Tenses Review (Passive Voice)
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| Indefinite Постоянное, регулярное действие; констатация факта | Continuous Действие как процесс, действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходящее в определенный моментв настоящем, прошедшем и будущем. | Perfect Завершенность действия; действие, которое завершается до какого-то момента или другого события в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем. | Perfect Continuous Процесс в течении некоторого времени до определенного момента; действие, которое начнется до определенного момента в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем и продолжается вплоть до этого момента. Действие, длящееся уже определенный промежуток времени |
| Present am is asked are всегда спрашивают am is not be asked are Are you asked? | Present am are being asked is сейчас спрашивают am not/aren't/isn't being asked Am I being asked? Are you/they/we being asked? Is he/she/it being asked? | Present have has been asked уже спросили haven't / hasn’t been asked Have you been asked …? Has he/she/it been asked …? | Present ___ |
| Past Was Were asked спрашивали когда - то was were not asked Were you asked? | Past was were being asked спрашивали в определенный момент wasn’t / weren't being asked Was he being asked …? Were they being asked …? | Past had been asked уже спросили до этого момента hadn't been asked Had you been asked …? | Past ___ |
| Future shall will be asked спросят shan't be asked won't be asked Shall I / we be asked…? Will you be asked…? | Future ___ | Future shall will have been asked уже спросят до этого момента shan't / won't have been asked Shall I/we have been asked …? Will you have been asked …? | Future ___ |
| Future in-the-Past should would be asked shouldn’t be asked wouldn’t be asked Should I be asked …? Would you be asked …? | Future in-the-Past ___ | Future in-the-Past should would have been asked shouldn’t/wouldn’t have been asked Should I/we have been asked? Would you have been asked? | Future in-the-Past ___ |
| Time indicators: Every day, usually, often, always, regularly; yesterday, three days ago, last year, on Sunday, in February; tomorrow, soon, next year, in three days etc. | Now, at this moment, at 5 o’clock, at present moment, from 6 till 9, from morning till night, the whole morning, all day long etc. | Ever, never, already, yet, just, lately, recently, up to now, for, since, today, this week, this month, this year, by 5 o'clock, by Saturday, by that time etc. | For an hour, for a month, for a long time, lately, since yesterday, since 5 o'clock, etc. |
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NB: The Future Continuous, the Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Perfect Continuous and the Future Perfect Continuous are not found in the Passive Voice.
| DIRECT SPEECH | REPORTED SPEECH |
§  Reported Statements (say, tell, explain etc. + that)
am / is
“I am tired”, she said.
are
“The shops are open”, I said.
have / has / have got/ has got
“I’ve got a lot of problems”, he said.
go
Present Indefinite
“We often go to the cinema”, they said.
do / does
“I don’t know your address”, he said.
is watching
Present Continuous
“He is watching TV”, she said.
was reading
Past Continuous
“I was reading while my parents were watching TV”, she said.
has left
Present Perfect
“He has just left”, she said.
had written
Past Perfect
“I had already written to him”, he said.
left
Past Indefinite
“He left an hour ago”, she said.
will be / shall be
Future Indefinite
He will be back in an hour”, she said.
have been typing
Present Perfect Continuous
“I’ve been typing since morning”, she said.
can
“I can speak German”, she said.
will be able
He said, “I’m sure you will be able to solve this problem tomorrow”.
may
“I may speak to Ann”, she said.
will
“I will go there with pleasure”, she said.
shall
“How shall I do this?” she said.
must (obligation)
“You must be back at 10”, she said.
must (deduction, possibility)
She said, “He must be a liar”.
ought to
should
She said, “You should try harder”.
had better
She said, “You had better phone him”.
would
could
used to
might
§ Reported Questions
He said, “Where did he stay?”
He said, “Did you have a nice time?”
She said, “Who made the sculpture in the square?”
§ Reported Commands / Requests / Suggestions (advise, ask, suggest, beg, offer, order, tell etc.)
He said to me, “Come with me”.
He said to me, “Don’t lie to me”.
He said, “Let’s go out”.
| was She said that she was tired. were I said that the shops were open. had He said that he had a lot of problems. went Past Indefinite They said that they often went to the cinema. did He said he didn’t know my address. was watching Past Continuous She said he was watching TV. was reading Past Continuous She said she was reading while her parents were watching TV. had left Past Perfect She said that he had just left. had written Past Perfect He said he had already written to him. had left Past Perfect She said that he had left an hour before. would be / should be Conditional She said that he would be back in an hour. had been typing Past Perfect Continuous She said that she had been typing since morning. could She said (that) she could speak German. would be able He said that he was sure she would be able to solve this problem. might She said I might speak to Ann. would She said she would go there with pleasure. should She asked how she should do this. must / had to She said I must / had to be back at 10. must She said he must be a liar. ought to should She said I should try harder. had better She said that I had better phone him. would could used to might He asked where he had stayed. He asked if / whether I had had a nice time. She asked who had made the sculpture in the square. He told me to go with me. He told me not to lie to him. He suggested going out. |
Time words can change as follows depending on the time reference:
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| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
| Tonight, today, this week / month / year Now Now that Yesterday, last night / week / month / year Tomorrow, next week / month / year Two days / months / years etc ago | That night, that day, that week / month/ year Then, at that time, at once, immediately Since The day before, the previous night / week / month / year The following day / the day after, the following / next week / month / year Two days / months / years etc before |
NB:
§ There are no changes in the verb tenses in Reported speech when the direct sentence expresses a general truth, Conditional Type 2 or Type 3 or a wish.
“The earth is a planet”, he said. à He said the earth is a planet. (general truth)
“If you studied more, you would pass your test”, he said. à He said that if I studied more, I’d pass your test. (Conditional Type 2)
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“I wish I were rich”, he said. à He said he wished he were rich.
§ The verb tenses can change or remain the same in Reported Speech when a sentence expresses something which is up to date or still true.
“I like ice-cream”, he said. à He said he likes / liked ice-cream. (still true)
§ Past Continuous, Past Perfect remains the same in the Reported Speech.
“I had already written to him”, he said.à He said he had already written to him.
“I was reading while my parents were watching TV”, she said. à She said that she was reading while her parents were watching TV.
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