Basis of the Radiotherapy of the Cancer and not malignant disease
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FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIATION PHYSICS AND RADIOACTIVITY.IONIZING RADIATION MEASUREMENT AND DOSES, UNIT OF RADIOACTIVITY .DOSE AND LIMITATION OF RADIATION EXPOSURES. RADIOBIOLOGY AND RADIATION RISKS . INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH THE MATTER AND EFFECT ON THE HUMANS, NORMAL AND MALIGNANT CELLS.
1. What is the Alfa emission?
a. *The emission of a helium nucleus
b. The emission of hydrogen nucleus
c. The emission of the carbon nucleus
d. The emission of protons
e. The emission of neutrons.
2. What is the beta decay?
a. *The emission of electrons
b. The emission a helium nucleus
c. The emission of the carbon nucleus
d. The emission of protons
e. Electromagnetic radiation
3. What is Gamma ray:
a. Electromagnetic radiation
b. The emission a helium nucleus
c The emission a carbon nucleus
d. The emission of protons
e. The emission of neutron
4. Penetration of Alfa emission into the soft tissue is :
a. *10 mkm
b. 1 m
c. 10 cm
d. 10 mm
e. 10 m.
5. Penetration of beta emission into the soft tissue is
a. *10 mm
b. 1 m
c. 10 cm
d. 10 m
e. 10 mkm
6. Which type of radioactive decay positrons is processed?
a. * Beta decay
b. Alfa decay
c. Gamma ray
d. Nuclear synthesis
7. What type of radioactive decay produced maximum of biological effects
a.* Alfa decay
b. Beta decay
c. Gamma ray
d. Neutron emission
8. What type of the radioactive emission appear maximum penetration distance?
a.*Neutrons
b. Beta decay
c. Alfa decay
9. Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau. What is the true answer?
a. *The radiosensitivity is directly proportional to mitotic activity and inverse proportional to the degree of functional and morphological
differentiation.
b. The radiosensitivity is inverse proportional to the mitotic activity and degree of morphological differentiation
c. The radiosensitivity is directly proportional to the to mitotic activity and degree of morphological differentiation
d. The radiosensitiviry is inverse proportional mitotic activity and directly proportional of morphological differentiation
e. The radiosensitivity is not depended from mitotic activity and morphological differentiation.
10. The radiosensitivity of the cells are consequent diminished which consequence is true
a. * Haematopoetic stem cells ,sprematogonia, neuroblasts
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b. . Myocites
c. Connective tissue, parenchymatous organs
d. Bone cells
11. The biological effects of ionizing radiation on humans in which severity of an effect depends on the radiation dose and occurs once the threshold has been classify as:
a. *Deterministic ( not stochastic) effects
b. Stochastic effects
c. Teratogenic effects
d. Mutagenesis
12. The biological effects of ionizing radiation on humans in which the severity of radiation-induced effects is independent of radiation dose and affects the probability of effects occurring is classify as:
a. * Stochastic effects
b. Deterministic ( not stochastic) effects
13. What is the unit of radiation exposure dose?
a. * Culon/kg/sec ( Cu/kg/s)
b. Sieverts /year (Sv/y)
c. Besquerels/metrs(Bq/m)
d. Gray /sec (Gy/s)
e. Curie/hour ( Ci/h)
14. .What types of ionizing radiation are measurement by radiation exposure dose?
a. * X-Ray, Gamma Ray
b. Alfa, beta decay
c. Alfa, beta, neutrons emission
d. All above mentioned
15. What is the unit of effective dose of ionizing radiation?
a. *Sieverts ( Sv)
b. Besguerels( Bq)
c. Gray ( Gy)
d. RAD
e. Roentgen ( Ro)
f. Curie ( Ci)
16. What is the unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation
a. * Gray ( Gy)
b. Sieverts ( Sv)
c. Besquerels ( Bq)
d. Roentgen ( Ro)
e. Curie ( Ci)
17. What is the unit of radioactivity?
a. *Besquerels (Bq)
b. Sieverts
c. Roentgen ( Ro)
d. Culon/ kg ( Cu/kg)
e. Gray/sec ( Gy/s)
18. What are the methods is most accurate for measurement of the human dose of radiation?
a. *Physical
b. Chemical
c. Clinical
d. Biological
e. Mathematics
19. Which category belong employers, who is professional working with sores of ionizing radiation?
a. * A
b. B
c. C
20. Which category belong the employers who is not work directly with sores of ionizing radiation, but can get additional radiation dose due to close contact with the place of sores?
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a. A
b. * B
c. C
21. Which category of Ukrainian radiation regulation belong population
a. A
b. B
c. *C
d.
