Прошедшее простое (неопределенное) время
The Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense
Образование. The Past Simple ( Indefinite ) Tense правильных глаголов образуется путем прибавления во всех лицах окончания - ed к форме инфинитива: to live – I lived ; to work – I worked.
The Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense неправильных глаголов образуется различными другими способами: to begin — I began; to sell — I sold; to lose — I lost.
Вопросительная форма как правильных, так и неправильных глаголов образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени (did) и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола (без to), причем вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим: Did I work? Did he work? Did I speak? Did he speak?
Отрицательная форма как правильных, так и неправильных глаголов образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в прошедшем времени (did), частицы not и формы инфинитива смыслового глагола, причем not ставится после вспомогательного глагола: I did not work , he did not work . I did not speak, he did not speak.
Употребление the Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense.
a) Действия в прошлом, которые происходили одно за другим.
He came home, had his dinner and went to bed at once.
| Он пришел домой, поужинал и сразу лег спать.
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b) Законченное действие или событие, которое произошло в установленное время в прошлом. Индикаторами времени могут быть слова yesterday вчера, last week на прошлой неделе, an hour ago час тому назад, the other day на днях, on Monday в понедельник, in 1998 в 1998 году, during the war во время войны и т. п. Время действия может быть выражено глаголом в придаточном предложении.
I went to Germany two years ago.
I took English courses when I was twelve.
| Я ездил в Германию два года назад.
Я ходил на курсы английского, когда мне было 12 лет.
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c) Прошлая привычка или состояние.
Last winter I spent a lot of time in the library.
| Прошлой зимой я проводил много времени в библиотеке.
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Примечание. Для выражения повторявшегося прошедшего действия часто употребляется также сочетание used с инфинитивом с частицей to, которое переводится на русский язык прошедшим временем несовершенного вида, часто с наречием обычно. Used также иногда переводится посредством имел обыкновение.
John used to ride bicycle when he lived in London.
| Джон катался (имел обыкновение кататься) на велосипеде когда жил в Лондоне (сейчас не катается.)
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EXERCISES
Exercise 1.
| Write the Past Simple of the verbs then read them out.
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answer
| collect
| dance
| hate
| live
| refer
| smile
| travel
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arrive
| collect
| decorate
| hurry
| look
| repair
| start
| try
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break
| cook
| destroy
| iron
| offer
| rob
| stay
| visit
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carry
| correct
| dress
| jump
| play
| seem
| stop
| walk
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change
| cry
| empty
| land
| pray
| slip
| study
| watch
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clean
| cry
| fry
| like
| prefer
| smash
| suggest
| water
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Exercise 2.
| Write the Past Simple of the verbs. Check irregular Past Participles, and learn the ones that you don't know.
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become
| buy
| dream
| fit
| hold
| lie
| ride
| sit
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begin
| catch
| drink
| forget
| keep
| make
| ring
| speak
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bite
| come
| eat
| get
| know
| mean
| say
| spend
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blow
| cost
| eat
| give
| learn
| pay
| sell
| stand
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break
| deal
| fall
| grow
| leave
| put
| shut
| strike
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bring
| draw
| find
| hear
| let
| read
| sing
| think
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Exercise 3.
| Give the correct form of the Past Simple of each verb and show whether you would pronounce these past forms as /d/, /t/ or /Id/.
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Model:
| We waited (wait)an hour yesterday. /Id/
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1.
| Barbara ____ (clean) her room at the weekend. / /
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2.
| I ____ (play) badminton last night. / /
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3.
| Bernard ____ (write) me a letter yesterday. / /
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4.
| I ____ (smile) at her. / /
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5.
| Caroline ____ (stop) when she saw me. / /
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6.
| I ____ (dream) of you last night. / /
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7.
| Who ____ (cook) the cakes? / /
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8.
| He ____ (cry) a lot as a baby. / /
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9.
| Sue ____ (watch) TV all evening. / /
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10.
| We ____ (laugh) when we heard the joke. / /
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Exercise 4.
| Put the Past Simple verbs into the story.
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1-6:
| come
| hear
| open
| say
| not see
| stand
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7-10:
| give
| hold
| not read
| take
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11-15:
| run
| say
| not speak
| turn
| write
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He 1.____ outside her door for a long time. Then he 2.____ her footsteps inside the house. She 3.____ the door and 4.____ out. At first she 5.____ him, but then she 6.____ “Oh, hello, Harold.” He 7.____ a paper out of his pocket and 8.____ it to her. She 9.____ it in one hand, but 10.____ it. “Listen,” he 11.____ . She 12.____ “I 13.____ you this letter because” – She 14.____ back into the house. He 15.____. and walked slowly down the street.
Exercise 5.
| Make the Past Simple negative sentences.
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Model:
| Tom played hockey, (football)he didn’t play football.
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1.
| Jude and Berth spoke French at the party, (Chinese)
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2.
| My grandfather taught philosophy, (Spanish)
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3.
| Kyle cooked the meat, (the fish)
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4.
| I took my girlfriend to the mountains, (my sister)
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5.
| I told my mother everything, (the police)
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6.
| I phoned to my father, (my mother)
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7.
| Matthew liked the party, (the music)
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8.
| Simon knew her address, (phone number)
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Exercise 6.
| You are asking somebody questions. Start with Did … ?
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Model:
| You enjoyed the food, but (the music) did you enjoy the music?
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1.
| You listened to the story, but (remember it) __?
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2.
| Dan didn't tell it to Andy, but (the others) __?
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3.
| Thomas liked the book, but (the film) __?
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4.
| He played hockey, but (well) __?
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5.
| You gave them some help, but (any money) __?
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Exercise 7.
| Ask the Past Simple questions with what, who, where, when, why.
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Model:
| Peter saw somebody. Who did Peter see?
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1.
| John went somewhere.
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2.
| Bill bought something.
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3.
| Alice married somebody.
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4.
| Mary broke something.
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5.
| Mike stayed somewhere.
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6.
| “I phoned somebody.”
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7.
| Dave and Kevin played in the yard yesterday.
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8.
| “Something broke the window.”
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9.
| “I broke something.”
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10.
| Tom didn’t come to the English class yesterday.
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Exercise 8.
| Some of these sentences are wrong. Correct the mistakes where necessary.
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1.
| Did you hada nice weekend in Paris?
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2.
| She was first in maths at school.
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3.
| I keep a dog when I was five years old.
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4.
| Garry finishes his work early yesterday.
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5.
| We meeted last Sunday as usual.
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6.
| We hurryed to the station.
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7.
| You lied to me!
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8.
| The child who was sitting at the knees of its mum started to cry.
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9.
| A monster has attacked Dan while he was driving along a lonely road.
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10.
| Why you did it?
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Exercise 9.
| A. Cathy and Meg went on a day trip yesterday. Look at the notes below and say what they did, using the following linking words: first, then, next, after that, later, finally.
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Model:
| First, they travelled to Brighton by tram.
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9:15 – 10:30:
| travel to London by train
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10:30 – 11:30:
| look around shops
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11:30 – 12:30:
| walk in the park
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12:30 – 2:00:
| eat lunch at a restaurant
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2:00 – 4:30:
| visit museums
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4:30 – 5:30
| have afternoon tea
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| B. What did you do yesterday? Write some sentences.
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Exercise 10.
| Work in pairs. Find out about each other’s summer holidays. Which of you has the more diversified summer?
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Model:
| SA: Where did you spend your summer holidays?
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SB: In July I passed my exams and in August I went to Italy. What about you?
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Прошедшее длительное время
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