D). Find in the text words and word combinations, which correspond to the following definitions.
1. _____ characterized by or capable of clear, sound reasoning.
2. _____ extremely interesting.
3. _____ providing useful or interesting information.
4. _____ is a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations.
5. _____ is a person or thing that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.
6. _____ is a preliminary version of a piece of writing.
7. _____ is a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.
8. _____ is a detailed proposal for doing or achieving something.
9. _____ is a thing that is caused or produced by something else; a consequence or outcome.
10. _____ the achievement of a level of performance that does not vary greatly in quality over time.
e). Match the term and its definition. There is one extra definition that you do not need to use!
| Term | Definition | ||
| 1. | The beginning | a) | coming at the end of a section. |
| 2. | The main part | b) | books or journals issued for public sale. |
| 3. | The final part | c) | the principal section. |
| 4. | A reference | d) | the first part of something. |
| 5. | Sources | e) | books or documents used to provide evidence in research. |
| f) | a mention or citation of a source of information in a book or article. | ||
f). Translate from Russian into English. Mind Present Simple, Present Progressive, Present Perfect Progressive/Simple (Active), or Past Simple as well as Infinities and …ing Forms.
1. Логично предположить, что они посетили конференцию.
2. Её было очень приятно слушать.
3. Из моих усилий ничего не вышло.
4. Он вынес свои идеи на обсуждение научного общества.
5. Вся история является в некотором смысле воплощением божественного замысла. (Б.Ф.Весткот)
6. Было поучительно ознакомиться с его недавней статьей?
7. Все мы предположили, что новая компания не выживет.
8. Они разработали план из шести шагов?
9. Она встала из-за стола. «Я должна идти. Уже стемнело».
10. Что я сделал такого, чтобы так сильно рассердить отца?
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Task 27. Post-reading activities.
a). Answer the following questions:
1. What is a text?
2. What is a scientific text?
3. What are the basic components of any scientific text?
B). Give the tips for writing a good scientific text.
Task 28. Self-check: choose the correct variant.
1. The American money … based on the decimal system.
| a) | is | b) | are |
| c) | was | d) | were |
2. Jane is very tired because she was working … the whole day.
| a) | hard | b) | hardly ever |
| c) | of hard | d) | hardly |
3. The Welsh people are very proud … their language, culture and history.
| a) | with | b) | by |
| c) | of | d) | - |
4. Do you know where is Nick? – I think, he ... his article.
| a) | writes | b) | is writing |
| c) | has written | d) | has been writing |
5. You should do the final test ... because it will influence your examination rating.
| a) | carefullier | b) | careful |
| c) | less carefully | d) | more carefully |
6. Even among English people, ... too well is a pedantic affectation. In foreigner it is something worse than an affectation: it is an insult to the native who cannot understand his own language when it is too well ... .
| a) | speaking, speaking | b) | to speak, spoken |
| c) | having spoken, speaking | d) | speaking, haven spoken |
7. The ring ... from hand to hand. For a moment it was in my hand.
| a) | was passing | b) | is passed |
| c) | has been passed | d) | was passed |
8. The United Kingdom consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and ... .
| a) | Northern Ireland | b) | Irish Republic |
| c) | Great Britain | d) | Britain |
9. Almost all English kings and queens have been crowned in ... .
| a) | Buckingham Palace | b) | St. Paul’s Cathedral |
| c) | The tower of London | d) | Westminster Abbey |
10. The official residence of the Queen in London is … .
| a) | Buckingham Palace | b) | Kensington Palace |
| c) | The tower of London | d) | Westminster Abbey |
11. The Houses of Parliament are situated in the historical part of London which is called ... .
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| a) | Windsor | b) | Pall Mall |
| c) | Whitehall | d) | Westminster |
12. How many chambers has the USA Congress?
| a) | one | b) | two |
| c) | three | d) | four |
13. How many chambers has the UK Parliament?
| a) | one | b) | two |
| c) | three | d) | four |
14. America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in ... .
| a) | 1492 | b) | 1215 |
| c) | 1582 | d) | 1066 |
Task 29. Self-check: match the component of the abstract and the text. There is one extra text that you do not need to use. What type of abstract is it?
| Component | Text | ||
| 1. | Problem statement | a) | This has been done by examining events such as the Supreme Court cases of John Marshall and the Nullification Crisis. |
| 2. | Methods | b) | Through showing that the American Revolution lives on in memory, this research highlights the importance of the revolution in shaping the actions of the United States government. |
| 3. | Findings | c) | The Commemoration and Memorialization of the American Revolution |
| 4. | Conclusion | d) | Upon examination of these events, it becomes clear that John Marshall and John Calhoun (creator of the Doctrine of Nullification) attempted to use the American Revolution to bolster their claims by citing speeches from Founding Fathers. |
| e) | This project involves discovering how the American Revolution was remembered during the nineteenth century. The goal is to show that the American Revolution was memorialized by the actions of the United States government during the 1800s. | ||
Unit 2.2.
PART I. Grammar Plunge
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