22. Limit of the effective dose radiation for the workers of category A ( according the Ukrainian regulation – NRBU ) is
a. * 20 mSv
b. 1 mSv
c. 2 mSv
d. 5 mSv
e. 50 mSv
23. Limit of the effective dose radiation for the workers of category B ( according the Ukranian regulation – NRBU) is:
a. * 2 mSv
b. 1 mSv
c. 5 mSv
d. 20 mSv
e. 50 mSv
24. Limit of the effective dose radiation for the persons of category C is:
a. * 1 mSv
b. 2 mSv
c. 5 mSv
d. 20 mSv
e. 50 mSv
25. What is the necessary protection for the personal who is woks with closed source of Gamma-Ray and another source?
a. *Limit of the table time, increase distance source-person, protective screen
b. Hermetic regime of the control room and ventilation
c. Personal respirator
d. Cleaning of the surfaces from the radioactive pollution
26. Patient, female 30 y/o (account worker occupation) was admitted to the medical word with diagnosis Duodenal ulcer. She needs Barium meal examination. What is the limit of effective dose for her, according with the Ukrainian ionizing regulation standard ( NRBU)?
a. * Not more than 20 mSv
b. 1 mSv
c. 2 mSv
d. 150 mSv
e. 500 m Sv
27. Classify radiation workers, who is works with source and following all methods of personal protection ( protection by the time, distances and screen) has limit of the effective dose of radiation:
a. * 20 mSv
b. 1 mSv
c. 2 mSv
d. 150 mSv
e. 500 mSv.
Basis of the Radiotherapy of the Cancer and not malignant disease
1. What is the indication for the radiotherapy:
a. * Cancer
b. Benign tumor
c. Cachectic condition
d. Anaemia
2. What is the contra indication for the radiotherapy
a. *Cachectic condition
b. Neurodermitis
c. Arachnoiditis
d. Thyreotoxicosis
3. What is the principles of radiotherapy for the treatment of patient with not malignant disease
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a. * Direct influence on the pathological organ
b. Using radiotherapy in time
c. Choice the most effective methods of irradiation
4. Which method of the radiotherapy is not belong to external beam radiotherapy(EBRT):
a. * Intracavitary radiotherapy
b. Electrontherapy
c. * External beam ( distant) Gamma therapy
5. Radical program of radiotherapy is meaning
a. *Complete patient treatment
b. Reduce pain symptom
c. Temporally delay of the malignant growth progress
6. The target of the preoperative radiotherapy is:
a. * Tumor dawn staging
b. Disintegration of the regional metastasis
c. Prevention of the implantation metastasis
7. To calculate Total Focal Dose ( TFD) usually consider:
a. *Pathohystology and size of the tumor mass
b. Condition of the source of ionizing radiation
c. Phsyhoemotion condition of the patient
8. What is the program of radiotherapy for treatment of patient with diagnosis Cervix Cancer II stage?
a. * Radical radiotherapy
b. Symptomatic radiotherapy
c. Palliative radiotherapy
9. United radiotherapy is consider:
a. * External beam and intracavitary radiotherapy
b. Radiotherapy with surgical intervention
c. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy ,hormonotherapy
10. Upper limit of the Total Focal Dose depended of:
a. * Surrounding tissue tolerance
b. Phsychoemotion condition of the patient.
