involved is not cooperating or participating because of a disagreement or problem.

After he started drinking heavily, their marriage started to break down.
The peace negotiations broke down because neither side was willing to compromise.

breakdown n. A situation in which an arrangement, agreement, negotiation, plan, or marriage has broken down is a breakdown.

Neither side would give an inch, and there was a breakdown in the negotiations.

3. breakdown p.v. When you break down, you lose self-control and become emotionally or mentally confused.

When the judge sentenced Jones to life in prison, he broke down and begged for mercy.
Tom breaks down whenever he thinks of the tragedy.

breakdown n. A situation in which someone has broken down and is very upset or confused is a breakdown.

Marvin had a complete mental breakdown and started to see invisible people.

4. break down p.v. When something decomposes or reduces to its smallest parts or is reduced by someone to its smallest parts, it breaks down.

After the poison breaks down, it's quite harmless.

Anticoagulant drugs are used to break down blood clots.

5. break... down p.v. When you reduce a process, situation, problem, plan, or idea to its basic parts to make it easier to understand, you break it down.

The professor's plan seemed really complicated, but after he broke it down for us, we understood it a little better.

If you break the manufacturing process down into steps, it's easier to train new workers.

6. break ... down p.v. When you use force to go through a door that is locked, you break it down.

The police broke the door down and arrested the bank robbers.

A door had to be broken down to rescue the people trapped by the fire.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
burn down
	burn down & burns down	burning down	burned down	burned down

1. burn ... down p.v. When a building or other structure burns down or someone burns it down, it is completely destroyed by fire.

Though most of Chicago burned down in 1871, a few buildings survived.

The owner was arrested for deliberately burning his factory down.

call in
	call in & calls in	calling in	called in	called in

1. call in p.v. When you call your place of employment to say you cannot work that day because you are sick, you call in or call in sick.

The manager was angry when her secretary called in three days in a row.

Calling in sick too often is a good way to get fired.

2 . call... in p.v. When you request the help of people or of an organization with more experience, power, or knowledge to help with a problem or difficult project, you call them in.

When the local police couldn't handle the riot, the National Guard was called in.
The local police chief considered calling the FBI in to help solve the crime.

find out
	find out & finds out	finding out	found out	found out

1. find ... out p.v. [not usually separated — the object can be a noun, a noun clause, or a complete sentence] When you find out information or a fact, you learn or become aware of that information or fact.

If you don't know when the movie starts, look in the newspaper to find out.

I met a nice man at the party, but I never found out his name.

I met a nice man at the party, but I never found out what his name was.

I was surprised when I found out that he can speak fourteen languages.

I was surprised when I found out he can speak fourteen languages.

I tried to get the information, but I couldn't find it out.

hand back
	hand back & hands back	handing back	handed back	handed back

1. hand... back (to) p.v. When you return things to people by holding them in your hand and extending your arm, you hand them back or hand them back to them.

The teacher will hand the tests back in third period.
The guard handed my ID card back to me.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
look at
	look at & looks at	looking at	looked at	looked at

1. look at p.v. When you focus your eyes on people or things, you look at them.

/ looked at her and told her I loved her.
Look at me when I talk to you!

2. look at p.v. When you examine something or a situation and decide what to do about it, you look at it.

The mechanic looked at my car but couldn't find anything wrong with it.
Your finger might be broken; you should have Dr. Smith look at it.

3. look at p.v. When you think a certain way or have an opinion about something, that is the way you look at it.

The way I look at it, Congress is to blame for this mess, not the President.
What should be done about this situation depends on how you look at it.

4. look at p.v. [informal — always continuous] When you say that people are looking at an amount of money or a length of time, you mean that this is how much they think something will cost or how long something will take.

That was a serious injury. You're looking at months and months of physical therapy.
Putting a new roof on this house isn't going to be cheap. You're looking at at least $15,000.

pile up
	pile up & piles up	piling up	piled up	piled up

1. pile... up p.v. When things increase in number and start to form a pile, they pile up. When people add things to a pile, they pile them up.

