Вопросы к Государственному междисциплинарному экзамену по направлению подготовки 45.03.02 Лингвистика, профиль «Теория и методика преподавания иностранных языков и культур»
Вопросы по теории первого иностранного языка
1. Phonetics as a science. Branches of Phonetics. Phonetics and Phonology. (Phonetics as the study of spoken language or speech sounds. General phonetics. Special phonetics . Descriptive phonetics. Historical phonetics. Comparative phonetics. Articulatory, acoustic, auditory phonetics and phonology. Baudouin de Courtenay as the first phonologist).
2. System of English vowel phonemes. Articulatory classification of vowel phonemes. Acoustic classification of English vowels. (Vowels. The system of 8 Cardinal (Vowels. A minimal vowel system . The criteria for vowel classification (stability of articulation; tongue position (horizontal and vertical movements); lip position (spread, neutral, rounded); character of the vowel end; length = quantity; tenseness). Checkness. Phonologically relevant characteristics of English vowels).
3. System of English consonants. Classification of consonants on the articulatory level. System of English consonants. (Classification of consonants on Work of the vocal cords and the force of exhalation; Active organs of speech and the place of obstruction; Manner of noise production and the type of obstruction (including . subdivisions according to voice or noise prevalence, number of noise producing foci, shape of the narrowing); Position of the soft palate).
4. Prosody as a basic notion of Suprasegmental level. Components of prosody. Functions of the prosodic system. (Prosody as a language universal. Prosody and intonation. Components of prosody. Pitch, loudness and tempo. Functions: communicative, stylistic and grammatical).
5. Pronunciation varieties of British English. The orthoepic norm and the literary norm of pronunciation. Dialects of Great Britain: the Cockney Dialect; the Southern Dialect; the Northern Dialect; the Scottish Dialect.
6. General notes on stylistics as a branch of linguistics. The aim of stylistics. The fields of investigation. Stylistics division.
7. General notes on stylistics as a branch of linguistics. The aim of stylistics. The fields of investigation. Stylistics division.
8. Stylistic phonetics and stylistic lexicology. The functions of stylistic phonetics and stylistic lexicology. Stylistic devices on phonetic and lexical levels.
9. Semasiology and onomasiology. Syntagmatic and paradigmatic stylistics. Their fields of investigation. Stylistic devices on these levels.
10. The classifications of functional styles. Distinguishing between language, text and speech.
11. Stylistic morphology. The functions of stylistic morphology. Stylistic devices on morphologic level.
12. Stylistic syntax. The functions of stylistic syntax. Stylistic devices on syntactical level.
13. Lexicology and its links with other branches of linguistics. (The Connection of Lexicology with Phonetics. The Connection of Lexicology with Stylistics. The Connection of Lexicology with Grammar. The Connection of Lexicology with Sociolinguistics.).
14. The Word as a Linguistic Sign. (The Model of Linguistic Sign. Similarity and Difference between a Set Expression and a Word. Lexical Meaning and Semantic Structure of English Words. The Semantic Structure of Polysemantic Words).
15. The English Vocabulary as a System. (Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relations in Vocabulary. Semantic Field. Frame. Concept).
16. Lexical Synonymy and Antonymy. (Classification of Synonyms. Sources of Synonymy. Classification of Antonyms).
17. Regional Varieties of the English Vocabulary. (Local Dialects in the British Isles. British and American English. Canadian English. Australian English. New Zealand English.).
18. English Lexicography. (The Main Problems of Lexicography. The History of British Lexicography. The History of American Lexicography. Types of Dictionaries.).
19. The First Consonant Shift in Germanic languages and its consequences. (Proto-Germanic consonants, Consonant Shift. Grimm’s Law. Three stages of the Shift. Examples of Indo-European and Germanic consonant correspondences)
20. The Great Vowel Shift and its phonetic results. (The changes included in the Great Vowel Shift. Some interpretations of the Great Vowel Shift: its origin, the time of the appearance, directions. The phonetic results of the Shift. The changes in the alphabet).
21. Linguistic consequences after the Norman invasion. (The Norman Conquest. The division of the country into two layers: the feudal upper class the government the court speak French, the main balk of the population speak English. The appearance of bilingual population. The linguistic situation in the country after the conquest: changes in the alphabet, changes in spelling habits. The spheres in which the words were borrowed from French).
22. Periods in the history of the English language. Old English vowel system. (Chronological divisions in the history of English. The periodization of English according to Henry Sweet. The principles of this division. Old English kingdoms and dialects).
23. Establishment of the literary norm in Modern English (Emergence of the nation. Development of the literary language. Establishment of the Written Standard. Establishment of the Spoken Standard).
24. Modern English vocabulary (Conversion. Affixation. Word composition. Etymological dublets. Borrowings from different languages - Latin, Italian, Spanish, French, Russian, etc.).
25. Grammatical classes of words. (Definition of the part of speech. Grammatically relevant properties for part of speech classification. Formal and functional classification of the parts of speech. Syntactico-distributional classification. Prof. Blokch’s classification of parts of speech. Semantic, formal and functional features of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs).
26. Nouns and their grammatical categories. (Semantic, formal and functional features of nouns. Categories of nouns (gender, number, case, article determination))
27. Verbs and their grammatical categories. (Semantic, formal and functional features of verbs. Categories of verbs (person and number, tense, aspect, voice, mood)).
28. Adjectives and adverbs. (Semantic, formal and functional features of adjectives. Subclasses of adjectives. Category of comparison of adjectives. Semantic, formal and functional features of adverbs. Subclasses of advebs. Category of comparison of adverbs.
29. Sentence as the main unit of syntax. Its division and types. (Definition of sentence. Sentence vs word. Sentence vs phrase. Nominative division of the sentence. Actual division of the sentence. Communicative types of sentences.).
30. Monopredicative and poly-predicative sentences. (Simple sentence and its structure. Composite sentences. Compound sentences. Complex sentences. Semi-composite sentences.).
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