c. Tumor radiosensitivity
11. Total focus dose for the epithelial tumor cells decay is:
a. * 50 -70 Gy
b. 80-90 Cy
c. 70-80 Gy
d. 100-120 Gy
12. Which pathological blood disorders are not characteristically for the post radiation syndrome?
a. * Erythrocytopenia
b. Leukopenia
c. Lymphopenia
d. Thrombocytopenia
13. What is the interval time for early radiation reaction development
a. *After 3 month
b. After 2 month
c. After 1 month
14. What is the skin tolerant dose for X-Ray exposure
a. * 30 Cy
b. 25 Gy
c. 55 Gy
15. Which effect is considered for the non-malignant disease treatment ?
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a. *Antiinflammatory
b. Necrosis
c. Sclerosis
16. The radiation period of the radiotherapy curse is consist of :
a. A*Direct radiation of the patient
b. Optimal rhythm of radiation choose
c. Contraindication fot radiotherapy excluding
17. Preradiation period for the radiotherapy is consist of:
a. *Topo-anatomic location of the tumor, planning the Total focal dose and Single focal dose
b. Using additional non-radiation methods of treatement
c. Patient’s follow up
18. Linear energy transfer( LET) is detected:
a. Field of dose
b. * Isodose curvatures
c. Focal dose
19. Radiotherapeutic interval is meaning interval between:
a. *Radiosensitivity of the tumor and normal surrounded tissue
b. Patient and ionizing radiation source
20. The radiosensitive tumor is:
a. *Lymphosarcoma
b. Squamous cells carcinoma
c. Adenocarcinoma
d. Neurofibrosarcoma
21. The intermediate radiosensitive tumor is:
a. *Squamous cells carcinoma
b. Lymphosarcoma
c. Adenocarcinoma
22. On the radiotherapy cancer treatment coarse radiotherapeut-- usually consider :
a. * Increase the radiotherapy interval
b. Decrease the radiotherapy interval
23. Isodose curvatures- it is lines, which joined the multiple points with equals unit of::
a. *Absorbed dose
b. Radiation exposure dose
c. Linear energy transfer
24. Post radiation course period is consider:
a. *Patients observation
b. Detail patient examination
c. Using additional not radiologic methods of treatment
25. The target of radiation period of course of radiotherapy is:
a. *Kerry out of the radiotherapy
b. Contra indication to the radiotherapy evaluation
c. Choose the optimal rhythm of radiation
26. The target of the preradiation coarse of radiotherapy consider:
a. * Definition of the number and size of the skin fields and technique
Of irradiation.
b. Using additional not radiation methods of treatment
c. Patient observation
27. On the planning of radiotherapy for the patient, multiple specialists are participated:
a. * Oncologist
b. Radiologist
c. District Physician
28. What is the skin tolerance dose for the Gamma therapy by small fractions
a. * 55 Gy
b. 30 Gy
c. 25 Gy
29. Which period of time is characteristically for the late radiation lesions appearing?
a. * after 6-12month
b. After 4-6 month
c. After 1-3 month
30. Single dose of radiotherapy is performing in case of:
a. * pre and sub operation irradiation
b. In advanced cases with palliative influence
c. rise the tolerance of the normal tissue
31. For adenocarcinoma radiotherapy tumor decay Total focal dose is:
a. * 70 – 80 Gy
b. 80-90 Gy
c. 100 – 120 Gy
d. 50 – 70 Gy
32. The lower limit of the total focal dose is defined by:
a. *Tumor radio sensitivity
b. Phsychoemotion condition of the patient
c. Normal surrounded tissue tolerance
33. Combined radiotherapy included :
a. * Radiotherapy and surgical intervention
b. Radiotherapy and chemohormonotherapy.
c. External beam and intracavitary radiotherapy
34. What type of radiotherapy should be used for the treatment patient with Face furuncle?
a. * X-Ray therapy
b. Gamma Therapy
c. Radiotherapy is not indicated.
35. For calculation of the total focal dose oncologist consider:
a. * Normal surrounding tissue tolerance
b. Source of ionizing radiation condition
c. Pshycoemotion condition of the patient
36. The target of the sub operation radiotherapy is:
a. *Implantation metastasis prevention
b. Relapse prophylactic and disintegration of the regional and distant metastasis
c. Tumor down staging
37. The Brachytherapy is participated with
a. *Intratissue method
b. Neutrons therapy
c. X-Ray therapy
38. What is the principles for radiotherapy cancer treatment
a. *Choose the most effective method of radiotherapy and direct influence on the pathological focus.
b. Absent of the positive dynamic from the previous treatment
39. Contra indication for the radiotherapy of the non-malignant disease treatment.
a. * Radiotherapy should not be used for treatment of child and teenager
b. Irradiation of the regional lymph nodes
40. What is the indication for the radiotherapy
a. *Furuncle
b. Pneumonia
c. IV stage of cancer
d. Anemia
41. Total focal dose for connective tissue sarcoma disintegration is
a. * 80-90 Gy
b. 100 – 120 Gy
c. 70-80 Gy
d. 50 – 70 Gy
42. For minimizing of the radiation skin lesion , port of the irradiation should be covered with
a. *Aloe emulsion
b. Lassar cream
c. Zink cream
43. Split course of radiotherapy usually performing for
a. *Increased tolerance for the normal tissue
b. In advance cases with palliative using
c. Pre and sub operational irradiation
44. Skin tolerant dose for X-ray and Gamma Ray is:
a. *X-Ray is less than Gamma –Ray
b. X-Ray is more than Gamma –Ray
c. No different
45.
46.
47.