The snow piled up so high that I couldn't open my door. In the fall we pile the dead leaves up in the driveway and burn them.

piled up part.adj. When things are in a pile, they are piled up.

A lot of dirty laundry is piled up in the basement.

2. pile up p.v. When work or something else that must be done increases faster than you can do it, it piles up.

I'm really worried about money. My bills are piling up faster than I can pay them.
My work really piled up white I was on vacation.

setup
	set up & sets up	setting up	set up	set up

1. set... up p.v. When you arrange the parts of something so that they are in their proper position and can function, you set it up.

The kids got a swing set for Christmas, and Dad had to set it up in the snow.

When you're camping, be sure to set your tent up before it gets dark.

set up part.adj. After the parts of something are in their proper position and function properly, they are set up.

The party is starting in one hour. Are the tables set up?

setup n. A collection or arrangement of parts or equipment necessary for a certain procedure or task is a setup.

The nurse prepared setups for the hospital emergency room.

2 . set... up p.v. When you plan and organize an activity or project, you set it up.

I set up a 4:00 meeting with Jones and his lawyer.
Setting up a meeting of all fifty governors took a lot of planning.

set up part.adj. When an activity or project is planned, arranged, or organized, it is set up.

The arrangements for the wedding were very complicated, but everything is set up now.

setup n. How an activity or project is planned or arranged is the setup. What's the setup for the Fourth of July picnic?

3 . set... up p.v. [informal] When you commit a crime but make it appear that another, innocent person is guilty of the crime, you set the innocent person up.

Joe robbed the bank and tried to set me up by leaving some of the stolen money in my apartment and then telling the police about it. The detective didn't believe me when I told him I was set up.

setup n. [informal] An attempt by someone to make it appear that an innocent person is guilty of a crime is a setup.

/ told the detective it was a setup and that I could prove I had been at the racetrack when the bank was robbed.

EXERCISE 5a — Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense.

1. When he heard that his brother had been killed, he ________ ________ and cried.

2. We're expecting company. Can you ________________ the card table in the dining room?

3. Can you help wash the dishes, please? They're really beginning to ________ ________.

4. I gave the cashier my credit card, and then she ________ it ________ to me.

5. I don't know the answer, but I'll try to ________ ________.

6. We were very busy at work today. Two people ________ ________ sick.

7. Raul _______ ________ his watch and told me he had to leave.

8. My car is a real piece of junk. It ________ ________ at least once a week.

9. I'm a little confused about your theory. Would you mind ________ it ________ for me?

10. I'll tell the judge that I'm innocent and that Ned Kelly________me________.

11. Hey, any way you ________ ________ it, one thing's for sure — we have to get more crooks off the streets and into the jails.

12. This is the FBI — open the door or we'll ________ it ________!

13. Maybe I can fix your computer. I'll________________it after dinner.

14. The family doctor has never seen a case of malaria before, so he is ________ _______ a specialist.

'15. Some chemical compounds start to ________ ________ after only a few hours.

16. The arsonist tried to ________ ________ several houses in the neighborhood.

17. The secretary is ________ ________ a meeting.

18. The civil war started again after the peace talks ________ ________.

19. Jim buys a newspaper every day, but he never puts it in the garbage when he is finished. Newspapers are slowly ________ ________ in his basement.

20. The mechanic said, "To fix a car after an accident that bad, I'd say you're ________ _______ at least $4,000."

EXERCISE 5b — Review the explanation at the beginning of this section of how two-word phrasal verbs are pronounced. Then, say each sentence in Exercise 5a aloud and circle the verb or particle that is accented.

Дата добавления: 2019-02-12; просмотров: 280; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!

Поделиться с друзьями:

⇐ Предыдущая 1 234 5 6 7 8 9 10 Следующая ⇒

Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!