48. . Post radiation period of radiotherapy course is considered:
a. *Evaluation of the treatment effectiveness
b. Detail patient examination
c. Using additional not radiation methods for treatment
49. Raised energy of ionizing radiation is changed radiation skin dose:
a. * Skin dose is decreased
b. Skin dose is increased
c. Not changed
50. Factor, increased radiation cells damage is:
a. * Radiosensibilizer
b. Radio protecton
51. Intermittent radio resistant tumor is
a. * Adenocarcinoma
b. Squamous call carcinoma
c. Lymphosarcoma
d. Neurofibrosarcoma
52. What is the indication for radiotherapy:
a. * Arthrosis
b. Trombocytopenia
c. Cancer cachexia
d. Tumor decay
53. What is the contra indication for the radiotherapy
a. * Radiation syndrome or radiation lesion in the past history
b. Multiple sclerosis
c. Anastomositis
d. Osteochondrosis
54. What is the principle of radiotherapy for cancer treatment
a. * Start of the radiotherapy as early as possible
b. Radiotherapy is the method of choosing
c. Excluding of a probability of the somatic lesions
55. External beam radiotherapy is not participated: with :
a. * Radio surgical methods
b. Proton therapy
c. Therapy of radiation of high energy
56. Palliative program of radiotherapy id consider:
a. *Temporally delay of the tumor progressing
b. Complete patient’s treatment
c. Reduction of the pain syndrome
57.
58. What type of radiotherapy should be used for the treatment 11 y/o patient with osteomyelitis
a. *Radiotherapy is not indicated
b. X-ray therapy
c. Gamma therapy
59. What is the program should be used for the treatment of inoperable patient with cancer?
a. * Palliative
b. Symptomatic
c. Radical
60. On calculation of the upper limit of total focal dose usually is not considered
a. *Psycho emotional patient’s condition
b. Normal surrounding tissue tolerance
c. Tumor radio sensitivity
61. Complex radiotherapy is participated with:
a. *Radiotherapy, chemohormonotherapy
b. Radiotherapy and surgical intervention
c. External beam and intracavitary radiotherapy
62.
63. What type of Radiotherapy should be used for 40y/o patient with cervical cancer
a. * Gamma therapy
b. X-Ray therapy
c. Radiotherapy is not indicated
64. Optimal dose for the tumor disintegration is
a. * 60-120 Gy
b. 60-90 Gy
c. 30-60 Gy
65. The aim of the postsurgical irradiation is:
a. * Relapse prophylactic, regional and distant metastasis disintegration
b. Prevention of the development of implantation metastasis
c. Tumor down stage
66. Symptomatic coarse of radiotherapy is consider:
a. * Reduce of pain syndrome
b. Complete patient’s treatment
c. Temporally delay of the tumor progress
67. What is the principle of radiotherapy is necessary to provide for the cancer patient’s treatment?
a. *Radiotherapy of the tumor mass and regional lymphnodes simultaneiously
b. Radiotherapy for the tumor mass
c. Radiotherapy for the regional lymphnodes
68. What is the principle of the radiotherapy for the patients with non-malignant disease?
a. *Radiotherapy is method of choose
b. Radiotherapy should be radical
69. What is the contra indication of the radiotherapy:
a. * leucopenia less than 3x 10/9/L
b. Hydradenitis
c. Bursitis
d. Causalgia
70. On the planning of radiotherapy for the patient, multiple specialists are participated:
a. *Chemoterapeut
b. Radiologist
c. District physician
71. What is the min effect of the radiotherapy for treatment non –malignant category of the patients :
a. *Analgesic effect
b. Necrosis
c. Hyalinosis, sclerosis
72.
73. What is the post radiation coarse of the treatment expected:
a. *Medical follow up
b. Detail patient’s examinations
74. Which phase the cells reproduction period are most sensitive to radiation:
a. *Mitosis
b. Synthesis
c. Presyntesis
d. Anaphase
75. Which factor is not change the radiosensivivity of the body cells
a. *Pschycoemotional condition of the patient
b. Radiomodificators
c. Oxygen influence
76. Which tumor is radioresistant?
a. *Neurofibrosarcoma
b. Squamous cells carcinoma
c. Adenocarcinoma
d. Lymphosarcoma
77. For osteogenic sarcomas disintegration total focus dose is necessary:
a. *100-120 GY
b. 80-90 Gy
c. 70-80 Gy
d. 50-70
78. Persistant radiotherapy is performing:
a. *Incorporate method
b. External beam radiotherapy
c. X-Ray therapy
79. Radiation lesion of different organs and systems in common radiation reaction is usually recovered in:
a. * 3-8 month time
b. 6-12 month time
c. 1-3nmonth time.
80. .What is characteristically signs for the radiation injury body tissue :
a. *Not healing of a long time
b. No need for the special treatment
c. All changes are reversable
R A D I O T H E R A P Y
X-Ray Therapy
All true answers in mark a
1. Bukki – Ray is belong to:
a. * X-Ray
b. Beta emission
c. Gamma –Ray
2. Indication for the short-distance X-Ray therapy:
a. *Cancer of the skin I – II stage
b. Cancer of the pharynx
c. Cancer of the skin III – IV stage
3. What is the source-skin distance measurement is using on the superficial X-Ray therapy ( RUM 17 X-Ray machine)
a. * 30 cm
b. 40 cm
c. 50 cm
4. Is it possible to use X-Ray therapy in ontological patients for the treatment of the not-malignant disease?
a. *Yes
b. No
5. What type of the filter is using for intermediate ( semi deep) X-Ray therapy:
a. *0,5 mm Cu + 3mm Al
b. 1mm Cu + 5mm Al
c. 3mm Al
6. How is X-Ray therapy using for the surgical infection group of patients treatment?
a. * Independent X-Ray therapy
b. Preoperative X-Ray therapy
c. Post operative X-ray therapy
d. All of above mentioned
7.
8. In which condition “soft” – long-wave X-Ray is using?
a. * Streptococcus pyogenic skin infection (erysipeloid)
b. Paraproctitis
c. Osteomyelitis
9. Total Focal Dose on the degenerative-dystrophic disease treatment is calculated:
a. *3-5 Gy
b. 0,3-0,6 Gy
c. 7-10 Gy
10. The source of R-Ray is :
a. * X-Ray machine
b. Co -60
c. Betatrone
11. What type of the filter is usually using in the X-Ray therapy machine:
a. * Al
b. Co
c. Fe
12. Is it necessary to terminated radiotherapy for the non-malignant disease treatment in case of the actuation of disease after first session of radiotherapy
a. *No
b. Yes
13. What is the source-skin distance on intermediate type (semi deep) of X-Ray therapy?
a. * 40 cm
b. 50 cm
c. 30 cm
14. On X-Ray therapy maximum ionization is located in:
a. * On the skin surface
b. In the 0,5 cm deepness
c. In the 1,5 cm deepness
15. What is the interval time for perform second course of radiotherapy for the non-malignant disease treatment?
a. * 8-10 month
b. Not less than 3 month
c. 1-2 month
d. No limitation
16. What is the filter type is use on deep far distance X-Ray therapy
a. * 1mm Cu + 5mm Al
b. 0,5 mm Cu + 3mm Al
c. 3mm Al
17. What type of X-Ray is not deep penetrated and affected superficial tissue?
a. * Soft ( long waves)
b. Hard ( Short waves)
18. What is the Total Focal Dose measurement for the treatment of the chronic inflammatory disease?
a. * 2,5-3 Gy
b. 0,3-0,6 Gy
c. 7-10 Gy
19. What is the field for X-Ray therapy for the treatment of Cancer of the lower lip I –II stage
a. * Include primary focus and 1-2 cm of normal surrounding tissue
b. Include primary focus and less than 1 cm of the normal tissue
c. Include only primary focus
d. Include primary focus and 3 cm of the normal tissue.
20. What is nature of the X-Ray
a. *Photon
b. Corpuscular
21. What is the penetration ability of the Bukki Ray?
a. * 1,5 mm
b. 2,5 cm
c. 2 cm
d. 3 cm
e. 1 cm
22. What is the rhythm of the radiotherapy session for the acute inflammatory process in infiltrative stage treatment:
a. * Daily irradiation
b. Irradiation with 2 days interval
c. Irradiation with 3 days interval
23. Which spectr of X-Ray beam more common using in the radiotherapy?
a. * Hard
b. Soft
24. Which filter is usually using for superficial distant X-Ray therapy :
a. * 3mm Al
b. 1mm Cu + 5mm Al
c. 0,5 mm Cu + 3mm Al
25. What is the source-skin distance measurement for the fare distant X-Ray Therapy?
a. * 50cm
b. 40cm
c. 30 cm
26. What is the aim of the X-Ray therapy osteomyelitis treatment:
a. *All down mentioned
b. Limited of the necrotic focus
c. Reduce of the perifocal inflammation
27. Distant X-Ray therapy is classify according with the depth of the pathological focus:
a. * All mentioned
b. Superficial
c. Intermediate
d. Deep
28. What types of the filters are using in X-Ray therapy:
a. * Cu
b. Co
c. Fe
29. What is the Total focal dose for the acute inflammation radiotherapy
a. *2,5-3 Gy
b. 0,3-0,6 Gy
c. 7-10 Gy
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